1 Part 2. Oceanic Carbon and Nutrient Cycling Lecture Outline 1
... • The zone of methanogenesis underlies the zone of sulfate reduction. - Sulfate reducing bacteria out-compete methanogens for reduced C substrates. • Because the oceans have high SO42- concentrations (28 mM), methanogenesis is uncommon. • Most methane released from sediments is oxidized in the water ...
... • The zone of methanogenesis underlies the zone of sulfate reduction. - Sulfate reducing bacteria out-compete methanogens for reduced C substrates. • Because the oceans have high SO42- concentrations (28 mM), methanogenesis is uncommon. • Most methane released from sediments is oxidized in the water ...
Excerpt on ocean observing from the GEO
... of the marine web of life; but the more we learn, the better we understand that when something happens at one level or to one species, other species are impacted, throughout the food web. It is this interconnected character across the diversity of life that motivates our need to understand what live ...
... of the marine web of life; but the more we learn, the better we understand that when something happens at one level or to one species, other species are impacted, throughout the food web. It is this interconnected character across the diversity of life that motivates our need to understand what live ...
sinergee - University of Reading, Meteorology
... AND MODEL PRECIPITATION BIAS • Clear link between bias in cross-equatorial heat transport by atmosphere and inter-hemispheric precipitation asymmetry ...
... AND MODEL PRECIPITATION BIAS • Clear link between bias in cross-equatorial heat transport by atmosphere and inter-hemispheric precipitation asymmetry ...
The north edge of San Francisco`s Ocean Beach has been called
... staircase and when the wave hit the wall we’d jump into the backwash and it would take us all the way out. — ARNE WONG ...
... staircase and when the wave hit the wall we’d jump into the backwash and it would take us all the way out. — ARNE WONG ...
CarbonCycle
... The ultimate removal of carbon from the climate system is an extremely slow process. In nature this is balanced by the slow injection of carbon into the atmosphere by volcanoes and outgassing near mid ocean ridges. When humans bring carbon in the form of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil) to the ...
... The ultimate removal of carbon from the climate system is an extremely slow process. In nature this is balanced by the slow injection of carbon into the atmosphere by volcanoes and outgassing near mid ocean ridges. When humans bring carbon in the form of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, oil) to the ...
Seafloor Spreading and Paleomagnetism
... • Wegener also thought the continents plowed through ocean floor but there was no evidence for that ...
... • Wegener also thought the continents plowed through ocean floor but there was no evidence for that ...
Activities • Walter Geibert (Alfred-Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven
... processes in the Amazon estuary and its impact on trace metal fluxes into the Atlantic, was not approved but will be resubmitted in September 2016 (to be suggested as a GEOTRACES process study). ...
... processes in the Amazon estuary and its impact on trace metal fluxes into the Atlantic, was not approved but will be resubmitted in September 2016 (to be suggested as a GEOTRACES process study). ...
Slide 1
... ridges continue to add new material to the ocean floor Sea-Floor Spreading begins at the mid-ocean ridge They are formed along the crack of the oceanic crust. New molten material rise up from inside Earth It erupts, then cools down and hardens to form a solid strip of rock. ...
... ridges continue to add new material to the ocean floor Sea-Floor Spreading begins at the mid-ocean ridge They are formed along the crack of the oceanic crust. New molten material rise up from inside Earth It erupts, then cools down and hardens to form a solid strip of rock. ...
Plate Tectonics
... into short segments with offsets in between? The offsets are transform faults. ...
... into short segments with offsets in between? The offsets are transform faults. ...
Lesson Plans for Sandra Napier for the week of 11/18/2013 (Page 1
... mid-ocean ridge where trenches, abyssal plains, and seamounts are all found.Abyssal plains are wide, flat lands found on the ocean basin. Seamounts are underwater volcanic mountains that are not found on the mid-ocean ridge. ...
... mid-ocean ridge where trenches, abyssal plains, and seamounts are all found.Abyssal plains are wide, flat lands found on the ocean basin. Seamounts are underwater volcanic mountains that are not found on the mid-ocean ridge. ...
File
... 4. Describe the differences between active and passive continental margins. Be sure to include how these features relate to plate tectonics, and include an example of each type of margin. A MARGIN is simply an edge of a continent: ie a coastline. ACTIVE MARGINS are continental margins that are asso ...
... 4. Describe the differences between active and passive continental margins. Be sure to include how these features relate to plate tectonics, and include an example of each type of margin. A MARGIN is simply an edge of a continent: ie a coastline. ACTIVE MARGINS are continental margins that are asso ...
Common Chemical Sedimentary Rocks File
... of calcium carbonate from lake or ocean water. Limestone is used in many ways. Some of the most common are: production of cement, crushed stone and acid neutralization. In a cave, droplets of water seeping down from above enter the cave through fractures or other pore spaces in the cave ceiling. The ...
... of calcium carbonate from lake or ocean water. Limestone is used in many ways. Some of the most common are: production of cement, crushed stone and acid neutralization. In a cave, droplets of water seeping down from above enter the cave through fractures or other pore spaces in the cave ceiling. The ...
Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation
... just a few places (downwelling) • Flow and maintain integrity throughout the oceans because of density contrasts (thermohaline circulation) • Mix upward gradually along isopycnal surfaces • Also mix upward from shallow depths by upwelling (<1000m) ...
... just a few places (downwelling) • Flow and maintain integrity throughout the oceans because of density contrasts (thermohaline circulation) • Mix upward gradually along isopycnal surfaces • Also mix upward from shallow depths by upwelling (<1000m) ...
Chapter 1 Introduction – Planet, Oceans and Life
... Part VII finally looks at the overall impact of humans on the ocean, and the overall benefit of the ocean for humans. 3. The physical structure of the ocean Looking at a globe of the earth one thing that can be easily seen is that, although different names appear in different places for different oc ...
... Part VII finally looks at the overall impact of humans on the ocean, and the overall benefit of the ocean for humans. 3. The physical structure of the ocean Looking at a globe of the earth one thing that can be easily seen is that, although different names appear in different places for different oc ...
Southern Ocean and South Pacific Region, Working Group 1
... Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources (CCAMLR) has pursued an ecosystem approach for several decades in managing the fisheries of the Southern Ocean. An ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking account of the knowledge and uncertaint ...
... Conservation of Antarctic Living Marine Resources (CCAMLR) has pursued an ecosystem approach for several decades in managing the fisheries of the Southern Ocean. An ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) strives to balance diverse societal objectives, by taking account of the knowledge and uncertaint ...
Exam 1
... 34. Which one of the following is NOT a lithogenic (land derived) sediment? a. silt b. clay c. sand d. calcareous ooze 35. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge system is covered by a thick layer of surface sediment deposited slowly over a long period of time. a. True b. False 36. Which kind of plate movement is r ...
... 34. Which one of the following is NOT a lithogenic (land derived) sediment? a. silt b. clay c. sand d. calcareous ooze 35. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge system is covered by a thick layer of surface sediment deposited slowly over a long period of time. a. True b. False 36. Which kind of plate movement is r ...
Lesson 10 - Rift Volcanism
... The greatest volume of volcanic rock is produced within oceanic ridges where seafloor spreading is active. Example; along the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Shield volcanoes are formed along ridges when basaltic lava flows on the ocean floor. In some case these volcanoes can rise above sea level and form a ...
... The greatest volume of volcanic rock is produced within oceanic ridges where seafloor spreading is active. Example; along the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Shield volcanoes are formed along ridges when basaltic lava flows on the ocean floor. In some case these volcanoes can rise above sea level and form a ...
TSUNAMI WORKSHEET Answer the following questions: 1. How big
... The tsunamis are more dangerous for docked boat than for boats in the open ocean because in the dock the boats are tied up and can’t go anywhere they get distroied and for a boat in the ocean it has the freedom to go anywhere it can, 5. What kind of instrument is used to detect if a tsunami is headi ...
... The tsunamis are more dangerous for docked boat than for boats in the open ocean because in the dock the boats are tied up and can’t go anywhere they get distroied and for a boat in the ocean it has the freedom to go anywhere it can, 5. What kind of instrument is used to detect if a tsunami is headi ...
GEOMAR Highlights | 02
... The opening and closing of ocean gateways in the geologic past has had a huge impact on ocean circulation and thus on climate. The most recent of these events was the shoaling and final closure of the Panama Seaway, which ultimately stopped the flow of relatively fresh Pacific waters via the Caribbe ...
... The opening and closing of ocean gateways in the geologic past has had a huge impact on ocean circulation and thus on climate. The most recent of these events was the shoaling and final closure of the Panama Seaway, which ultimately stopped the flow of relatively fresh Pacific waters via the Caribbe ...
Sea Floor Spreading (SFS)
... the mid-ocean ridge. 2. When the hot magma comes into contact with the cold ocean water it cools and hardens and forms new oceanic crust (igneous rock). 3. Over millions of years the oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge and towards the plate boundary with the continental crust. 4. When ...
... the mid-ocean ridge. 2. When the hot magma comes into contact with the cold ocean water it cools and hardens and forms new oceanic crust (igneous rock). 3. Over millions of years the oceanic crust moves away from the mid-ocean ridge and towards the plate boundary with the continental crust. 4. When ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.