effects of changing climate on weather and human activities
... Indian subcontinent), parts of Africa, and northeast Brazil and Colombia; and unusual weather patterns in other parts of the world. It can be thought of as a short-term climatic phenomenon. Other climate perturbations are more subtle and their effects on weather less obvious. Increases in heat-retai ...
... Indian subcontinent), parts of Africa, and northeast Brazil and Colombia; and unusual weather patterns in other parts of the world. It can be thought of as a short-term climatic phenomenon. Other climate perturbations are more subtle and their effects on weather less obvious. Increases in heat-retai ...
Climate change and water in the UK – past
... and test adaptation responses, policy-makers and decision-makers require a good understanding of the scale and scope of possible change and the uncertainties associated with these regional projections. Lack of information, or perhaps just a perception of a lack of information, seems to act as a barr ...
... and test adaptation responses, policy-makers and decision-makers require a good understanding of the scale and scope of possible change and the uncertainties associated with these regional projections. Lack of information, or perhaps just a perception of a lack of information, seems to act as a barr ...
here - Resilient Cities
... NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Professor, Vice Dean of Research, Smart Cities coordinator, Architect Annemie leads a work package on resilient architecture and infrastructure in FP7-funded project RAMSES. The aim of the work package is to develop an indicator taxonomy for climat ...
... NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Professor, Vice Dean of Research, Smart Cities coordinator, Architect Annemie leads a work package on resilient architecture and infrastructure in FP7-funded project RAMSES. The aim of the work package is to develop an indicator taxonomy for climat ...
Climate impact on airborne particulate matter concentrations in
... and the Dudhia thermal diffusion land surface scheme. Notably, use of land surface schemes that explicitly consider soil moisture yielded considerably degraded performance for ambient relative humidity in California. The lack of soil moisture feedback disconnects the hydrology cycle from the air qua ...
... and the Dudhia thermal diffusion land surface scheme. Notably, use of land surface schemes that explicitly consider soil moisture yielded considerably degraded performance for ambient relative humidity in California. The lack of soil moisture feedback disconnects the hydrology cycle from the air qua ...
Forest insects and climate change: longterm
... decreased over the study period. There was no evidence of increased variability in damage. We conclude that species exhibiting a trend toward outbreak-level damage over a greater geographical area may be positively affected by changes in weather conditions coinciding with important life stages. Stro ...
... decreased over the study period. There was no evidence of increased variability in damage. We conclude that species exhibiting a trend toward outbreak-level damage over a greater geographical area may be positively affected by changes in weather conditions coinciding with important life stages. Stro ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES William D. Nordhaus
... that if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more.… Our actions now and over the ...
... that if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more.… Our actions now and over the ...
A Kantian approach to sustainable development indicators for
... to certain categories (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses). The framework was developed by the European Environmental Agency in the 1990‘s based on a pressure-state-response (PSR) model developed by OECD (EEA 1998, OECD 1991 and 1993). Each field should ideally include indicat ...
... to certain categories (driving forces, pressures, states, impacts, and responses). The framework was developed by the European Environmental Agency in the 1990‘s based on a pressure-state-response (PSR) model developed by OECD (EEA 1998, OECD 1991 and 1993). Each field should ideally include indicat ...
Circum-Pacific arc flare-ups and global cooling near the Eocene
... volcanic event, such as the 2800 km3 Toba eruption ~74,000 yr ago, can have a more dramatic cooling effect. Climate modeling that simulated the response to the Toba eruption indicates dramatic cooling with global temperatures dropping by as much as 10 °C, followed by a long-term recovery period of a ...
... volcanic event, such as the 2800 km3 Toba eruption ~74,000 yr ago, can have a more dramatic cooling effect. Climate modeling that simulated the response to the Toba eruption indicates dramatic cooling with global temperatures dropping by as much as 10 °C, followed by a long-term recovery period of a ...
The Future of Vascular Plant Diversity Under Four
... described at the end of this section. For global losses, we used the land cover projections of the MA scenarios produced by IMAGE model in conjunction with the species-area relationship (SAR) to explore possible trends in future, global vascular plant biodiversity. The SAR is a wellestablished empir ...
... described at the end of this section. For global losses, we used the land cover projections of the MA scenarios produced by IMAGE model in conjunction with the species-area relationship (SAR) to explore possible trends in future, global vascular plant biodiversity. The SAR is a wellestablished empir ...
Climate change impacts in Sub-Saharan Africa
... rates have been declining in most Sub-Saharan African countries, with the exception of Mozambique, Cote d́Ivoire and Guinea, although Sub-Saharan still has the largest proportion of people living below the poverty line of all world regions (World Bank 2015b). Levels of stunting among children under ...
... rates have been declining in most Sub-Saharan African countries, with the exception of Mozambique, Cote d́Ivoire and Guinea, although Sub-Saharan still has the largest proportion of people living below the poverty line of all world regions (World Bank 2015b). Levels of stunting among children under ...
Resurrection ecology and global climate change research in
... different periods of dormancy can be studied comparatively using evolutionary/genetic and experimental approaches. Both approaches combined can provide insights into how the dimensions of species’ ecological niches have shifted over time and could help reveal whether direct effects of climate change ...
... different periods of dormancy can be studied comparatively using evolutionary/genetic and experimental approaches. Both approaches combined can provide insights into how the dimensions of species’ ecological niches have shifted over time and could help reveal whether direct effects of climate change ...
PDF
... change. Some scenarios included impacts of climate change estimated from the IPCC scenario A2. However, there are significant uncertainties around future climate change and the impacts on agricultural productivity. Some scenarios without climate change impacts were thus included. This approach allow ...
... change. Some scenarios included impacts of climate change estimated from the IPCC scenario A2. However, there are significant uncertainties around future climate change and the impacts on agricultural productivity. Some scenarios without climate change impacts were thus included. This approach allow ...
Marine Board-ESF Response to the European Commission DG
... The Marine Board recognises that the global oceans and seas are a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system and a driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. Furthermore, while the oceans and seas have a strong influence on climate change, they are al ...
... The Marine Board recognises that the global oceans and seas are a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system and a driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. Furthermore, while the oceans and seas have a strong influence on climate change, they are al ...
Climate change effects on above- and below
... 31] and differentially affected by climatic conditions [32– 34]. For example, air temperature shows higher variation than soil temperature, owing to the wellknown damping effect of soil. This suggests that climatic conditions are likely to change more abovethan below-ground in the near future [35]. ...
... 31] and differentially affected by climatic conditions [32– 34]. For example, air temperature shows higher variation than soil temperature, owing to the wellknown damping effect of soil. This suggests that climatic conditions are likely to change more abovethan below-ground in the near future [35]. ...
a comparative study of biodiversity conservation coping with climate
... of other species. Individual species help us to meet our basic needs. We literally need to conserve biodiversity as our lives depend on it. Adaptation to climate change and sustainable human development are inextricably linked because development can both contribute to climate change and reduce vuln ...
... of other species. Individual species help us to meet our basic needs. We literally need to conserve biodiversity as our lives depend on it. Adaptation to climate change and sustainable human development are inextricably linked because development can both contribute to climate change and reduce vuln ...
Do Models Underestimate the Solar Contribution to Recent Climate
... caused by greenhouse gases, with tropospheric sulfate aerosols and natural factors (presumed to be stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions) offsetting approximately one-third of the warming. No evidence was found by Tett et al. (2002) that the model systematically underestimated the observed ...
... caused by greenhouse gases, with tropospheric sulfate aerosols and natural factors (presumed to be stratospheric aerosols from volcanic eruptions) offsetting approximately one-third of the warming. No evidence was found by Tett et al. (2002) that the model systematically underestimated the observed ...
G8 Impact on International Climate Change Negotiations – Good or
... Although climate change was designated as a ‘priority’ of the G8 Summit, many NGOs and civil society groups doubted from the beginning that the discussions would end in agreement, let alone action. As Dr. Rajendra K. Pachuauri, Chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, “Frank ...
... Although climate change was designated as a ‘priority’ of the G8 Summit, many NGOs and civil society groups doubted from the beginning that the discussions would end in agreement, let alone action. As Dr. Rajendra K. Pachuauri, Chair of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated, “Frank ...
PDF
... The simplest model of fossil fuel consumption over time is to assume that we can solve the social planner problem of optimally distributing a limited reserve of fossil fuels across a limited number of time periods. We have a social planner who is trying to maximize the present value of social utilit ...
... The simplest model of fossil fuel consumption over time is to assume that we can solve the social planner problem of optimally distributing a limited reserve of fossil fuels across a limited number of time periods. We have a social planner who is trying to maximize the present value of social utilit ...
Project Presentation - Worldwide Universities Network
... • Substantive progress in understanding the complex interelated climate systems active in the Arctic will require a breadth and depth of resources not present in a single country let alone a single university •Geographical and historical interests mean that expertise, data and infrastructure is dist ...
... • Substantive progress in understanding the complex interelated climate systems active in the Arctic will require a breadth and depth of resources not present in a single country let alone a single university •Geographical and historical interests mean that expertise, data and infrastructure is dist ...
Climate Refugees - Lutheran Office for Public Policy in Wisconsin
... 1st report recognized that the greatest single impact of climate change will be on human migration People will move temporarily (due to severe weather events) or permanently (severe drought, lack of resources or in the case of small island states) – is a form of adaptation Projected numbers range ...
... 1st report recognized that the greatest single impact of climate change will be on human migration People will move temporarily (due to severe weather events) or permanently (severe drought, lack of resources or in the case of small island states) – is a form of adaptation Projected numbers range ...
PDF - Climate Diplomacy
... The act of climate diplomacy by cities, through networks, has allowed them to become positive and proactive on such issues. Climate Diplomacy Through Interaction and Engagement with Each Other The role of cities in contributing to GHG as well as the disproportionate burden of climate change impacts ...
... The act of climate diplomacy by cities, through networks, has allowed them to become positive and proactive on such issues. Climate Diplomacy Through Interaction and Engagement with Each Other The role of cities in contributing to GHG as well as the disproportionate burden of climate change impacts ...
climate change, small island developing States
... example, is nearly 15,000 times the size of its land area, whereas Samoa’s is eight. Many SIDS – the Maldives, for example – have solely or mostly low-lying land areas; others, such as Haiti, have a varied terrain, including mountainous areas. Their population densities differ widely as well (see bo ...
... example, is nearly 15,000 times the size of its land area, whereas Samoa’s is eight. Many SIDS – the Maldives, for example – have solely or mostly low-lying land areas; others, such as Haiti, have a varied terrain, including mountainous areas. Their population densities differ widely as well (see bo ...