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... primacy, because it contains the information... [G]enes are important, and different from other components of the developmental process. With all due respect to cytoplasmic inheritance and maternal effects, there doesn’t seem to be much here.” – Günter Wagner, in response to our book ...
NAME OF GAME - local.brookings.k12.sd.us
NAME OF GAME - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

... Process by which related organisms evolve differences when they are isolated in different environments Divergent evolution OR Adaptive radiation ...
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?
WHICH PATTERN IS IT?

... Process by which related organisms evolve differences when they are isolated in different environments Divergent evolution OR Adaptive radiation ...
Diversity Notes
Diversity Notes

... Gene Flow  Gene flow can increase the fitness of a population.  Consider, for example, the spread of alleles for resistance to insecticides:  Insecticides have been used to target mosquitoes that carry West Nile virus and malaria.  Alleles have evolved in some populations that confer insecticid ...
Chapter 7 Beyond alleles: quantitative genetics and the
Chapter 7 Beyond alleles: quantitative genetics and the

... can be attributed to polygenic effects, i.e., product of two or more genes, and their environment. ...
Chapter 23
Chapter 23

... Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter a population’s genetic composition • 3 factors alter allele frequencies & bring about most evolutionary change: • Natural selection • Genetic drift • Gene flow ...
174-16-Winter_2_7-Ja.. - Department of Biology
174-16-Winter_2_7-Ja.. - Department of Biology

... objectives, but with more rigorous evolutionary tools and definitions. ...
COREE CURRICULUM ASSESSMENT REPORT
COREE CURRICULUM ASSESSMENT REPORT

... 8. Gill pouches in chick, human, and house-cat embryos are an example of: A. structural homology B. developmental homology C. analogy/convergent evolution D. the inheritance of acquired characters 9. Some beetles and flies (insects) have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer (ch ...
Preface 1 PDF
Preface 1 PDF

... Although originally a systematic term associated with speciation by hybridization, this book exemplifies “reticulate evolution” as it occurs by mechanisms and processes of symbiosis, symbiogenesis, lateral gene transfer, hybridization or divergence with gene flow, and infectious heredity. These phen ...
Understanding Evolution Reading Assignment
Understanding Evolution Reading Assignment

... Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift. Darwin's grand idea of evolution by natural selection is relatively simple but often misunderstood. To find out how it works, imagine a population of beetles: ...
AP Biology - TeacherWeb
AP Biology - TeacherWeb

... Though natural selection leads to adaptation, nature abounds with examples of organisms that are less than ideally suited for their lifestyles. Describe the four reason this is the case. 1. Selection can act only on existing variations. ...
Into to Altruism (PowerPoint) Northeast 2012
Into to Altruism (PowerPoint) Northeast 2012

... Understand a long-standing problem in evolutionary biology ...
Evolution and Protectionism
Evolution and Protectionism

... way to separate old and new populations, when the hybrids between them are eliminated by the nature as those, who have lower fitness. After some time of elimination members of the populations get used to mate only with representatives of their own population. This is how new species come into life. ...
Evolution
Evolution

... • Evolution is an undirected process, constrained – by physical laws (such as gravity) – by genetics (which might, for example, encode the directions for building breathing organs in a particular way), and – by the environment (which might not, for example, contain a niche for a large, slow-moving, ...
Virulence evolution in a protozoan parasite
Virulence evolution in a protozoan parasite

... Why do textbooks define homology as similarity due to common ancestry, then claim that it is evidence for common ancestry -- a circular argument masquerading as scientific evidence? ...
CHAPTER 16 EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS
CHAPTER 16 EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS

...  Some species fed on small seeds, while others ate large seeds with thick shells. One species used cactus spines to pry insects from dead wood. One species, not shown here, even pecked at the tails of large sea birds and drank their blood! ...
Cancer: Modeling evolution and natural selection, the „Mitosis Game
Cancer: Modeling evolution and natural selection, the „Mitosis Game

... compared to their closest relatives. For instance, some species have undergone a strong reduction of their genome with a drastic reduction of their genic repertoire. Deciphering the causes of these atypical trajectories can be very difficult because of the many phenomena that are intertwined during ...
pdf - Angelo State University
pdf - Angelo State University

... Layers often tilt and crack, and can erode or become covered with new deposits.  Under heat and pressure, rock becomes metamorphic and fossils are destroyed.  Stratigraphy for two major groups of African antelopes shows the relationship  between extinct and living species by using comparisons of hom ...
evolution 2
evolution 2

... Various mechanisms help to preserve genetic variation in a population  Diploidy maintains genetic variation in the form of hidden recessive alleles  Balancing selection occurs when natural selection maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population  Balancing selection ...
CH. 23 (A): EVOLUTION of
CH. 23 (A): EVOLUTION of

... _____________ offspring! [see Fig.23.3] o The same ___________ can have different ________________ because they are ________________ from each other, thus rarely exchange __________/______________ by breeding.  GENE POOL: a population’s genetic ______________. ...
The Evolution of Populations
The Evolution of Populations

... Overview: The Smallest Unit of Evolution  One common misconception about evolution is that ...
Design a Fitness Plan
Design a Fitness Plan

... œ Specificity Principle: An explicit activity targeting a particular body system must be performed to bring about fitness  changes in that area (ex. Perform aerobic activities that stress cardio‐respiratory system if you want to improve aerobic  fitness)  œ Regularity Principle: Based on the old ada ...
Acquired characteristics - University of West Alabama
Acquired characteristics - University of West Alabama

... ….variation among individuals in the population ….some of this variation is heritable ….variation in form leads to variation in survival. ...
Man Seeking Woman - Central Michigan University
Man Seeking Woman - Central Michigan University

... The Evolution of Marriage and the Benefits of Marriage Why does the institution of marriage exist in every society, and why has it existed for thousands of years? It works--not perfectly, but better than alternatives devised so far Child rearing and paternity uncertainty Other benefits: married ...
Chapter 11 Vocabulary Practice
Chapter 11 Vocabulary Practice

... response to changes in each other, over many generations 10. Process in which unrelated species evolve ...
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Evolutionary landscape

An evolutionary landscape is a metaphor; a construct used to think about and visualize the processes of evolution (e.g. natural selection and genetic drift) acting on a biological entity ( e.g., a gene, protein, population, species). This entity can be viewed as searching or moving through a search space. For example, the search space of a gene would be all possible nucleotide sequences. The search space is only part of an evolutionary landscape. The final component is the ""y-axis,"" which is usually fitness. Each value along the search space can result in a high or low fitness for the entity. If small movements through search space causes small changes in fitness are relatively small, then the landscape is considered smooth. Smooth landscapes happen when most fixed mutations have little to no effect on fitness, which is what one would expect with the neutral theory of molecular evolution. In contrast, if small movements result in large changes in fitness, then the landscape is said to be rugged. In either case, movement tends to be toward areas of higher fitness, though usually not the global optima.What exactly constitutes an ""evolutionary landscape"" is confused in the literature. The term evolutionary landscape is often used interchangeably with adaptive landscape and fitness landscape, though other authors distinguish between them. As discussed below, different authors have different definitions of adaptive and fitness landscapes. Additionally, there is large disagreement whether it should be used as a visual metaphor disconnected from the underlying math, a tool for evaluating models of evolution, or a model in and of itself used to generate hypotheses and predictions. Clearly, the field of biology, specifically evolutionary biology and population genetics, needs to come to a consensus of what an evolutionary landscape is and how it should be used.
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