Glucose Metabolism - vinci
... The metabolism of glucose is central to mammalian life. Dynamic changes in any of the steps involved in processing glucose and its derivatives contribute to a wide range of diseases. Measuring the enzymes and metabolites is pivotal to biological and medical research. Cayman offers an array of tools ...
... The metabolism of glucose is central to mammalian life. Dynamic changes in any of the steps involved in processing glucose and its derivatives contribute to a wide range of diseases. Measuring the enzymes and metabolites is pivotal to biological and medical research. Cayman offers an array of tools ...
U4L21 fuel oxidation - The University of Sydney
... • Also called beta-oxidation – Because the action occurs on the beta-carbon atom ...
... • Also called beta-oxidation – Because the action occurs on the beta-carbon atom ...
Characterizing a Lambda Red Recombinase Induced Presumptive
... manipulation was not needed. IPTG is an inducer of the lac operon, that promotes the production of β-galactosidase (2). IPTG is a common substance used to increase β-galactosidase in absence of lactose. In practice, it is beneficial to have an E.coli strain that constantly expresses βgalactosidase, ...
... manipulation was not needed. IPTG is an inducer of the lac operon, that promotes the production of β-galactosidase (2). IPTG is a common substance used to increase β-galactosidase in absence of lactose. In practice, it is beneficial to have an E.coli strain that constantly expresses βgalactosidase, ...
Genetics Exam 4
... _____ A mutant allele of corn leads to absence of red anthocyanin pigment in the kernel (absence of anthocyanin results in a yellow color). The allele, however, is unstable, reverting quite late, yet often, in development. The expected phenotype of kernels homozygous for this mutation is A. fully r ...
... _____ A mutant allele of corn leads to absence of red anthocyanin pigment in the kernel (absence of anthocyanin results in a yellow color). The allele, however, is unstable, reverting quite late, yet often, in development. The expected phenotype of kernels homozygous for this mutation is A. fully r ...
supporting information
... energy is 1/4 ATP, Vi is the producing rate of metabolic acid, mol/(L·h); Diff AH is the transport rate coefficient, L/(molx·h); CAH,e and CAH,i are the concentrations of undissociated organic acid, mol/L; X is the concentration of biomass, equal to (CGlucose * Yxs), molx/L. CGlucose is the glucose ...
... energy is 1/4 ATP, Vi is the producing rate of metabolic acid, mol/(L·h); Diff AH is the transport rate coefficient, L/(molx·h); CAH,e and CAH,i are the concentrations of undissociated organic acid, mol/L; X is the concentration of biomass, equal to (CGlucose * Yxs), molx/L. CGlucose is the glucose ...
Nutritional biochemistry
... 4- Sodium and potassium balance: Na+ and K+ ions are very important for the normal functioning of many cells. Na ions are concentrated outside the cells (extra cellular) and K ions are concentrated inside the cells (intracellular). Protein maintains their concentration outside and inside the cells. ...
... 4- Sodium and potassium balance: Na+ and K+ ions are very important for the normal functioning of many cells. Na ions are concentrated outside the cells (extra cellular) and K ions are concentrated inside the cells (intracellular). Protein maintains their concentration outside and inside the cells. ...
- National Lipid Association
... Responsive to changes in feeding status via regulation by insulin, glucagon, and PUFA. SREBP-1a: Highly expressed in tumor cell lines, low level expression in normal cells, not responsive to dietary conditions. Can drive both cholesterol uptake and fatty acid synthesis. Question: How did we arri ...
... Responsive to changes in feeding status via regulation by insulin, glucagon, and PUFA. SREBP-1a: Highly expressed in tumor cell lines, low level expression in normal cells, not responsive to dietary conditions. Can drive both cholesterol uptake and fatty acid synthesis. Question: How did we arri ...
Early Cleavage Media
... Early Cleavage Media (ECM ) are intended for use in culturing human gametes during fertilization (IVF) and growth of embryos through Day 3 of development. ...
... Early Cleavage Media (ECM ) are intended for use in culturing human gametes during fertilization (IVF) and growth of embryos through Day 3 of development. ...
Biology: Life on Earth
... The lactose operon consists of a regulatory gene, a promoter, an operator, and three structural genes that code for enzymes Involved in lactose metabolism. The regulatory gene codes for a protein, called a repressor, which can bind to the operator site ...
... The lactose operon consists of a regulatory gene, a promoter, an operator, and three structural genes that code for enzymes Involved in lactose metabolism. The regulatory gene codes for a protein, called a repressor, which can bind to the operator site ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress energy requiring processes such as fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein synthesis NADH and NADPH : change in their mass action ratios have global effects on metabolism Glucose ...
... - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress energy requiring processes such as fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein synthesis NADH and NADPH : change in their mass action ratios have global effects on metabolism Glucose ...
GO: The Gene Ontology
... Additional points • A gene product can have several functions, cellular locations and be involved in many processes • Annotation of a gene product to one ontology is independent from its annotation to other ontologies • Annotations are only to terms reflecting a normal activity or location • Usage ...
... Additional points • A gene product can have several functions, cellular locations and be involved in many processes • Annotation of a gene product to one ontology is independent from its annotation to other ontologies • Annotations are only to terms reflecting a normal activity or location • Usage ...
Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
Metabolic Reactions Responsible for Glucose
... Waters, 1976). Similar observations were made with cells grown in LP glycerol (data not shown), but the inhibitors had no effect when cells were grown in LP (Fig. 2b). Thus it seemed reasonable to conclude that the metabolic reactions of the glycolytic pathway from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 2-ph ...
... Waters, 1976). Similar observations were made with cells grown in LP glycerol (data not shown), but the inhibitors had no effect when cells were grown in LP (Fig. 2b). Thus it seemed reasonable to conclude that the metabolic reactions of the glycolytic pathway from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 2-ph ...
Overview of Absorptive/Post-Absorptive States
... As the absorptive state comes to an end, enterocytes stop providing glucose to the hepatic portal circulation. Peripheral tissues continue to take up glucose at first until plasma glucose levels dip ...
... As the absorptive state comes to an end, enterocytes stop providing glucose to the hepatic portal circulation. Peripheral tissues continue to take up glucose at first until plasma glucose levels dip ...
Lecture 6
... Protein structure: Amino acids • Essential vs non-essential – Essential: NOT made by body – Nonessential: made by the body ...
... Protein structure: Amino acids • Essential vs non-essential – Essential: NOT made by body – Nonessential: made by the body ...
Chapter 7 Problem Set
... N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosamine is a reducing sugar because it contains a free anomeric carbon at C-1 that can open to the straightchain form and therefore can be oxidized. D-gluconate is not a reducing sugar because its anomeric carbon at C-1 is already oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. The disa ...
... N-acetyl-ß-D-glucosamine is a reducing sugar because it contains a free anomeric carbon at C-1 that can open to the straightchain form and therefore can be oxidized. D-gluconate is not a reducing sugar because its anomeric carbon at C-1 is already oxidized to the level of a carboxylic acid. The disa ...
Chapter 18: REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
... Promoter—A short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches when a gene is to be transcribed. Basically, the promoter signals the start of a gene. Operator—A short portion of DNA where an active repressor binds. When an active repressor is bound to the operator, RNA polymerase cannot at ...
... Promoter—A short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches when a gene is to be transcribed. Basically, the promoter signals the start of a gene. Operator—A short portion of DNA where an active repressor binds. When an active repressor is bound to the operator, RNA polymerase cannot at ...
WEEK 11
... Galactose This aldose does not occur freely in nature. It is found in brain and nervous tissue as a component of compounds called cerebrosides. Galactose polymerizes to form agar-agar, which is found in seaweed and is used to solidify broth in microbiology. ...
... Galactose This aldose does not occur freely in nature. It is found in brain and nervous tissue as a component of compounds called cerebrosides. Galactose polymerizes to form agar-agar, which is found in seaweed and is used to solidify broth in microbiology. ...
Lecture 21
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
... Isozymes: Enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are different in their kinetic behavior Tissue specific Glucokinase- Liver controls blood glucose levels. Hexokinase in muscle - allosteric inhibition by ATP Hexokinase in brain - NO allosteric inhibition by ATP ...
Pathology Ketone bodies are created at moderate
... can be converted to glucose when needed. There are also small stores of glycogen in muscle tissue. When necessary protein can be stripped from muscle to convert to glucose in times of extreme need. Likewise fatty acids can be converted to ketones by breaking down fat stored in adipose tissue. It may ...
... can be converted to glucose when needed. There are also small stores of glycogen in muscle tissue. When necessary protein can be stripped from muscle to convert to glucose in times of extreme need. Likewise fatty acids can be converted to ketones by breaking down fat stored in adipose tissue. It may ...
Slide 1
... 3 reactions of gluconeogenesis that are catalyzed by non-glycolytic enzyme Since gluconeogenesis is essentially a reversal anabolic pathway of catabolic glycolysis most of the steps of gluconeogenesis use the same enzymes that catalyze the process of glycolysis. The flow of carbon, of course, is i ...
... 3 reactions of gluconeogenesis that are catalyzed by non-glycolytic enzyme Since gluconeogenesis is essentially a reversal anabolic pathway of catabolic glycolysis most of the steps of gluconeogenesis use the same enzymes that catalyze the process of glycolysis. The flow of carbon, of course, is i ...
allosteric activator
... This may reduce utilization of glucose and gluconeogenesis of amino acid, so decrease the breakdown of protein. ...
... This may reduce utilization of glucose and gluconeogenesis of amino acid, so decrease the breakdown of protein. ...
Characterization of Escherichia coZi adenylate cyclase mutants with
... adenylate cyclase (AC) activity is regulated is not yet understood. In the presence of glucose, enzymeIIIglucose, a component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS), regulates uptake of non-PTS sugars (inducer exclusion : Magasanik, 1970)and AC activity. The model proposed for the regulation of AC w ...
... adenylate cyclase (AC) activity is regulated is not yet understood. In the presence of glucose, enzymeIIIglucose, a component of the phosphotransferase system (PTS), regulates uptake of non-PTS sugars (inducer exclusion : Magasanik, 1970)and AC activity. The model proposed for the regulation of AC w ...
30 Synthesis of Glycosides, Lactose, Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
... derivatives use activated sugars attached to nucleotides. Both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose are used for glycosyltransferase reactions in many systems. Lactose, for example, is synthesized from UDP-galactose and glucose in the mammary gland. UDP-glucose also can be oxidized to form UDP-glucuronate, ...
... derivatives use activated sugars attached to nucleotides. Both UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose are used for glycosyltransferase reactions in many systems. Lactose, for example, is synthesized from UDP-galactose and glucose in the mammary gland. UDP-glucose also can be oxidized to form UDP-glucuronate, ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.