• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chapter 16 Notes
Chapter 16 Notes

... America to one of the islands, there they survive and reproduce. Separation of populations • Some birds from species A cross to a second island. The two populations no longer share a gene pool. Changes in the gene pool • Seed sizes on the second island favor birds with larger beaks. The population o ...
Workshop on Macroevolution
Workshop on Macroevolution

... would, over the immensity of geological time, bring about ancestor-to-descendent evolutionary change. To use his expression, it would result in "descent with modification." Darwin was thus an advocate of phyletic gradualism, the idea that evolution is a consequence of the culmination over many gener ...
Evolution Notes - Northwest ISD Moodle
Evolution Notes - Northwest ISD Moodle

... the more closely their genes match, the more closely organisms are related 30) In the natural selection spoons game, what did the limited number of spoons each round represent? - competition, the struggle for existence 31) In the spoons game, what represented genetic variation? - the different cards ...
Curriculum Vitae
Curriculum Vitae

... (joint with G. Stone, Edinburgh) 2006-2010 Using selection to map QTL 2008-2011 Estimating population structure 2010-2015 The role of pollinator-mediated selection in an Antirrhinum majus hybrid zone 2011-2016 evolutionary processes in variable environments 2010-2016 Evolution of transcriptional reg ...
A Study of Genetic Drift in Callosobruchus maculatus
A Study of Genetic Drift in Callosobruchus maculatus

... change in the allele frequency, it does not lead to adaptation! (i.e. greater fitness for a given environment). Genetic drift is the result of one violation of the H-W equilibrium: the population must be large. In your textbook, this assumption is listed as “there are no chance events.” Indeed, gene ...
Lecture 13
Lecture 13

... • At age 22, 5yr, voyage on the Beagle • Similarities between living and fossil organisms ...
Lesson plan - KBS GK12 Project
Lesson plan - KBS GK12 Project

... between the trait and fitness (mussels’ ability to survive and reproduce) by eating only the thinshelled mussels. The three requirements for evolution (heritable trait, phenotypic variation in the trait, relationship between trait and fitness) are met, so the mussel population is able to evolve in r ...
Chapter 4 PP1234
Chapter 4 PP1234

... lungs, blood and blood vessels to supply the nutrients necessary for long-term activity.  Mile run and 1.5 mile run, 9 & 12 minute run.  What does it mean to be at your optimal fitness level ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab - University of Wisconsin
Lecture PPT - Carol Lee Lab - University of Wisconsin

... same across generations, a population is evolving if it goes out of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (more on this later) ...
PPT File
PPT File

... Migration of individuals between populations results in gene flow, which can change allele frequencies. Genetic drift—random changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. In small populations, it can change allele frequencies. Harmful alleles may increase in frequency, or rare advan ...
naturally selected
naturally selected

... • Deeper analysis of the selection event on G. fortis during 1976-77 indicated that an optimal evolutionary response would have been to have birds with deeper and narrower beaks, that is, for beak shape as well as size to evolve. But beak depth and beak width are positively correlated (both phenotyp ...
Challenges to Neo- Darwinism and Their Meaning
Challenges to Neo- Darwinism and Their Meaning

... a more potent force than traditional Darwinian sorting of organisms in both the spread of features within clades and the differential success of some clades over others. True species selection relies upon properties of species as entities — propensity to speciate in particular — that cannot be reduc ...
The fall and rise of Dr Pangloss: adaptationism and the Spandrels
The fall and rise of Dr Pangloss: adaptationism and the Spandrels

... natural selection’11, often perceived as the quintessential Panglossian paradigm, was originally developed for the special case of simple one locus–two allele systems (although it can be generalized for multiple alleles). However, even slightly more complex models, such as two loci with epistasis, f ...
Slideshow
Slideshow

... History of Evolutionary Theory  Darwin  Natural ...
Transitional Fossils, Natural Selection Myths, and Evolutionary Trees
Transitional Fossils, Natural Selection Myths, and Evolutionary Trees

... article accessible for any students doing the Becoming Whales and Whale Ankles and DNA lessons who may want to explore the subject further and see what the current thinking is about cetacean evolution. A natural extension from this was Donald Prothero’s article on Evolutionary Transitions in the Fos ...
Biological and Physical Constraints on the Evolution of Form in
Biological and Physical Constraints on the Evolution of Form in

... Bateson referred to as “repeated parts.” For developmental biology, the notion of naïve cells being imbued with the potential to generate structure and form from an extrinsic mor-phogenetic source was challenged by the perspective that the emergence of structure and form was at least as much due to ...
Microevolution
Microevolution

... (for example, the recessive gene may be lost in a few generations) Has a much greater effect on small populations ...
Nicola Jane Barson
Nicola Jane Barson

... divergence cannot proceed in the face of gene flow. I have contributed to the understanding of the role played by population structuring in evolutionary dynamics both in guppies and grayling. In guppies this involved both the assessment of metapopulation dynamics in a dendritic habitat and the role ...
LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION: Why do we get old and die?
LIFE HISTORY EVOLUTION: Why do we get old and die?

... Evolutionary Explanations for Aging • An organism’s lifespan is determined by balancing the tradeoff between allocation to repair and allocation to reproduction • A decrease in extrinsic mortality may favor an increase in allocation to repair --> delayed senescence (and vice versa) • Austad (1993) ...
Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology

... passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce.  According to natural selection, those organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.  Thus their genes are more likely to get passed along. ...
Outline - MrGalusha.org
Outline - MrGalusha.org

... passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce.  According to natural selection, those organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce.  Thus their genes are more likely to get passed along. ...
Evolution: The Unifying Theory of the Biological Sciences
Evolution: The Unifying Theory of the Biological Sciences

... Phenotypes interact with the ambient environment. These interactions mediate the survival, growth, and reproduction of phenotypes; and the survival, growth, and reproduction of phenotypes mediates the replication and transmission of their underlying alleles. Within a population, different phenotypes ...
I. Student misconceptions
I. Student misconceptions

... approach in teaching evolution. They emphasize that active learning strategies are far more effective than straightforward lectures in forcing students to confront and resolve their misconceptions about evolution and natural selection. Stern (2004) provides examples of good and poor questions about ...
Honors Biology Ch. 13 Notes Evolution
Honors Biology Ch. 13 Notes Evolution

... o right-mouthed/left-mouthed o easier to defend against most common attacker o those numbers go down from lack of food o less common #’s go up from greater food 13.16 Explain what is meant by neutral variation.  Mutations that have no effect, + or -, on the individual  Mutation occurs in non-codin ...
Evolutionary Mechanisms - 1 The Gene Pool and Genetic
Evolutionary Mechanisms - 1 The Gene Pool and Genetic

... is the expression of the genotype, and it is the specific alleles that are passed on to the next generation. Natural selection does not cause genetic changes within an individual. An individual cannot evolve. Natural selection acts on the individual. The population evolves as a consequence of differ ...
< 1 ... 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ... 38 >

Evolutionary landscape

An evolutionary landscape is a metaphor; a construct used to think about and visualize the processes of evolution (e.g. natural selection and genetic drift) acting on a biological entity ( e.g., a gene, protein, population, species). This entity can be viewed as searching or moving through a search space. For example, the search space of a gene would be all possible nucleotide sequences. The search space is only part of an evolutionary landscape. The final component is the ""y-axis,"" which is usually fitness. Each value along the search space can result in a high or low fitness for the entity. If small movements through search space causes small changes in fitness are relatively small, then the landscape is considered smooth. Smooth landscapes happen when most fixed mutations have little to no effect on fitness, which is what one would expect with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. In contrast, if small movements result in large changes in fitness, then the landscape is said to be rugged. In either case, movement tends to be toward areas of higher fitness, though usually not the global optima.What exactly constitutes an ""evolutionary landscape"" is confused in the literature. The term evolutionary landscape is often used interchangeably with adaptive landscape and fitness landscape, though other authors distinguish between them. As discussed below, different authors have different definitions of adaptive and fitness landscapes. Additionally, there is large disagreement whether it should be used as a visual metaphor disconnected from the underlying math, a tool for evaluating models of evolution, or a model in and of itself used to generate hypotheses and predictions. Clearly, the field of biology, specifically evolutionary biology and population genetics, needs to come to a consensus of what an evolutionary landscape is and how it should be used.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report