Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 11 new studies and 17 experiments (involving more than 44 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
... in the IAMs. This was not done, despite there having been, since January 1, 2011, at least 11 new studies and 17 experiments (involving more than 44 researchers) examining the ECS, each lowering the best estimate and tightening the error distribution about that estimate. Instead, the IWG wrote in it ...
Booth et al. 2013. CC Adaptation to Protect Biodiversity
... This paper describes a method to assess at a regional scale conditions and trends in key environmental, social and economic factors of importance to conservation issues. These data summarize the dynamics of agro-ecological and socio-economic change. The condition and trend information are used in a ...
... This paper describes a method to assess at a regional scale conditions and trends in key environmental, social and economic factors of importance to conservation issues. These data summarize the dynamics of agro-ecological and socio-economic change. The condition and trend information are used in a ...
Educator Guide - The Field Museum
... 1. What are some actions you can take to lower CO2 emissions and curb climate change? Driving less; purchasing fewer new products; reducing garbage; avoiding bottled water; limiting disposable containers; eating more fruits, grains and vegetables; taking showers, not baths. 2. What are some featur ...
... 1. What are some actions you can take to lower CO2 emissions and curb climate change? Driving less; purchasing fewer new products; reducing garbage; avoiding bottled water; limiting disposable containers; eating more fruits, grains and vegetables; taking showers, not baths. 2. What are some featur ...
Public Enemy No. 1? Understanding Media Representations of
... rising once more.” Author Seth Borenstein (2009) quoted climate scientist Ken Caldeira, who asserted, “To talk about global cooling at the end of the hottest decade the planet has experienced in many thousands of years is ridiculous.” Nonetheless, a few days later, in a piece called “The Earth Cools ...
... rising once more.” Author Seth Borenstein (2009) quoted climate scientist Ken Caldeira, who asserted, “To talk about global cooling at the end of the hottest decade the planet has experienced in many thousands of years is ridiculous.” Nonetheless, a few days later, in a piece called “The Earth Cools ...
Increasing bioenergy production on arable land - CLM
... heat flux cause strong local evaporative cooling in the summer months, whereas the associated regional cooling effect is pronounced by increases in cloud cover. The changes on a regional scale are marginal and not significant. Increasing bioenergy production on arable land may result in local temperatu ...
... heat flux cause strong local evaporative cooling in the summer months, whereas the associated regional cooling effect is pronounced by increases in cloud cover. The changes on a regional scale are marginal and not significant. Increasing bioenergy production on arable land may result in local temperatu ...
GENERAL Climate Change, Water and Policy-making in
... Mediterranean from high-resolution regional climate models give clear scientific backing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections for the region. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC predicts that, for the southern and eastern Mediterranean, warming over the 21st cent ...
... Mediterranean from high-resolution regional climate models give clear scientific backing to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections for the region. In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC predicts that, for the southern and eastern Mediterranean, warming over the 21st cent ...
Value of information for climate observing systems
... (city) to regional (continent) to global. As a result, weather prediction VOI metrics are not directly applicable to climate prediction. The problem of decade to century time scale climate science VOI is sufficiently daunting and complex that it has remained largely unexplored. Most climate-related ...
... (city) to regional (continent) to global. As a result, weather prediction VOI metrics are not directly applicable to climate prediction. The problem of decade to century time scale climate science VOI is sufficiently daunting and complex that it has remained largely unexplored. Most climate-related ...
Barriers to Effective Climate Change Adaptation
... Australian utilities have developed approaches to the immediate challenges posed by climate change, and are continuing to develop strategies for the long term impacts of climate change. Approaches include: responding to water scarcity with infrastructure investment programs, water conservation and e ...
... Australian utilities have developed approaches to the immediate challenges posed by climate change, and are continuing to develop strategies for the long term impacts of climate change. Approaches include: responding to water scarcity with infrastructure investment programs, water conservation and e ...
china book final:china book final
... and B2 scenarios. The purpose of the simulation is to analyze the climate change over Western China, especially in the Northwestern China and the Tibetan Plateau region. Some simulations have been conducted to provide a scientific base for estimating the melting of permafrost zone where the Qinghai- ...
... and B2 scenarios. The purpose of the simulation is to analyze the climate change over Western China, especially in the Northwestern China and the Tibetan Plateau region. Some simulations have been conducted to provide a scientific base for estimating the melting of permafrost zone where the Qinghai- ...
Climate Change pdf
... Previous investment through Farm and Community Water Grants offered by state and commonwealth governments has resulted in improved self-sufficiency for water supplies within the region. Investment through the Community Water Grants resulted in a 60% reduction in the 0.5 GL of water applied to parks ...
... Previous investment through Farm and Community Water Grants offered by state and commonwealth governments has resulted in improved self-sufficiency for water supplies within the region. Investment through the Community Water Grants resulted in a 60% reduction in the 0.5 GL of water applied to parks ...
Ground surface temperature scenarios in complex high
... [11] The main distinction between the two approaches is that the bias approach considers, whereas the delta approach ignores, a possible change in variability. [12] Variables from the RCM results in this study included 2 m temperature, precipitation, global radiation, and air pressure. Because we ne ...
... [11] The main distinction between the two approaches is that the bias approach considers, whereas the delta approach ignores, a possible change in variability. [12] Variables from the RCM results in this study included 2 m temperature, precipitation, global radiation, and air pressure. Because we ne ...
Adaptation Work Programme Points for Discussion
... conflicts and promote such an approach in the UN system, • through improving the capacity of national authorities and relevant organizations, information management, early warning and ...
... conflicts and promote such an approach in the UN system, • through improving the capacity of national authorities and relevant organizations, information management, early warning and ...
Climate Change and Cities in Africa
... Capacity: “The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals…Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills ...
... Capacity: “The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals…Capacity may include infrastructure and physical means, institutions, societal coping abilities, as well as human knowledge, skills ...
A Self-Assessment to Address Climate Change Readiness
... Communities!within!the!Midwest!have!and!always!will!be!impacted!by!climate,!whether!it!is!an! extreme!rainfall!event,!drought,!intense!heat!wave,!or!some!other!type!of!event.!!Climatologists! have!found!that!the!climate!in!the!Midwest!may!be!shifting.!!This!shift!may!include!more! frequent!extreme!s ...
... Communities!within!the!Midwest!have!and!always!will!be!impacted!by!climate,!whether!it!is!an! extreme!rainfall!event,!drought,!intense!heat!wave,!or!some!other!type!of!event.!!Climatologists! have!found!that!the!climate!in!the!Midwest!may!be!shifting.!!This!shift!may!include!more! frequent!extreme!s ...
impact of climate change on agriculture: empirical evidence from
... devastating in South Asia and may result 50 percent reduction in wheat productivity by 2050 (MoE, 2009). Pakistan’s agriculture is endangered by the whims of Climate Change. Pakistan is an agriculture country as 47 percent of people make their living by agriculture. This sector contributes 21 percen ...
... devastating in South Asia and may result 50 percent reduction in wheat productivity by 2050 (MoE, 2009). Pakistan’s agriculture is endangered by the whims of Climate Change. Pakistan is an agriculture country as 47 percent of people make their living by agriculture. This sector contributes 21 percen ...
Forecasting the End of Climate Change Litigation: Why Expert
... of the fact that previous litigation in this area has been easily disposed of under federal law. Part III defines and explains the scientific models that may have been used in those cases and models that could be used in future similar cases. It first describes the makeup and function of a scientif ...
... of the fact that previous litigation in this area has been easily disposed of under federal law. Part III defines and explains the scientific models that may have been used in those cases and models that could be used in future similar cases. It first describes the makeup and function of a scientif ...
Making climate hot - Center for Science and Technology Policy
... resulting temperature increase would be steep over the twenty-first century but would then level off. In either case, CO2 concentrations would reach levels far higher than at present or at any time over the last 740,000 years. (See L. Augustin et al., “Eight Glacial Cycles from an Antarctic Ice Core ...
... resulting temperature increase would be steep over the twenty-first century but would then level off. In either case, CO2 concentrations would reach levels far higher than at present or at any time over the last 740,000 years. (See L. Augustin et al., “Eight Glacial Cycles from an Antarctic Ice Core ...
Now more than ever: The need for more societally
... scientific capacity, technical expertise and widespread, [decision] scale-relevant climate change and vulnerability information,’’ thus producing a situation where the US at this time is rapidly entering ‘‘into an era of climate change consequences for which the country is ill-equipped’’ (Moser, 2009 ...
... scientific capacity, technical expertise and widespread, [decision] scale-relevant climate change and vulnerability information,’’ thus producing a situation where the US at this time is rapidly entering ‘‘into an era of climate change consequences for which the country is ill-equipped’’ (Moser, 2009 ...
Psychological research and global climate change
... education or knowledge and has not grown along with the scientific consensus12,13. It is important to understand why people do or do not endorse the need to address climate change, especially in countries with relatively low levels of agreement 14,15. Psychological research shows that much diversity ...
... education or knowledge and has not grown along with the scientific consensus12,13. It is important to understand why people do or do not endorse the need to address climate change, especially in countries with relatively low levels of agreement 14,15. Psychological research shows that much diversity ...
PDF
... carbon dioxide, have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution, mostly from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes, and transportation. Carbon dioxide levels are at their highest in at least 650,000 years and continue to rise. There is no doubt that climate will c ...
... carbon dioxide, have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution, mostly from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes, and transportation. Carbon dioxide levels are at their highest in at least 650,000 years and continue to rise. There is no doubt that climate will c ...
to the Program - International Conference on Climate
... those conferences, making a powerful case that the human impact on climate is small, future changes are uncertain, and there is little humans can do to change the weather. Climate “realists” won that debate. Today, surveys show most Americans don’t believe climate change is a due to human activities ...
... those conferences, making a powerful case that the human impact on climate is small, future changes are uncertain, and there is little humans can do to change the weather. Climate “realists” won that debate. Today, surveys show most Americans don’t believe climate change is a due to human activities ...
Climate Change 2007. IPCC WG2
... • increases in algal and zooplankton abundance in high-latitude and high-altitude lakes [1.3]; • range changes and earlier migrations of fish in rivers [1.3]. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units [IPCC Wor ...
... • increases in algal and zooplankton abundance in high-latitude and high-altitude lakes [1.3]; • range changes and earlier migrations of fish in rivers [1.3]. The uptake of anthropogenic carbon since 1750 has led to the ocean becoming more acidic with an average decrease in pH of 0.1 units [IPCC Wor ...
global warming - Libertarian Alliance
... There are further problems with the Jones and Wigley (and Hansen) temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are b ...
... There are further problems with the Jones and Wigley (and Hansen) temperature records. The most accurate measures of global temperatures are those due to satellites. They measure the temperature of the lower atmosphere to an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 degrees centigrade. Their measurements are b ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
... the calculation. Sub-grid processes are one of the main sources of uncertainty in climate models. There are currently around 20 complex climate models, which are under continuous development by national modelling centres like NASA, the UK Met Office and the Beijing Climate Center. In order to be abl ...
... the calculation. Sub-grid processes are one of the main sources of uncertainty in climate models. There are currently around 20 complex climate models, which are under continuous development by national modelling centres like NASA, the UK Met Office and the Beijing Climate Center. In order to be abl ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.