A P R
... discussions on the issue appear to have favored facilitative approaches as evidenced by the introduction of the international assessment and review (IAR) and international consultation and analysis (ICA) processes (Oberthür, 2014). Rather than relying on enforcement principles such as negative incen ...
... discussions on the issue appear to have favored facilitative approaches as evidenced by the introduction of the international assessment and review (IAR) and international consultation and analysis (ICA) processes (Oberthür, 2014). Rather than relying on enforcement principles such as negative incen ...
decacal climate prediction: opportunities and challenges.
... changes are also needed for predictions. Estimates of future emissions of radiatively important pollutants are needed for making predictions, as well as modeling capabilities to accurately simulate both how these pollutants affect the global energy, carbon and sulfur cycles, and how the climate syst ...
... changes are also needed for predictions. Estimates of future emissions of radiatively important pollutants are needed for making predictions, as well as modeling capabilities to accurately simulate both how these pollutants affect the global energy, carbon and sulfur cycles, and how the climate syst ...
Draft Risk Assessment Framework Outline
... 1. Use existing information required by the NBIP to develop an initial inventory of bridge assets, including other non-highway bridge assets using available regional, state, and local records. Consider data such as average daily traffic, length/width of bridge, scour criticality, and the bridge’s su ...
... 1. Use existing information required by the NBIP to develop an initial inventory of bridge assets, including other non-highway bridge assets using available regional, state, and local records. Consider data such as average daily traffic, length/width of bridge, scour criticality, and the bridge’s su ...
PDF
... and all kind of services disruptions, changes in consumers’ habits, etc. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recognizes the detrimental consequences of climate change but under-sizes the SLR’s consequences. For Burbidge (2013 p.189)) “precipitation and storm patterns are expected in ...
... and all kind of services disruptions, changes in consumers’ habits, etc. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recognizes the detrimental consequences of climate change but under-sizes the SLR’s consequences. For Burbidge (2013 p.189)) “precipitation and storm patterns are expected in ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMICS OF CATASTROPHIC CLIMATE CHANGE
... tail probabilities of high- T outcomes, but translating this via ambiguous local and seasonal weather consequences combined with unknown adaptation capabilities into aggregated utility-equivalent units for people living a century or two from now introduces enormous further fuzziness. When such futur ...
... tail probabilities of high- T outcomes, but translating this via ambiguous local and seasonal weather consequences combined with unknown adaptation capabilities into aggregated utility-equivalent units for people living a century or two from now introduces enormous further fuzziness. When such futur ...
Climate policy implications of the hiatus in global warming
... The fact that CO2 emissions lead to changes in the atmospheric carbon concentration is not controversial. Nor is the fact that CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) absorb infrared energy in the atmosphere and contribute to the overall greenhouse effect. Increases in CO2 levels are therefore expecte ...
... The fact that CO2 emissions lead to changes in the atmospheric carbon concentration is not controversial. Nor is the fact that CO2 and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) absorb infrared energy in the atmosphere and contribute to the overall greenhouse effect. Increases in CO2 levels are therefore expecte ...
PDF File - Patrick Gonzalez
... plant ranges (37 species) and phenology (1161 species) in ecosystems around the world. More than 90% of time series of ecological data exhibited changes in the direction expected with warming temperatures. Many of the range shifts also changed the biomes of the ecosystems studied. The meta-analyses ...
... plant ranges (37 species) and phenology (1161 species) in ecosystems around the world. More than 90% of time series of ecological data exhibited changes in the direction expected with warming temperatures. Many of the range shifts also changed the biomes of the ecosystems studied. The meta-analyses ...
climate impacts and adaptation unit
... There are two principal learning objectives for the unit. Specifically, upon completion of the unit students should be able to: a) Convince decision-makers in your organisation of the business case to manage the physical risks and opportunities of climate change. Why do decision-makers in your organ ...
... There are two principal learning objectives for the unit. Specifically, upon completion of the unit students should be able to: a) Convince decision-makers in your organisation of the business case to manage the physical risks and opportunities of climate change. Why do decision-makers in your organ ...
the new climate message
... will die down. With furore and resignations over the University of East Anglia ‘Climategate’4 and market research showing a cut in Americans’ belief in manmade climate change5 are signs which don’t bode well. Remember the worst days of striving to act on climate change within the straightjacket of d ...
... will die down. With furore and resignations over the University of East Anglia ‘Climategate’4 and market research showing a cut in Americans’ belief in manmade climate change5 are signs which don’t bode well. Remember the worst days of striving to act on climate change within the straightjacket of d ...
Effects of climate change on agriculture - Deltaproof
... The probability increases of insufficient fresh water supply, via the main water system, to the polders (reclaimed land) that are vulnerable with regard to salinity. In areas of intensive horticulture, the financial damage could turn out to be considerable. Effects of climate change on disease and p ...
... The probability increases of insufficient fresh water supply, via the main water system, to the polders (reclaimed land) that are vulnerable with regard to salinity. In areas of intensive horticulture, the financial damage could turn out to be considerable. Effects of climate change on disease and p ...
climate impacts and adaptation unit
... There are two principal learning objectives for the unit. Specifically, upon completion of the unit students should be able to: a) Convince decision-makers in your organisation of the business case to manage the physical risks and opportunities of climate change. Why do decision-makers in your organ ...
... There are two principal learning objectives for the unit. Specifically, upon completion of the unit students should be able to: a) Convince decision-makers in your organisation of the business case to manage the physical risks and opportunities of climate change. Why do decision-makers in your organ ...
Draft Note to the meeting of the Programme Committee on 28
... documentation. The contribution to the Green Climate Fund is covered by the interim organisation strategy. The bilateral programmes under the Poverty Frame in Bangladesh and Kenya are included in/coordinated with the respective Country Programmes. Hence, these programmes will only be mentioned brief ...
... documentation. The contribution to the Green Climate Fund is covered by the interim organisation strategy. The bilateral programmes under the Poverty Frame in Bangladesh and Kenya are included in/coordinated with the respective Country Programmes. Hence, these programmes will only be mentioned brief ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... 20th century has to be interpreted. Although the evidence of an anthropogenic influence on the global climate due to the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is strengthening (IPCC, 2001), it is also acknowledged that uncertainties in the typical range of natural climate variations ...
... 20th century has to be interpreted. Although the evidence of an anthropogenic influence on the global climate due to the increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is strengthening (IPCC, 2001), it is also acknowledged that uncertainties in the typical range of natural climate variations ...
O 3 Environmental Advocacy in the Obama Years
... Relevant to understanding the nature of environmental advocacy today, following their defeat, environmentalists and their funders debated how to move forward and more effectively apply their considerable financial and organizational resources to future political debates. In this regard, several anal ...
... Relevant to understanding the nature of environmental advocacy today, following their defeat, environmentalists and their funders debated how to move forward and more effectively apply their considerable financial and organizational resources to future political debates. In this regard, several anal ...
East Africa
... smaller due to, among other things, downweighting obvious outliers. It should be noted that there is the possibility that this makes the method overconfident. For comprehensive details of this method, the reader is referred to Tebaldi et al. (2005). The Bayesian method requires that the input variab ...
... smaller due to, among other things, downweighting obvious outliers. It should be noted that there is the possibility that this makes the method overconfident. For comprehensive details of this method, the reader is referred to Tebaldi et al. (2005). The Bayesian method requires that the input variab ...
Presentation Slides - Association for the Advancement of
... significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
... significant risks for – and in many cases is already affecting – a broad range of human and natural systems.” ...
A Micro-econometric Analysis of Adaptation to Climate Change
... less attractive due to rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves such as the Mediterranean region, Florida, Bali, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and the east coast of Australia (e.g. IPCC AR4 WGII 2007; Deutsche Bank Research 2008). In contrast, other tourism regions are predicted to gain attractive ...
... less attractive due to rising temperatures and more frequent heat waves such as the Mediterranean region, Florida, Bali, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and the east coast of Australia (e.g. IPCC AR4 WGII 2007; Deutsche Bank Research 2008). In contrast, other tourism regions are predicted to gain attractive ...
Do people “personally experience” global warming, and if so how
... stated Kempton et al. in 1996. Many subsequent authors have agreed with this assessment for all but the most severely impacted portions of the world (Marx et al., 2007; Moser and Dilling, 2011; Weber, 2010; Weber and Stern, 2011). Climate by definition is a statistical concept representing frequencie ...
... stated Kempton et al. in 1996. Many subsequent authors have agreed with this assessment for all but the most severely impacted portions of the world (Marx et al., 2007; Moser and Dilling, 2011; Weber, 2010; Weber and Stern, 2011). Climate by definition is a statistical concept representing frequencie ...
Buckley CV - University of Washington
... 13. University of North Carolina, Department of Geography, January 2011 12. East Carolina University, Department of Biology, September 2010 11. Duke University, Graduate Program in Ecology, January 2009 10. UC Santa Barbara, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, June 2008 9. Harvey M ...
... 13. University of North Carolina, Department of Geography, January 2011 12. East Carolina University, Department of Biology, September 2010 11. Duke University, Graduate Program in Ecology, January 2009 10. UC Santa Barbara, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, June 2008 9. Harvey M ...
4 Climate change impacts in a context of full
... Two broad approaches can be identified in the economic quantification of climate change damages. One, makes ample use of reduced-form climate change damage functions (CCDFs). Basically, a more or less sophisticated functional form translates temperature increases into GDP losses (see e.g.: Nordhaus, ...
... Two broad approaches can be identified in the economic quantification of climate change damages. One, makes ample use of reduced-form climate change damage functions (CCDFs). Basically, a more or less sophisticated functional form translates temperature increases into GDP losses (see e.g.: Nordhaus, ...
Full Congressional testimonials
... However, scientific investigations of the dynamics of the entire climate system have more in common with systems biology and economics than with laboratory physics and chemistry, owing to the complexity of the systems under investigation and the inability to conduct controlled experiments. Complexit ...
... However, scientific investigations of the dynamics of the entire climate system have more in common with systems biology and economics than with laboratory physics and chemistry, owing to the complexity of the systems under investigation and the inability to conduct controlled experiments. Complexit ...
Impacts, Adaptations and Uncertainty in the face of Anthropogenic
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
... Every year Canada’s boreal forest is affected by disturbances such as fires, insects and disease. In 2010 roughly 3.15 million hectares of forest area was burned in Canada, much of it the boreal forest (Natural Resources Canada, 2011)18. Fire disturbances are influenced by weather conditions. Increa ...
Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile
... rainfall data for the surveyed seasons were obtained from a global climate database developed by the University of East Anglia (Mitchell & Jones 2005). In addition to collecting data on different socioeconomic and environmental attributes, the survey also included information on farmers’ perceptions ...
... rainfall data for the surveyed seasons were obtained from a global climate database developed by the University of East Anglia (Mitchell & Jones 2005). In addition to collecting data on different socioeconomic and environmental attributes, the survey also included information on farmers’ perceptions ...
Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies Background Paper
... households suffered 90 per cent of the US $ 4.3 billion in damage caused by Typhoon Ketsana in ...
... households suffered 90 per cent of the US $ 4.3 billion in damage caused by Typhoon Ketsana in ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... is not the same as temperature change, but for the benchmarkserving purposes of my simplistic example I assume the shapes of both PDFs are roughly similar after approximately 200 years because a doubling of anthropogenically injected CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) GHGs relative to preindustrial-revolution l ...
... is not the same as temperature change, but for the benchmarkserving purposes of my simplistic example I assume the shapes of both PDFs are roughly similar after approximately 200 years because a doubling of anthropogenically injected CO2-equivalent (CO2-e) GHGs relative to preindustrial-revolution l ...
Michael E. Mann
Michael E. Mann (born 1965) is an American climatologist and geophysicist, currently director of the Earth System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University, who has contributed to the scientific understanding of historic climate change based on the temperature record of the past thousand years. He has pioneered techniques to find patterns in past climate change, and to isolate climate signals from ""noisy data"".As lead author of a paper produced in 1998 with co-authors Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes, Mann introduced innovative statistical techniques to find regional variations in a hemispherical climate reconstruction covering the past 600 years. In 1999 the same team used these techniques to produce a reconstruction over the past 1,000 years (MBH99) which was dubbed the ""hockey stick graph"" because of its shape. He was one of 8 lead authors of the ""Observed Climate Variability and Change"" chapter of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Scientific Assessment Report published in 2001. A graph based on the MBH99 paper was highlighted in several parts of the report, and was given wide publicity. The IPCC acknowledged that his work, along with that of the many other lead authors and review editors, contributed to the award of the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize, which was won jointly by the IPCC and Al Gore.He was organizing committee chair for the National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science in 2003 and has received a number of honors and awards including selection by Scientific American as one of the fifty leading visionaries in science and technology in 2002. In 2012 he was inducted as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and was awarded the Hans Oeschger Medal of the European Geosciences Union. In 2013 he was elected a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and awarded the status of distinguished professor in Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences.Mann is author of more than 160 peer-reviewed and edited publications, and has published two books: Dire Predictions: Understanding Global Warming in 2008 and The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines, published in early 2012. In 2013 the European Geosciences Union described his publication record as ""outstanding for a scientist of his relatively young age"". He is also a co-founder and contributor to the climatology blog RealClimate.