Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
The Paleobiological Revolution
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
... of organisms which it studies, the evolutionary methods suggested by geneticists and evolutionists shall not contradict its data.”8 In other words, paleontologists should be content with the role assigned them ever since Darwin—to document and verify historical confirmation of the processes biologis ...
Multilevel And Sex-Specific Selection On Competitive Traits In North
... variation in lifetime reproductive success is determined by whether or not squirrels acquire a ...
... variation in lifetime reproductive success is determined by whether or not squirrels acquire a ...
Evolution and development of shape: integrating
... full control over environmental conditions. Consequently, it is easy to separate shape variation that is due to specific genetic factors or to spontaneous variation in the developmental system44. Likewise, in experimental settings, developmental changes can be visualized and quantified precisely wit ...
... full control over environmental conditions. Consequently, it is easy to separate shape variation that is due to specific genetic factors or to spontaneous variation in the developmental system44. Likewise, in experimental settings, developmental changes can be visualized and quantified precisely wit ...
Review Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
Behavioral changes, ecological niches and adaptive diversification
... the tree of life, we must define some of the key concepts in such processes. Below, I define several of such concepts that are necessary to understand both the patterns described and the ...
... the tree of life, we must define some of the key concepts in such processes. Below, I define several of such concepts that are necessary to understand both the patterns described and the ...
The experimental evolution of specialists, generalists, and the
... experiment starts with well-characterized types, which may be different genotypes or species, and allows them to compete in a heterogeneous environment. If the types coexist, and either can invade a population of the other when rare, then diversity is stably maintained. I term these `coexistence' ex ...
... experiment starts with well-characterized types, which may be different genotypes or species, and allows them to compete in a heterogeneous environment. If the types coexist, and either can invade a population of the other when rare, then diversity is stably maintained. I term these `coexistence' ex ...
Selection experiments: an under-utilized tool in
... species, and several of them utilize independent phylogenetic information in the choice of species to be studied and/or for data analysis. A more recent thrust in evolutionary biomechanics and related fields has been the study of individual variation within species, which provides the raw material u ...
... species, and several of them utilize independent phylogenetic information in the choice of species to be studied and/or for data analysis. A more recent thrust in evolutionary biomechanics and related fields has been the study of individual variation within species, which provides the raw material u ...
setting the stage: phenotypic plasticity as habitat selection
... plants alter their resource environments through modifications of their modular structure. Plants can express morphological changes that enable a plant to grow beyond areas with scarce resources and changes that enable plants to remain in and take advantage of areas with abundant resources. Foraging ...
... plants alter their resource environments through modifications of their modular structure. Plants can express morphological changes that enable a plant to grow beyond areas with scarce resources and changes that enable plants to remain in and take advantage of areas with abundant resources. Foraging ...
Natural Selection on Testosterone Production in a Wild Songbird
... Testosterone-treated males more than compensated for reduced survival by siring more offspring via extrapair fertilizations than did controls, and as a result, they had higher fitness as measured by l, the projected relative rate of population growth (Raouf et al. 1997; Reed et al. 2006). These resu ...
... Testosterone-treated males more than compensated for reduced survival by siring more offspring via extrapair fertilizations than did controls, and as a result, they had higher fitness as measured by l, the projected relative rate of population growth (Raouf et al. 1997; Reed et al. 2006). These resu ...
Why the Gene Will Not Return* Elisabeth A. Lloyd
... 2000). I shall expand on the second, interactor question, below, since it is the focus of this paper. The beneficiary question involves which entity benefits, in the long term, from the evolution by selection process, while the question of which entity manifests adaptations plays a central role in d ...
... 2000). I shall expand on the second, interactor question, below, since it is the focus of this paper. The beneficiary question involves which entity benefits, in the long term, from the evolution by selection process, while the question of which entity manifests adaptations plays a central role in d ...
The geographic mosaic in predispersal interactions and selection on
... function because GLS is preferred to maximum likelihood when multivariate normality is not met (see SAS/ STAT User’s guide, SAS Institute, 1990). In any case, we stress that the adequacy of the hypothesis of our causal model is not, in fact, a major issue in this paper. Instead, our interest is to b ...
... function because GLS is preferred to maximum likelihood when multivariate normality is not met (see SAS/ STAT User’s guide, SAS Institute, 1990). In any case, we stress that the adequacy of the hypothesis of our causal model is not, in fact, a major issue in this paper. Instead, our interest is to b ...
The struggle for existence. How the notion of carrying capacity, K
... The theoretical core of evolutionary biology – evolutionary genetics – often ignores the original impetus of its creation, population ecology. Both Darwin and Wallace independently happened upon the idea of natural selection after reading Malthus' treatise on population growth and human suffering (M ...
... The theoretical core of evolutionary biology – evolutionary genetics – often ignores the original impetus of its creation, population ecology. Both Darwin and Wallace independently happened upon the idea of natural selection after reading Malthus' treatise on population growth and human suffering (M ...
Rapid evolution in crop-weed hybrids under artificial selection for
... scenarios under which the fitness of hybrids lineages may equal or exceed the fitness of their wild parent, favoring the long-term persistence of crop alleles. However, this combination of evolutionary tools has not been used before in crop-wild hybrids. Furthermore, it is important to determine whe ...
... scenarios under which the fitness of hybrids lineages may equal or exceed the fitness of their wild parent, favoring the long-term persistence of crop alleles. However, this combination of evolutionary tools has not been used before in crop-wild hybrids. Furthermore, it is important to determine whe ...
Strong ecological but weak evolutionary effects of elevated CO
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
... the RIL population is high even for traits for which the parental genotypes are phenotypically similar. Accordingly, because the RILs were propagated without selection, the 164 lines used here are expected to represent a broader range of genetic and phenotypic variation than would be present in a hi ...
Hamilton`s rule
... The key conceptual difference between the two versions may be simply expressed. One construes the B, C and R terms as parameters of an evolutionary game, and represents a condition for the evolution of a social behaviour within a very restricted class of populations. The other construes b, c and r a ...
... The key conceptual difference between the two versions may be simply expressed. One construes the B, C and R terms as parameters of an evolutionary game, and represents a condition for the evolution of a social behaviour within a very restricted class of populations. The other construes b, c and r a ...
Phenotypic integration in plants
... reproduction. Plants with strong relationships (high correlations) between the component traits of the module such as anther, stigma, petals, sepals, etc. are hypothesized to most efficiently perform the functions of dispersing pollen, attracting pollinators and developing fruit (Berg 1960; Armbrust ...
... reproduction. Plants with strong relationships (high correlations) between the component traits of the module such as anther, stigma, petals, sepals, etc. are hypothesized to most efficiently perform the functions of dispersing pollen, attracting pollinators and developing fruit (Berg 1960; Armbrust ...
Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable. Art must also involve essentially unpredictable activity that while conforming to mechanistic laws can transcend them.7 This might be done through misinterpretation or by ma ...
... correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable. Art must also involve essentially unpredictable activity that while conforming to mechanistic laws can transcend them.7 This might be done through misinterpretation or by ma ...
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND LOCAL ADAPTATION
... value in each ecological zone. In this case, there are as many assortment parameters as there are ecological zones (F 1 , F 2 , etc.). Finally, we allowed the karyotypes to differ in the strength of assortment. This model includes, for example, the case in which only homozygotes have a mating prefer ...
... value in each ecological zone. In this case, there are as many assortment parameters as there are ecological zones (F 1 , F 2 , etc.). Finally, we allowed the karyotypes to differ in the strength of assortment. This model includes, for example, the case in which only homozygotes have a mating prefer ...
Density cycles and an offspring quantity and quality game driven by
... Morphs are coupled through genetics and the frequency dependence of ®tness. The intrinsic rate of increase, r, in the standard logistic equation is replaced by Fi, fecundity of ith strategy adjusted by: (1) frequency-dependent ®tness (such as equation (1) standardized by mean ®tness, W i t=W), and ...
... Morphs are coupled through genetics and the frequency dependence of ®tness. The intrinsic rate of increase, r, in the standard logistic equation is replaced by Fi, fecundity of ith strategy adjusted by: (1) frequency-dependent ®tness (such as equation (1) standardized by mean ®tness, W i t=W), and ...
Adaptive changes in harvested populations: plasticity and evolution
... (resulting, for example, from the migration of birds to reproduction areas, or from nursery and spawning areas in fishes, etc.). Such harvesting obviously modifies the ratio between juvenile and adult mortality rates. Starting from the ES reaction norm for an unharvested population, figure 3a–c show ...
... (resulting, for example, from the migration of birds to reproduction areas, or from nursery and spawning areas in fishes, etc.). Such harvesting obviously modifies the ratio between juvenile and adult mortality rates. Starting from the ES reaction norm for an unharvested population, figure 3a–c show ...
THAN A GYM - Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital Rahway
... At RWJ Rahway Fitness & Wellness Centers in Scotch Plains and Carteret, physical and aquatic therapy programs are created with the patient’s needs and goals in mind. RWJ Rahway Fitness & Wellness Centers offer a wide range of therapy options in facilities with state-of-the-art equipment. We work wit ...
... At RWJ Rahway Fitness & Wellness Centers in Scotch Plains and Carteret, physical and aquatic therapy programs are created with the patient’s needs and goals in mind. RWJ Rahway Fitness & Wellness Centers offer a wide range of therapy options in facilities with state-of-the-art equipment. We work wit ...
Offline Evolution of Normative Systems
... tures. Of particular interest is the deontic structureoperator, which for each situation of the system determines an agent’s deontic structure (i.e., the set of permissible acts) on the feasible acts in the current situation, and the preference structure-operator, which for each situation determines ...
... tures. Of particular interest is the deontic structureoperator, which for each situation of the system determines an agent’s deontic structure (i.e., the set of permissible acts) on the feasible acts in the current situation, and the preference structure-operator, which for each situation determines ...
The Growth of Structural and Functional Complexity
... applicable to a very restricted domain, such as computer algorithms or genomes, or so vague as to be almost meaningless. Edmonds (1996, this volume) gives a good review of the different definitions and their shortcomings, concluding that complexity necessarily depends on the language that is used to ...
... applicable to a very restricted domain, such as computer algorithms or genomes, or so vague as to be almost meaningless. Edmonds (1996, this volume) gives a good review of the different definitions and their shortcomings, concluding that complexity necessarily depends on the language that is used to ...
5 The Theory of Natural Selection - The application of population
... random mating, and large population size. In a natural population, any of these could be false; we cannot assume that natural populations will be at the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In practice, we can find out whether a population is at the Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium for a locus simply by counting ...
... random mating, and large population size. In a natural population, any of these could be false; we cannot assume that natural populations will be at the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. In practice, we can find out whether a population is at the Hardy– Weinberg equilibrium for a locus simply by counting ...