Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Framework for
... volumes. Changes in land use have occurred with increasing surfaces being cleared for urban and agricultural development. Concurrently, substantial increases in air temperature have been observed during the 20th and 21st centuries. Computer models representing the climate system have been used to es ...
... volumes. Changes in land use have occurred with increasing surfaces being cleared for urban and agricultural development. Concurrently, substantial increases in air temperature have been observed during the 20th and 21st centuries. Computer models representing the climate system have been used to es ...
Can terrestrial ectotherms escape the heat of climate change by
... Figure 1. The fitness curve (showing CTmin, Topt and CTmax) for a representative location in coastal Ecuador (1.24960 S, 80.083660 W), the tropical location for which directed movement is most advantageous. We show the seasonal and diurnal temperature variation for both the late-twentieth century (1 ...
... Figure 1. The fitness curve (showing CTmin, Topt and CTmax) for a representative location in coastal Ecuador (1.24960 S, 80.083660 W), the tropical location for which directed movement is most advantageous. We show the seasonal and diurnal temperature variation for both the late-twentieth century (1 ...
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... remains unchanged, as represented by (PH, CM), because of greater uncertainty in terms of the stock size. In this more risky state of the world with climate change additional management measures, such as improved monitoring at sea, may be required. Similarly, in the R1 state of the world a low proba ...
... remains unchanged, as represented by (PH, CM), because of greater uncertainty in terms of the stock size. In this more risky state of the world with climate change additional management measures, such as improved monitoring at sea, may be required. Similarly, in the R1 state of the world a low proba ...
English - Inter-American Development Bank
... Quito, Ecuador; and Bogotá, Colombia—were covered with ice until approximately 12,000 years ago. And many of today’s deserts were once covered by lush forests. In these cases, transformations were due to natural phenomena. But today, climate changes aren’t just coming from natural causes; they are a ...
... Quito, Ecuador; and Bogotá, Colombia—were covered with ice until approximately 12,000 years ago. And many of today’s deserts were once covered by lush forests. In these cases, transformations were due to natural phenomena. But today, climate changes aren’t just coming from natural causes; they are a ...
Dialogue on Long Term Persistence
... The three participants gave different answers on the key question of this Climate Dialogue, namely of the warming in the past 150 years is significant or not. They used different methods to answer the question. Benestad is most confident that both the changes in land and sea temperatures are signifi ...
... The three participants gave different answers on the key question of this Climate Dialogue, namely of the warming in the past 150 years is significant or not. They used different methods to answer the question. Benestad is most confident that both the changes in land and sea temperatures are signifi ...
Making Climate Data Relevant to Decision Making: The important
... adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-groun ...
... adaptation planning. However, a major gap exists between the well-developed state of climate science and decision-makers preparing for a future climate. There is no shortage of scientific data that has been produced about climate change, but very little of this information is relevant to onthe-groun ...
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... exception of Antarctica). These regions are called food production units (FPUs). Production and demand relationships in countries are linked through international trade flows. The model simulates growth in crop production, determined by crop and input prices, externally determined rates of productiv ...
... exception of Antarctica). These regions are called food production units (FPUs). Production and demand relationships in countries are linked through international trade flows. The model simulates growth in crop production, determined by crop and input prices, externally determined rates of productiv ...
City of North Vancouver Climate Change Adaptation Plan
... Judging the success of climate change adaptation can be difficult because it is never over and deals with uncertain future events. Therefore, rather than aiming for a specific endpoint, the goals of adaptation are to increase the City’s resilience and to reduce the risks of climate change. Resilienc ...
... Judging the success of climate change adaptation can be difficult because it is never over and deals with uncertain future events. Therefore, rather than aiming for a specific endpoint, the goals of adaptation are to increase the City’s resilience and to reduce the risks of climate change. Resilienc ...
... throughout the world (Mizuta et al., 2006; Randall et al., 2007; Vera and Silvestri, 2009; Blázquez and Nuñez, 2012a; Cavalcanti and Shimizu, 2012; Rupp et al., 2013; Grose et al., 2014; Gulizia and Camilloni 2015, among others). Nevertheless, their performance deteriorates when looking at finer tem ...
... 2004; Gero et al ., 2006; Ray et al ., 2006; Betts et al ., 2007; Costa et al ., 2007; Abiodun et al ., 2008; Klingman et al ., 2008; Lee et al ., 2008; Nuñez et al ., 2008; Kvalevåg et al , 2010; Hu et al ., 2010), and global climate (Franchito and Rao, 1992; Wu and Raman, 1997; DeFries et al ., ...
Accessing and Using Climate Data and Information in Fragile, Data
... interest. The climatology is typically calculated using data for a continuous 30-year period known as the Standard Climate Normal. The climate system consists of separate components of the Earth that interact to influence the climate of a region. While the atmosphere is the most important component, ...
... interest. The climatology is typically calculated using data for a continuous 30-year period known as the Standard Climate Normal. The climate system consists of separate components of the Earth that interact to influence the climate of a region. While the atmosphere is the most important component, ...
Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Community
... wind over a period of time, ranging from months to millions of years. The classical period often referred to in climate change studies is 30 years (Hananh et al., 2005). Climate change is largely attributed to both natural and anthropogenic factors (IPCC, 1996, 2007b). Natural factors such as solar ...
... wind over a period of time, ranging from months to millions of years. The classical period often referred to in climate change studies is 30 years (Hananh et al., 2005). Climate change is largely attributed to both natural and anthropogenic factors (IPCC, 1996, 2007b). Natural factors such as solar ...
Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
... also objectively evaluate the ability of climate models to simulate observed climate change, assess the role of external factors versus climate variability in observed climate change, and enable prediction of future climate change that is grounded in changes observed so far.5,6 Before discussing mod ...
Developing a climate change analysis
... knowledge so that these past events end up looking more predictable than they actually were. So a statement such as ‘up to 10 years ago, we always had good rains and they always arrived without fail at the beginning of every October’ may well contains both types of bias. b) Using extreme or atypi ...
... knowledge so that these past events end up looking more predictable than they actually were. So a statement such as ‘up to 10 years ago, we always had good rains and they always arrived without fail at the beginning of every October’ may well contains both types of bias. b) Using extreme or atypi ...
Mayors Adapt - EN Political Commitment
... WHEREAS the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has confirmed in its Fifth Assessment Report that Human activities are continuing to affect the Earth’s climate; WHEREAS the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Economic and Social Committee an ...
... WHEREAS the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has confirmed in its Fifth Assessment Report that Human activities are continuing to affect the Earth’s climate; WHEREAS the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Economic and Social Committee an ...
Document
... Report (FAR) in 2007,1 the debate about climate change has shifted. That the earth has entered a period of significant climate change is no longer disputed. Nearly all climate scientists – and even a highly skeptical (if not downright cynical) President of the United States2 – now agree that anthrop ...
... Report (FAR) in 2007,1 the debate about climate change has shifted. That the earth has entered a period of significant climate change is no longer disputed. Nearly all climate scientists – and even a highly skeptical (if not downright cynical) President of the United States2 – now agree that anthrop ...
Quantification of hydrologic impacts of climate change in a
... Figure 2. (a) Land cover and (b) soil texture maps used as input for the tRIBS model. In (b), the boundaries of 20 sub-basins are also reported along with the stream network. ...
... Figure 2. (a) Land cover and (b) soil texture maps used as input for the tRIBS model. In (b), the boundaries of 20 sub-basins are also reported along with the stream network. ...
Tropical reforestation and climate change
... gradients (Carnus et al. 2006). Furthermore, biodiversity sustained by reforestation has the potential to improve the climate resilience of ecosystem services such as crop pollination and pest control, as well as increasing future options and as-yet-unknown benefits (e.g. from drug discovery), altho ...
... gradients (Carnus et al. 2006). Furthermore, biodiversity sustained by reforestation has the potential to improve the climate resilience of ecosystem services such as crop pollination and pest control, as well as increasing future options and as-yet-unknown benefits (e.g. from drug discovery), altho ...
Climate Change & Resource Development Scenarios for the
... the Nechako Watershed Alliance (NWA)1. Although the previous research led to many discoveries related to climate and resource development impacts, it also identified a need for a more comprehenseive assessment of future interactions between climate change and natural resource development. This reali ...
... the Nechako Watershed Alliance (NWA)1. Although the previous research led to many discoveries related to climate and resource development impacts, it also identified a need for a more comprehenseive assessment of future interactions between climate change and natural resource development. This reali ...
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... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
... century is very likely (more than a 90% chance) due to observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007, WG1). ■ “There is strong evidence that the warming of the Earth over the last half-century has been caused largely by hum ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... towards unearthing and documenting the experiences of the villagers to form recommendations that can be used by villagers who will experience similar relocation due to sea-level-rise. This research forms a key element to tackle the adverse impacts of climate change by proactively learning about clim ...
... towards unearthing and documenting the experiences of the villagers to form recommendations that can be used by villagers who will experience similar relocation due to sea-level-rise. This research forms a key element to tackle the adverse impacts of climate change by proactively learning about clim ...
T - Climate Investment Funds
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
... yearly in the impact of climate extreme events on the Jamaican economy (Table 1). But it is also true when the climate change is more gradual i.e. over decades or longer. There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that Jamaica’s climate has changed in the recent past. There is equally strong sci ...
the Migration as Adaptation briefing.
... degrees Celsius (IPCC, 2007), thoughts should turn from not only stemming green house gas emissions (mitigation), but also how to deal with an already altered world (adaptation). As the concept of adaptation gains more traction, it has evolved to mean many different things (Orlove, 2009). One of the ...
... degrees Celsius (IPCC, 2007), thoughts should turn from not only stemming green house gas emissions (mitigation), but also how to deal with an already altered world (adaptation). As the concept of adaptation gains more traction, it has evolved to mean many different things (Orlove, 2009). One of the ...
The Rules of the Game
... These reports have already drawn together the majority of the evidence base on behaviour change and the communication of sustainable development issues. Rather than duplicate the effort and insight of these experts, we have stood upon their shoulders to create this applicable set of principles for ...
... These reports have already drawn together the majority of the evidence base on behaviour change and the communication of sustainable development issues. Rather than duplicate the effort and insight of these experts, we have stood upon their shoulders to create this applicable set of principles for ...
The Climate Deception Dossiers - Union of Concerned Scientists
... scientific data had confirmed humans’ role in climate change (Figure 2). It was also in 1988 that the United Nations formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the U.S. Congress introduced the National Energy Policy Act of 1988 in an effort to reduce emissions of heat-trapping g ...
... scientific data had confirmed humans’ role in climate change (Figure 2). It was also in 1988 that the United Nations formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the U.S. Congress introduced the National Energy Policy Act of 1988 in an effort to reduce emissions of heat-trapping g ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.