Diversity of Arctic pelagic Bacteria with an
... 2009). In both polar oceans, picocyanobacteria follow a general trend of decreasing concentrations and relative abundance with increasing latitudes, and strong inverse correlations between cell densities and temperature have been reported (Marchant et al., 1987; Murphy and Haugen, 1985; Rosenbergl, ...
... 2009). In both polar oceans, picocyanobacteria follow a general trend of decreasing concentrations and relative abundance with increasing latitudes, and strong inverse correlations between cell densities and temperature have been reported (Marchant et al., 1987; Murphy and Haugen, 1985; Rosenbergl, ...
PDF
... found in the central subtropical gyres while the highest surface abundances (0.7 m1) were found along the continental shelves and within the subpolar gyre, confirming recent satellite-based assessments of surface CDOM distribution. Within the ocean interior, CDOM abundances were relatively high (0. ...
... found in the central subtropical gyres while the highest surface abundances (0.7 m1) were found along the continental shelves and within the subpolar gyre, confirming recent satellite-based assessments of surface CDOM distribution. Within the ocean interior, CDOM abundances were relatively high (0. ...
Effects of Climate Change on Coral Reefs
... oxide, chlorocarbons, sulphate aerosols and ozone have forced changes in global temperature which, in turn, have had effects on the air and sea temperature, weather patterns and water movement. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide has risen rapidly from 280 ppm to alm ...
... oxide, chlorocarbons, sulphate aerosols and ozone have forced changes in global temperature which, in turn, have had effects on the air and sea temperature, weather patterns and water movement. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide has risen rapidly from 280 ppm to alm ...
Uncertainty in fisheries management
... the population size balanced for births minus deaths, times an average individual growth rate, within a given period. Growth rates may be expected to increase as harvesting commences, releasing the population from the density-dependent limitations mentioned above. Most fish do not grow continuously ...
... the population size balanced for births minus deaths, times an average individual growth rate, within a given period. Growth rates may be expected to increase as harvesting commences, releasing the population from the density-dependent limitations mentioned above. Most fish do not grow continuously ...
Ocean systems. In: Climate Change 2014
... ranges (medium confidence) and in tropical species living close to upper thermal limits (medium confidence). Although genetic adaptation occurs (medium confidence), the capacity of present-day fauna and flora to compensate for or keep up with the rate of ongoing thermal change is limited (low confid ...
... ranges (medium confidence) and in tropical species living close to upper thermal limits (medium confidence). Although genetic adaptation occurs (medium confidence), the capacity of present-day fauna and flora to compensate for or keep up with the rate of ongoing thermal change is limited (low confid ...
Low Res - SAHFOS
... ranges (medium confidence) and in tropical species living close to upper thermal limits (medium confidence). Although genetic adaptation occurs (medium confidence), the capacity of present-day fauna and flora to compensate for or keep up with the rate of ongoing thermal change is limited (low confid ...
... ranges (medium confidence) and in tropical species living close to upper thermal limits (medium confidence). Although genetic adaptation occurs (medium confidence), the capacity of present-day fauna and flora to compensate for or keep up with the rate of ongoing thermal change is limited (low confid ...
Case Study 6 Monitoring Phytoplankton Productivity from
... chlorophyll concentration. These are inputs to the local model of primary production which, after selection of the parameters, will then be integrated over time (first over a day), depth and wavelength to yield a monthly map of daily water-column primary production. The geophysical products necessar ...
... chlorophyll concentration. These are inputs to the local model of primary production which, after selection of the parameters, will then be integrated over time (first over a day), depth and wavelength to yield a monthly map of daily water-column primary production. The geophysical products necessar ...
Slow and Steady
... years ago, the pieces that formed Pangaea started to break apart. When this happened, the gaps that opened between continents slowly formed the oceans we know today. One of these gaps contains the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The ridge is a volcanic mountain range located on a plate boundary in the middle of ...
... years ago, the pieces that formed Pangaea started to break apart. When this happened, the gaps that opened between continents slowly formed the oceans we know today. One of these gaps contains the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The ridge is a volcanic mountain range located on a plate boundary in the middle of ...
PDF - Marine Ornithology
... visionary researchers had the foresight to start various marine bird population time series several decades ago. Today, these data sets provide a priceless historical perspective necessary to interpret present conditions and to forecast the future. These observations, which become more valuable ever ...
... visionary researchers had the foresight to start various marine bird population time series several decades ago. Today, these data sets provide a priceless historical perspective necessary to interpret present conditions and to forecast the future. These observations, which become more valuable ever ...
IPRC Meetings
... new category of large debris, such as telephone poles, and requires further research into the appropriate technology for cleanup. In the final presentation, Maximenko talked about ways to mitigate the impact. Only a fraction of the tsunami debris, he says, will threaten Mainland coastlines since muc ...
... new category of large debris, such as telephone poles, and requires further research into the appropriate technology for cleanup. In the final presentation, Maximenko talked about ways to mitigate the impact. Only a fraction of the tsunami debris, he says, will threaten Mainland coastlines since muc ...
Earth`s Energy Imbalance
... Over the past 50 years, the oceans have absorbed about 90% of the total heat added to the climate system while the rest goes to melting sea and land ice, warming the land surface and warming ...
... Over the past 50 years, the oceans have absorbed about 90% of the total heat added to the climate system while the rest goes to melting sea and land ice, warming the land surface and warming ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle
... apatite and other minerals and P adsorbed to iron-manganese oxide/oxyhydroxides. This particulate load is deposited quickly in estuarine and coastal shelf environments and does not contribute directly to the P pool available to marine biota.39 However, clay particles with iron and aluminum oxyhydrox ...
... apatite and other minerals and P adsorbed to iron-manganese oxide/oxyhydroxides. This particulate load is deposited quickly in estuarine and coastal shelf environments and does not contribute directly to the P pool available to marine biota.39 However, clay particles with iron and aluminum oxyhydrox ...
Chapter 42 Cold-Water Corals
... low oxygen concentrations of the Gulf of Mexico result in lower growth rates observed for L. pertusa on natural (Brooke and Young, 2009) and man-made substrata (Larcom et al., 2014), although this remains to be examined empirically. There have been numerous recent advances in our knowledge of the oc ...
... low oxygen concentrations of the Gulf of Mexico result in lower growth rates observed for L. pertusa on natural (Brooke and Young, 2009) and man-made substrata (Larcom et al., 2014), although this remains to be examined empirically. There have been numerous recent advances in our knowledge of the oc ...
Global habitat suitability of coldwater octocorals
... identified and more precautionary measures have been recommended (Auster et al., 2011). A significant problem with the identification of VMEs, such as octocoral habitat, is the lack of information on the geographic distribution of benthic communities throughout much of the deep sea. The deep ocean i ...
... identified and more precautionary measures have been recommended (Auster et al., 2011). A significant problem with the identification of VMEs, such as octocoral habitat, is the lack of information on the geographic distribution of benthic communities throughout much of the deep sea. The deep ocean i ...
Quantifying the Cenozoic marine diatom
... transition between the late Eocene and the early Oligocene (from ca. 35 to 31 Ma), diatom abundance peaked (Fig. 3) at the high latitudes (Fig. 4), with a main deposition locus in the southern Atlantic (Salamy and Zachos, 1999; Diekmann et al., 2004). Six Myr after this event, a smaller abundance pe ...
... transition between the late Eocene and the early Oligocene (from ca. 35 to 31 Ma), diatom abundance peaked (Fig. 3) at the high latitudes (Fig. 4), with a main deposition locus in the southern Atlantic (Salamy and Zachos, 1999; Diekmann et al., 2004). Six Myr after this event, a smaller abundance pe ...
The Relationship between Land–Ocean Surface Temperature
... heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uniform radiative forcing, we might expect LSTs to move ...
... heat capacity of the ocean is much larger than that of the land. LC07 suggested that the processes governing relaxation cause heat transport anomaly between the land and ocean surfaces. For example, if a GCM is perturbed by applying a globally uniform radiative forcing, we might expect LSTs to move ...
earth science 140 - College of DuPage
... Relate the angle of solar energy receipt to the patterns of sea surface temperature (SST). Also relate the angles of solar energy receipt to the patterns of light distribution with increasing depth that you learned in the previous unit. ...
... Relate the angle of solar energy receipt to the patterns of sea surface temperature (SST). Also relate the angles of solar energy receipt to the patterns of light distribution with increasing depth that you learned in the previous unit. ...
Workshop Brochure
... The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. ...
... The Joint International Workshop of OCCOS and CHOICE-C will bring together expertise and successful experience from the first international workshop of OCCOS (Ocean and Climate Changes Observed from Space) held in Dec. 2008 and the first international workshop on coastal ocean carbon cycling in Mar. ...
U4-T2.2-Convection and a Moving Seafloor
... If the asthenosphere is in fact moving as a result of convection, then Holmes suggested that convection could be the mechanism responsible for plate tectonics. Harry Hess was influenced by Holmes’ ideas, and suggested that deep within the asthenosphere, heated material expands, becomes less dens ...
... If the asthenosphere is in fact moving as a result of convection, then Holmes suggested that convection could be the mechanism responsible for plate tectonics. Harry Hess was influenced by Holmes’ ideas, and suggested that deep within the asthenosphere, heated material expands, becomes less dens ...
The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System:
... GCOOS also supports a coastal monitoring subsystem, Central Gulf Observing System (CenGOOS), operated by the University of Southern Mississippi. This system is critical to monitoring the hypoxic, or low oxygen, zone caused annually at the mouth of the Mississippi River by excess nutrient runoff from ...
... GCOOS also supports a coastal monitoring subsystem, Central Gulf Observing System (CenGOOS), operated by the University of Southern Mississippi. This system is critical to monitoring the hypoxic, or low oxygen, zone caused annually at the mouth of the Mississippi River by excess nutrient runoff from ...
The Oceanic Phosphorus Cycle - Center for Microbial Oceanography
... apatite and other minerals and P adsorbed to iron-manganese oxide/oxyhydroxides. This particulate load is deposited quickly in estuarine and coastal shelf environments and does not contribute directly to the P pool available to marine biota.39 However, clay particles with iron and aluminum oxyhydrox ...
... apatite and other minerals and P adsorbed to iron-manganese oxide/oxyhydroxides. This particulate load is deposited quickly in estuarine and coastal shelf environments and does not contribute directly to the P pool available to marine biota.39 However, clay particles with iron and aluminum oxyhydrox ...
Pedro DiNezio: Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global
... winds (Vecchi et al. 2008). This study showed that fully coupled models, which allow for changes in ocean heat flux divergence, simulate a smaller SST increase in the equatorial cold tongue. In contrast, models where the ocean heat flux divergence is prescribed show a clear El Niño–like response. T ...
... winds (Vecchi et al. 2008). This study showed that fully coupled models, which allow for changes in ocean heat flux divergence, simulate a smaller SST increase in the equatorial cold tongue. In contrast, models where the ocean heat flux divergence is prescribed show a clear El Niño–like response. T ...
Irish Ocean Climate and Ecosystem Status Report 2009
... • The oceans water is becoming acidified (lowering of pH) as a consequence of manmade carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. • Absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the oceans has mitigated climate change but lowered the pH of the oceans. This ocean acidification will continue in respon ...
... • The oceans water is becoming acidified (lowering of pH) as a consequence of manmade carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere. • Absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the oceans has mitigated climate change but lowered the pH of the oceans. This ocean acidification will continue in respon ...
Divergent Boundaries Undersea mountains forty
... – A continental rise is a thick accumulation of sediment from the continental slope • These sediments are typically carried by turbidity currents (mixtures of sediment and water) down ...
... – A continental rise is a thick accumulation of sediment from the continental slope • These sediments are typically carried by turbidity currents (mixtures of sediment and water) down ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.