Chapter 5 Gases - Annmarie Kotarba | Nurse, Teacher and
... • Discuss the structure of a typical eukaryotic gene and the DNA elements involved in regulating that gene • Give examples of some of the ways eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins bind to DNA • Illustrate how a change in chromosome structure may affect the activity of a gene • Explain how a gene in a mul ...
... • Discuss the structure of a typical eukaryotic gene and the DNA elements involved in regulating that gene • Give examples of some of the ways eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins bind to DNA • Illustrate how a change in chromosome structure may affect the activity of a gene • Explain how a gene in a mul ...
Lecture 27
... Glucose is the carbon source of choice for E. coli, so if it is present in large amounts, the bacterium will suppress the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in other catabolites’ metabolism. ...
... Glucose is the carbon source of choice for E. coli, so if it is present in large amounts, the bacterium will suppress the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in other catabolites’ metabolism. ...
Questions and Problems, 19.1 How can inducible and repressible
... Groups of alleles associated with the lactose operon are as follows (in order of dominance for each allelic series): repressor, Is (superrepressor), I+ (inducible), and I (constitutive); operator, Oc (constitutive, cis dominant) and O+ (inducible, cis-dominant); structural, Z+ and Y+. (a) Which of t ...
... Groups of alleles associated with the lactose operon are as follows (in order of dominance for each allelic series): repressor, Is (superrepressor), I+ (inducible), and I (constitutive); operator, Oc (constitutive, cis dominant) and O+ (inducible, cis-dominant); structural, Z+ and Y+. (a) Which of t ...
Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
... Enzymes are coded for by genes • DNA is the code to make proteins • Enzymes are made of protein • In order for a cell to make an enzyme, it must access the DNA for that enzyme • Enzymes are very specific to their task ...
... Enzymes are coded for by genes • DNA is the code to make proteins • Enzymes are made of protein • In order for a cell to make an enzyme, it must access the DNA for that enzyme • Enzymes are very specific to their task ...
Chap 12 Jeopardy #2 - local.brookings.k12.sd.us
... transcribing the lac genes when the operon is turned off ? A: What is Repressor molecule attached to operator blocks RNA Polymerase from attaching? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
... transcribing the lac genes when the operon is turned off ? A: What is Repressor molecule attached to operator blocks RNA Polymerase from attaching? S2C06 Jeopardy Review ...
problem set
... In glucose media without lactose, the lac repressor is bound to the lac operator, and the CAP protein is not bound to its control site near the promoter due to low cAMP level. As a result, transcription of the lac operon is shut off. In lactose media lacking glucose, the operon is turned on and tran ...
... In glucose media without lactose, the lac repressor is bound to the lac operator, and the CAP protein is not bound to its control site near the promoter due to low cAMP level. As a result, transcription of the lac operon is shut off. In lactose media lacking glucose, the operon is turned on and tran ...
Controls Over Genes
... or paternal X chromosome is randomly condensed (Barr body) and is inactive • Occurs in an early embryonic stage, so that all descendents of that particular cell have the same inactive X chromosome, resulting in “mosaic” gene expression ...
... or paternal X chromosome is randomly condensed (Barr body) and is inactive • Occurs in an early embryonic stage, so that all descendents of that particular cell have the same inactive X chromosome, resulting in “mosaic” gene expression ...
Explain the importance of gene regulation in both prokaryotes and
... Because transcription of the coding genes in the tryptophan operon can be blocked by a repressor, it is an example of negative transcriptional control: ...
... Because transcription of the coding genes in the tryptophan operon can be blocked by a repressor, it is an example of negative transcriptional control: ...
Lecture 6 - U of L Class Index
... • The lac operon was the first operon discovered • Contains 3 genes coding for E. coli proteins that permit the bacteria to use the sugar lactose: – Galactoside permease (lacY) which transports lactose into the cells − β-galactosidase (lacZ) cuts the lactose into galactose and glucose – Galactoside ...
... • The lac operon was the first operon discovered • Contains 3 genes coding for E. coli proteins that permit the bacteria to use the sugar lactose: – Galactoside permease (lacY) which transports lactose into the cells − β-galactosidase (lacZ) cuts the lactose into galactose and glucose – Galactoside ...
Chapter 13 Mutations (2)
... The Lac Operon – Lactose Present When lactose is present, the lactose molecules bind to the repressor, changing the shape of the repressor. The repressor molecule cannot bind to the operator, therefore, RNA polymerase CAN bind to the promoter and transcription does take place. The enzymes nee ...
... The Lac Operon – Lactose Present When lactose is present, the lactose molecules bind to the repressor, changing the shape of the repressor. The repressor molecule cannot bind to the operator, therefore, RNA polymerase CAN bind to the promoter and transcription does take place. The enzymes nee ...
221_exam_2_2004
... the lac operator (lacO). Complete the table with High if -galactosidase is expressed at high levels under the conditions described or Low if -galactosidase is expressed at low levels under the conditions described. Assume glucose is not present. ...
... the lac operator (lacO). Complete the table with High if -galactosidase is expressed at high levels under the conditions described or Low if -galactosidase is expressed at low levels under the conditions described. Assume glucose is not present. ...
Exam Resource Document
... 3. If the native form is treated with DTNB, an agent that reduces (disrupts) disulfide bridges, the enzyme preparation shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with or without urea, but is inhibited in the absence of urea (Figures 1C and 1D). Give the sub unit structure of the enzyme. Draw the subunits as ci ...
... 3. If the native form is treated with DTNB, an agent that reduces (disrupts) disulfide bridges, the enzyme preparation shows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with or without urea, but is inhibited in the absence of urea (Figures 1C and 1D). Give the sub unit structure of the enzyme. Draw the subunits as ci ...
Chapter 11 Gene Expression
... 2) Cells use information in genes to build hundreds of different proteins, each with a unique function, but not all proteins are required by the cell at one time By regulating gene expression, cells are able to control when each protein is made a. Some proteins play structural roles, others are enzy ...
... 2) Cells use information in genes to build hundreds of different proteins, each with a unique function, but not all proteins are required by the cell at one time By regulating gene expression, cells are able to control when each protein is made a. Some proteins play structural roles, others are enzy ...
1. Discuss the contributions of Mayer.
... Insertion the simplest transposons, they contain only the genes necessary for the process of transposition Composite transposons which include additional genetic material besides that required for transposition; consist of one or more genes flanked by insertion sequences ...
... Insertion the simplest transposons, they contain only the genes necessary for the process of transposition Composite transposons which include additional genetic material besides that required for transposition; consist of one or more genes flanked by insertion sequences ...
18 Q1 (1 point). Name three amino acids that are typically found at
... Q28 (3 point). A new bacterial strain is isolated in Nature. Growth experiments demonstrate that the strain can sustain growth in a simple medium containing either glucose or cellulose. Cellulose is normally difficult to break down and is a main part of the plant material used for bio-ethanol produ ...
... Q28 (3 point). A new bacterial strain is isolated in Nature. Growth experiments demonstrate that the strain can sustain growth in a simple medium containing either glucose or cellulose. Cellulose is normally difficult to break down and is a main part of the plant material used for bio-ethanol produ ...
Chapter 16
... • This regulatory protein helps hold RNA polymerase against the DNA promoter site so transcription will begin. (comes in physical contact with RNA polymerase) By combining the on/off switch, bacteria can create sophisticated transcriptional control systems. • The lac operon is responsible for produc ...
... • This regulatory protein helps hold RNA polymerase against the DNA promoter site so transcription will begin. (comes in physical contact with RNA polymerase) By combining the on/off switch, bacteria can create sophisticated transcriptional control systems. • The lac operon is responsible for produc ...
Biology 6B
... attaching to the promoter. AraC is a positive regulator (enhancing transcription) when it binds to arabinose. The arabinose + araC product complex binds to the araI region containing the promoter for the araB, araA and araD structural genes to stimulate transcription. This operon is also under the p ...
... attaching to the promoter. AraC is a positive regulator (enhancing transcription) when it binds to arabinose. The arabinose + araC product complex binds to the araI region containing the promoter for the araB, araA and araD structural genes to stimulate transcription. This operon is also under the p ...
AP Biology
... Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the products needed by that cell ...
... Natural selection has favored bacteria that produce only the products needed by that cell ...
ALE 11. Genetics of Viruses, Recombinant DNA Technology, Gene
... We all prefer certain foods. E. coli prefers to burn glucose as its energy source. Explain how E. coli “knows” when to turn off the lac operon when both glucose and lactose are present, and when to turn on the lac operon and other catabolic pathways when glucose is in short suppy and lactose or othe ...
... We all prefer certain foods. E. coli prefers to burn glucose as its energy source. Explain how E. coli “knows” when to turn off the lac operon when both glucose and lactose are present, and when to turn on the lac operon and other catabolic pathways when glucose is in short suppy and lactose or othe ...
2054, Chap. 12, page 1 I. Genes: Expression and Regulation A
... to the operator site (2) in absence of bound repressor, structural genes are transcribed into mRNA (3) transcribed mRNA translated into enzymes (4) lactose induces enzyme synthesis, lac operon is called an inducible operon 8. lac operon also regulated by catabolite activator protein (CAP) or cyclic ...
... to the operator site (2) in absence of bound repressor, structural genes are transcribed into mRNA (3) transcribed mRNA translated into enzymes (4) lactose induces enzyme synthesis, lac operon is called an inducible operon 8. lac operon also regulated by catabolite activator protein (CAP) or cyclic ...
CHAPTER 19 Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and
... c. β-galactosidase in wild-type E. coli growing with lactose as the sole carbon source converts lactose into allolactose (Figures 19.2 and 19.7). i. Repressor bound with allolactose bound changes shape (allosteric shift) and dissociates from the lac operator. Free repressor-allolactose complexes are ...
... c. β-galactosidase in wild-type E. coli growing with lactose as the sole carbon source converts lactose into allolactose (Figures 19.2 and 19.7). i. Repressor bound with allolactose bound changes shape (allosteric shift) and dissociates from the lac operator. Free repressor-allolactose complexes are ...
No Slide Title
... 1) In Bacteria transcription and translation are initially coupled • RNA polymerase quits if ribosomes lag too much • Recent studies show that ribosomes continue translating once mRNA is complete; i.e after transcription is done ...
... 1) In Bacteria transcription and translation are initially coupled • RNA polymerase quits if ribosomes lag too much • Recent studies show that ribosomes continue translating once mRNA is complete; i.e after transcription is done ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.