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... the world decides this is desirable. […] Similarly, aiming for a lower stabilisation trajectory may be a sensible hedging strategy, as it is easier to adjust upwards to a higher trajectory than downwards to a lower one.” The objective of this paper is to provide a policy-relevant answer to the issue ...
... the world decides this is desirable. […] Similarly, aiming for a lower stabilisation trajectory may be a sensible hedging strategy, as it is easier to adjust upwards to a higher trajectory than downwards to a lower one.” The objective of this paper is to provide a policy-relevant answer to the issue ...
A Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the Kickapoo Tribe
... than 10ȗF, depending on the emissions scenario. In the southern portion of the Great Plains region, conditions are expected to become drier, although precipitation projections are more uncertain than temperature projections. Extreme weather events such as heat ...
... than 10ȗF, depending on the emissions scenario. In the southern portion of the Great Plains region, conditions are expected to become drier, although precipitation projections are more uncertain than temperature projections. Extreme weather events such as heat ...
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... 2007). These resulting effects depend on the complex relationships between climate change and agriculture that involve climatic and environmental aspects (physical effects) and social and economic responses. At the global level, the economic implication of changes in agricultural production highligh ...
... 2007). These resulting effects depend on the complex relationships between climate change and agriculture that involve climatic and environmental aspects (physical effects) and social and economic responses. At the global level, the economic implication of changes in agricultural production highligh ...
Responding to Threats of Climate Change Mega
... Response is further hindered by the fact that climate change mega-catastrophes are more often characterized by ignorance than uncertainty. That is, not only do we not know the probability of a particular mega-catastrophe occurring, we do not even know many of the possible outcomes. With this in mind ...
... Response is further hindered by the fact that climate change mega-catastrophes are more often characterized by ignorance than uncertainty. That is, not only do we not know the probability of a particular mega-catastrophe occurring, we do not even know many of the possible outcomes. With this in mind ...
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of Viet Nam
... component includes both unconditional and conditional contributions. The unconditional contributions are measures that will be implemented using domestic resources, while the conditional contributions are measures that could be implemented if new and additional international financial support, tech ...
... component includes both unconditional and conditional contributions. The unconditional contributions are measures that will be implemented using domestic resources, while the conditional contributions are measures that could be implemented if new and additional international financial support, tech ...
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... $27/tCO2 eq is applied to all sectors in all Annex I regions along with a global forest carbon sequestration subsidy. They find that such a policy scenario increases poverty in 11 out of the 14 countries in their sample. The foregoing discussion raises the interesting possibility, noted by (Hertel a ...
... $27/tCO2 eq is applied to all sectors in all Annex I regions along with a global forest carbon sequestration subsidy. They find that such a policy scenario increases poverty in 11 out of the 14 countries in their sample. The foregoing discussion raises the interesting possibility, noted by (Hertel a ...
The geography of climate change: implications
... the coarse cell size of raw climate model data. Climate surfaces are interpolated, gridded representations of historical or future climate data that provide the basis for spatial analyses of changing climate patterns. In this study, we use the PRISM data set for the continental United States for ana ...
... the coarse cell size of raw climate model data. Climate surfaces are interpolated, gridded representations of historical or future climate data that provide the basis for spatial analyses of changing climate patterns. In this study, we use the PRISM data set for the continental United States for ana ...
Meteorologists` Views About Global Warming: A Survey of American
... change. In a survey of Earth scientists, Doran and Zimmerman (2009) found that, while a majority of meteorologists surveyed are convinced humans have contributed to global warming (GW; 64%), this was a substantially smaller majority than that found among all Earth scientists (82%). Another survey, b ...
... change. In a survey of Earth scientists, Doran and Zimmerman (2009) found that, while a majority of meteorologists surveyed are convinced humans have contributed to global warming (GW; 64%), this was a substantially smaller majority than that found among all Earth scientists (82%). Another survey, b ...
![geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002432622_1-c2d3ec4f8d07362a922414ec3ed7a70c-300x300.png)
geneva dialogues 7.4.11[1]. - Graduate Institute of International and
... State(s) actually engaged in the activity? If the former, is the climate change regime the appropriate embodiment of ‘the international community’ for the purpose of representative decision-making on whether to engage in geoengineering, even if particular methods are (also) regulated by particular t ...
... State(s) actually engaged in the activity? If the former, is the climate change regime the appropriate embodiment of ‘the international community’ for the purpose of representative decision-making on whether to engage in geoengineering, even if particular methods are (also) regulated by particular t ...
Ethics, equity and the economics of climate change. Paper 1: science and philosophy: Working Paper 84a (568 kB) (opens in new window)
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established by the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to bring together international expertise on economics, finance, geography, the environment, international development and political economy to create ...
... The Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment was established by the London School of Economics and Political Science in 2008 to bring together international expertise on economics, finance, geography, the environment, international development and political economy to create ...
Challenging the current climate change – migration nexus: exploring
... change is often correlated with the change of seasons or a-typical weather patterns. These quantitative results are in line with our own taken from interviews as they share the general tendency to frame the abstract entity climate change by way of more concrete and experienced phenomena. However, a ...
... change is often correlated with the change of seasons or a-typical weather patterns. These quantitative results are in line with our own taken from interviews as they share the general tendency to frame the abstract entity climate change by way of more concrete and experienced phenomena. However, a ...
Navigating scales of knowledge and decision
... spatial, temporal, jurisdictional, and institutional scales of a problem. For example, climate information developed and presented at a national level of spatial scale can be so broad that it may not apply well to local-level decisions. Whether or not information is credible relates to users’ percep ...
... spatial, temporal, jurisdictional, and institutional scales of a problem. For example, climate information developed and presented at a national level of spatial scale can be so broad that it may not apply well to local-level decisions. Whether or not information is credible relates to users’ percep ...
the journal Nature Climate Change
... and the atmospheric circulation will help most to narrow the uncertainty. In the extratropics, relatively large internal variability introduces substantial uncertainty, while exacerbating risks associated with extreme events. Large ensemble simulations are essential to estimate the probabilistic dis ...
... and the atmospheric circulation will help most to narrow the uncertainty. In the extratropics, relatively large internal variability introduces substantial uncertainty, while exacerbating risks associated with extreme events. Large ensemble simulations are essential to estimate the probabilistic dis ...
PDF
... Abstract: Increasingly, empirical evidences are substantiating the effects of climate change on agricultural production is a reality. In the early part of the 20th century many were skeptical about the so-called climate change that is due to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Cha ...
... Abstract: Increasingly, empirical evidences are substantiating the effects of climate change on agricultural production is a reality. In the early part of the 20th century many were skeptical about the so-called climate change that is due to global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Cha ...
Scientific Shortcomings in the EPA`s Endangerment
... EPA’s technical support document, which is based upon the CCSP and AR4 reports. As a result, the TSD purports to synthesize “major findings from the best available scientific assessments that have gone through rigorous and transparent peer review” (EPA 2009b). This is hardly the case. In peer review ...
... EPA’s technical support document, which is based upon the CCSP and AR4 reports. As a result, the TSD purports to synthesize “major findings from the best available scientific assessments that have gone through rigorous and transparent peer review” (EPA 2009b). This is hardly the case. In peer review ...
Scientific Shortcomings in the EPA’s Endangerment Finding from Greenhouse Gases
... EPA’s technical support document, which is based upon the CCSP and AR4 reports. As a result, the TSD purports to synthesize “major findings from the best available scientific assessments that have gone through rigorous and transparent peer review” (EPA 2009b). This is hardly the case. In peer review ...
... EPA’s technical support document, which is based upon the CCSP and AR4 reports. As a result, the TSD purports to synthesize “major findings from the best available scientific assessments that have gone through rigorous and transparent peer review” (EPA 2009b). This is hardly the case. In peer review ...
magnitude and frequency
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
View/Download - National Gender and Equality Commission
... youth. The two-year Lima work programme comes to an end during COP 22 and there is anxiety on whether it would be renewed and the elements of such renewal. b) New and innovative solutions to mitigate against climate change and increase women’s and youths adaptive capacity Representatives from the Af ...
... youth. The two-year Lima work programme comes to an end during COP 22 and there is anxiety on whether it would be renewed and the elements of such renewal. b) New and innovative solutions to mitigate against climate change and increase women’s and youths adaptive capacity Representatives from the Af ...
here - Resilient Cities
... Centre for Earth Systems Engineering Research, Newcastle University - United Kingdom Researcher in Climate Impact Assessment Newcastle University is a member of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in the UK, and are leaders on the Cities research theme. For almost a decade, researchers in ...
... Centre for Earth Systems Engineering Research, Newcastle University - United Kingdom Researcher in Climate Impact Assessment Newcastle University is a member of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in the UK, and are leaders on the Cities research theme. For almost a decade, researchers in ...
Dealing with the uncertainties of climate engineering
... stratospheric aerosols could not adequately be determined in advance (e.g., with the help of experimental simulations). (e) Polytely. As a deployment of stratospheric aerosols would have global effects, yet would involve regional variabilities, there would be winners and losers. Therefore, the goals ...
... stratospheric aerosols could not adequately be determined in advance (e.g., with the help of experimental simulations). (e) Polytely. As a deployment of stratospheric aerosols would have global effects, yet would involve regional variabilities, there would be winners and losers. Therefore, the goals ...
Toward Climate Resilience - Union of Concerned Scientists
... communities from every period of drought, from mild to severe, they identified the portfolio of actions that would minimize the number of years in which reduced stream flow would harm those communities (Groves et al. 2013). Robust decisions do not eliminate all risk. But they give communities and de ...
... communities from every period of drought, from mild to severe, they identified the portfolio of actions that would minimize the number of years in which reduced stream flow would harm those communities (Groves et al. 2013). Robust decisions do not eliminate all risk. But they give communities and de ...
Comments on EPA/NHTSA proposed rule on tailpipe standards [get
... that drive the model results. For IAMs in general, including FUND, PAGE, and DICE in particular, the software and model relationships are often less decisive than the data inputs in shaping the results. Extensive experiments with DICE by a range of researchers have shown that with small, reasonable ...
... that drive the model results. For IAMs in general, including FUND, PAGE, and DICE in particular, the software and model relationships are often less decisive than the data inputs in shaping the results. Extensive experiments with DICE by a range of researchers have shown that with small, reasonable ...
Microsoft Word
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
Establishing Accountability for Climate Change Damages: Lessons
... global warming even in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that it is accelerating at an alarming rate and poses a myriad of public health and environmental dangers. Not only has the fossil fuel industry taken a page from the tobacco industry’s playbook in its efforts to defeat action on cl ...
... global warming even in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence that it is accelerating at an alarming rate and poses a myriad of public health and environmental dangers. Not only has the fossil fuel industry taken a page from the tobacco industry’s playbook in its efforts to defeat action on cl ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.