Chapter 15 Guided Reading
... 1. What happens when E. coli runs out of tryptophan in a human’s colon? And then what happens when tryptophan is then added back in? ...
... 1. What happens when E. coli runs out of tryptophan in a human’s colon? And then what happens when tryptophan is then added back in? ...
Take home quiz (due Monday April 4th)
... Standard 1.2a and 1.2b In 2007 Sarah Tishkoff studied populations of humans from all over the world trying to determine if the ability to digest lactose was an adaptation that was selective in times of starvation. As environments changed and food was scarce, were humans with a mutation able to turn ...
... Standard 1.2a and 1.2b In 2007 Sarah Tishkoff studied populations of humans from all over the world trying to determine if the ability to digest lactose was an adaptation that was selective in times of starvation. As environments changed and food was scarce, were humans with a mutation able to turn ...
Final spring 2016
... 54. The ____________________ of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA. 55. Suppose that part of an amino acid sequence of a protein changed from tyrosine-proline-glycine-alanine to tyrosine-histidine-glycine-alanine. This change was most likely caused by a point ...
... 54. The ____________________ of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA. 55. Suppose that part of an amino acid sequence of a protein changed from tyrosine-proline-glycine-alanine to tyrosine-histidine-glycine-alanine. This change was most likely caused by a point ...
New Title - Gravette School District
... grown on another food source, such as glucose, it would have no need for these proteins. Remarkably, the bacterium almost seems to “know” when the products of these genes are needed. The lac genes are turned off by repressors and turned on by the presence of lactose. This process tells us a great de ...
... grown on another food source, such as glucose, it would have no need for these proteins. Remarkably, the bacterium almost seems to “know” when the products of these genes are needed. The lac genes are turned off by repressors and turned on by the presence of lactose. This process tells us a great de ...
Control of Gene Activity
... Explain the use of an operon as a prokaryotic form of gene regulation. Name and describe the four main parts of an operon. Define the following terms: operator, repressor, inducer, regulatory gene, and corepressor. 5. Describe the functioning of the trp operon as a repressible operon and state its o ...
... Explain the use of an operon as a prokaryotic form of gene regulation. Name and describe the four main parts of an operon. Define the following terms: operator, repressor, inducer, regulatory gene, and corepressor. 5. Describe the functioning of the trp operon as a repressible operon and state its o ...
The QIAexpressionist™
... High-level expression of 6xHis-tagged proteins in E. coli using the QIAexpress pQE vectors is based on the T5 promoter transcription–translation system. pQE plasmids belong to the pDS family of plasmids (Bujard et al. 1987) and were derived from plasmids pDS56/RBSII and pDS781/RBSII-DHFRS (Stüber et ...
... High-level expression of 6xHis-tagged proteins in E. coli using the QIAexpress pQE vectors is based on the T5 promoter transcription–translation system. pQE plasmids belong to the pDS family of plasmids (Bujard et al. 1987) and were derived from plasmids pDS56/RBSII and pDS781/RBSII-DHFRS (Stüber et ...
10/23 Gene expression in Prokaryotes
... • Catabolite repression: using glucose when available, and repressing the metabolite of other sugars • This is a positive control mechanism: The positive effect is activated by catabolite activator protein (CAP). cAMP is binded to CAP, together CAP–cAMP complex binds to a site slightly upstream from ...
... • Catabolite repression: using glucose when available, and repressing the metabolite of other sugars • This is a positive control mechanism: The positive effect is activated by catabolite activator protein (CAP). cAMP is binded to CAP, together CAP–cAMP complex binds to a site slightly upstream from ...
regulation of eukaryotic gene expression
... enzymes involved in the metabolism of the sugar lactose. • Most bacteria carry out glycolysis, a pathway that allows glucose to be metabolized as a carbon and energy source. • If glucose is unavailable, they can metabolize alternative carbohydrates, but require proteins in addition to those in glyco ...
... enzymes involved in the metabolism of the sugar lactose. • Most bacteria carry out glycolysis, a pathway that allows glucose to be metabolized as a carbon and energy source. • If glucose is unavailable, they can metabolize alternative carbohydrates, but require proteins in addition to those in glyco ...
Chapter 12
... Chapter 12 The Operon 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Regulation Can Be Negative or Positive ...
... Chapter 12 The Operon 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Regulation Can Be Negative or Positive ...
Section L Regulation of Transcription in Prokaryotes
... 1. No lactose: In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor blocks all but a very low level of transcription of lacZYA. 2. Uptake: When lactose is added to cell, the low level of permease allows its uptake, and b-galactosidases catalyzes some lactose to allo-lactose. 3. Induction: Allo-lactose acts ...
... 1. No lactose: In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor blocks all but a very low level of transcription of lacZYA. 2. Uptake: When lactose is added to cell, the low level of permease allows its uptake, and b-galactosidases catalyzes some lactose to allo-lactose. 3. Induction: Allo-lactose acts ...
Make an Operon
... Demonstrate the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in operons Simulate the transcription of the genes in the operon Make a model of an operon 1. Your teacher will assign your group either the lac or trp operon to build. 2. Using the materials available in the classroom design and build an oper ...
... Demonstrate the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in operons Simulate the transcription of the genes in the operon Make a model of an operon 1. Your teacher will assign your group either the lac or trp operon to build. 2. Using the materials available in the classroom design and build an oper ...
Chapter 16: Gene Regulation in Bacteria
... Indeed, the lac operon was the first gene regulation system to have its molecular mechanism worked out. Our initial understanding of gene regulation can be traced back to the 1950s and the creative minds of two French scientists: François Jacob and Jacques Monod. They were interested in the phenomen ...
... Indeed, the lac operon was the first gene regulation system to have its molecular mechanism worked out. Our initial understanding of gene regulation can be traced back to the 1950s and the creative minds of two French scientists: François Jacob and Jacques Monod. They were interested in the phenomen ...
Document
... Further evidence showed that repressor and polymerase can bind together to lac operator. If lac repressor does not inhibit transcription of the lac operon by blocking access to promoter, how does it function? Alternate theory: repressor locks RNA polymerase into a non-productive state. ...
... Further evidence showed that repressor and polymerase can bind together to lac operator. If lac repressor does not inhibit transcription of the lac operon by blocking access to promoter, how does it function? Alternate theory: repressor locks RNA polymerase into a non-productive state. ...
Photosynthesis
... Always present in cell, but most likely have to be activated before they will bind to DNA ...
... Always present in cell, but most likely have to be activated before they will bind to DNA ...
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
... Enzymes are coded for by genes • DNA is the code to make proteins • Enzymes are made of protein • In order for a cell to make an enzyme, it must access the DNA for that enzyme • Enzymes are very specific to their task ...
... Enzymes are coded for by genes • DNA is the code to make proteins • Enzymes are made of protein • In order for a cell to make an enzyme, it must access the DNA for that enzyme • Enzymes are very specific to their task ...
recomb_talk_7 - Washington University in St. Louis
... Washington University in St. Louis 29 October 2008 ...
... Washington University in St. Louis 29 October 2008 ...
Lec-Functional Annotation and Functional Enrichment2010
... • A cellular component is just that, a component of a cell, but with the proviso that it is part of some larger object; • this may be an anatomical structure (e.g. rough endoplasmic reticulum or nucleus) or a gene product group (e.g. ribosome, proteasome or a protein dimer). ...
... • A cellular component is just that, a component of a cell, but with the proviso that it is part of some larger object; • this may be an anatomical structure (e.g. rough endoplasmic reticulum or nucleus) or a gene product group (e.g. ribosome, proteasome or a protein dimer). ...
WLHS / AP Bio / Monson
... 2) Briefly explain the function of each protein / enzyme listed below: A) Helicase B) Single stranded binding proteins C) Topoisomerase (see text p. 314) D) Primase E) DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I F) DNA Ligase 3) Label this diagram of DNA replication with as much detail as possible. ...
... 2) Briefly explain the function of each protein / enzyme listed below: A) Helicase B) Single stranded binding proteins C) Topoisomerase (see text p. 314) D) Primase E) DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I F) DNA Ligase 3) Label this diagram of DNA replication with as much detail as possible. ...
Regulation of Gene Expression
... One protein exerts both + and – regulation Binding a signal molecule alters conformation from repressor form Repressor binds one DNA regulatory site Activator, without signal molecules, binds to another DNA sequence ...
... One protein exerts both + and – regulation Binding a signal molecule alters conformation from repressor form Repressor binds one DNA regulatory site Activator, without signal molecules, binds to another DNA sequence ...
Questions 33-38
... A scientist is using an ampicillin-sensitive strain of bacteria that cannot use lactose because it has a nonfunctional gene in the lac operon. She has two plasmids. One contains a functional copy of the affected gene of the lac operon, and the other contains the gene for ampicillin resistance. Using ...
... A scientist is using an ampicillin-sensitive strain of bacteria that cannot use lactose because it has a nonfunctional gene in the lac operon. She has two plasmids. One contains a functional copy of the affected gene of the lac operon, and the other contains the gene for ampicillin resistance. Using ...
RNA polymerase
... if bacterium has enough tryptophan then it STOP doesn’t need to make enzymes used to build tryptophan turn genes ON example if bacterium encounters new sugar (energy GO source), like lactose, then it needs to start making enzymes used to digest lactose ...
... if bacterium has enough tryptophan then it STOP doesn’t need to make enzymes used to build tryptophan turn genes ON example if bacterium encounters new sugar (energy GO source), like lactose, then it needs to start making enzymes used to digest lactose ...
Slide 1
... • Every cell must be able to regulate when particular genes are used cells control gene expression by saying when individual genes are to be transcribed in prokaryotes, genes can be turned off by the binding of a repressor, a protein that binds to the DNA and blocks access to the promoter gene ...
... • Every cell must be able to regulate when particular genes are used cells control gene expression by saying when individual genes are to be transcribed in prokaryotes, genes can be turned off by the binding of a repressor, a protein that binds to the DNA and blocks access to the promoter gene ...
13Johnson
... • Every cell must be able to regulate when particular genes are used cells control gene expression by saying when individual genes are to be transcribed in prokaryotes, genes can be turned off by the binding of a repressor, a protein that binds to the DNA and blocks access to the promoter gene ...
... • Every cell must be able to regulate when particular genes are used cells control gene expression by saying when individual genes are to be transcribed in prokaryotes, genes can be turned off by the binding of a repressor, a protein that binds to the DNA and blocks access to the promoter gene ...
Chapter 12 Lecture Notes: Metabolism – Enzyme and Gene
... a) Hairpins can form between regions 1 and 2 AND between regions 3 and 4 (termination hairpin) OR b) Hairpin can form between regions 2 and 3 (antitermination hairpin) 5. Model for transcriptional attenuation (see attached): a) Transcription of the leader region begins. As soon as regions 1 and 2 ar ...
... a) Hairpins can form between regions 1 and 2 AND between regions 3 and 4 (termination hairpin) OR b) Hairpin can form between regions 2 and 3 (antitermination hairpin) 5. Model for transcriptional attenuation (see attached): a) Transcription of the leader region begins. As soon as regions 1 and 2 ar ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.