GLYCOLYSIS
... • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerobically. ...
... • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerobically. ...
bch222 tutorial kit - Covenant University
... Reduced efflux of K + depolarizes the membrane, thereby opening voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. The resulting influx of Ca2+ triggers the release of insulin by exocytosis. Insulin lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake by the tissues In the liver, insulin also act ...
... Reduced efflux of K + depolarizes the membrane, thereby opening voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. The resulting influx of Ca2+ triggers the release of insulin by exocytosis. Insulin lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake by the tissues In the liver, insulin also act ...
GOALS FOR LECTURE 9:
... ∆G, hexokinase (or glucokinase) for step 1, phosphofructokinase for step 3, and pyruvate kinase for step 10, are the primary steps for allosteric enzyme regulation. Generally, enzymes that catalyze essentially irreversible steps in metabolic pathways are potential sites for regulatory control. Usual ...
... ∆G, hexokinase (or glucokinase) for step 1, phosphofructokinase for step 3, and pyruvate kinase for step 10, are the primary steps for allosteric enzyme regulation. Generally, enzymes that catalyze essentially irreversible steps in metabolic pathways are potential sites for regulatory control. Usual ...
Exploring Nitrogen Fixing, Chemo heterotrophic Oligophiles from
... Results and Conclusions Photographs of some common bacteria unable to grow on dilute media were shown in figures 1-5. Several colonies were obtained on 1:100, 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions of Nitrogen free glucose agar after 4-5 days of incubation at room temperature. Nitrogen free glucose agar with th ...
... Results and Conclusions Photographs of some common bacteria unable to grow on dilute media were shown in figures 1-5. Several colonies were obtained on 1:100, 1:500 and 1:1000 dilutions of Nitrogen free glucose agar after 4-5 days of incubation at room temperature. Nitrogen free glucose agar with th ...
WEEK FOUR
... The absorbed sugars are carried by the portal blood to the liver. Note: Cellulose and hemi-cellulose escaping the small intestine of poultry or pigs are substrats of fermentation which occur in the caecum. This microbial action resemble the ruminal fermentation of polysaccharide. The capacity of non ...
... The absorbed sugars are carried by the portal blood to the liver. Note: Cellulose and hemi-cellulose escaping the small intestine of poultry or pigs are substrats of fermentation which occur in the caecum. This microbial action resemble the ruminal fermentation of polysaccharide. The capacity of non ...
Metabolism of RBC
... • Role of NADPH in RBC’s is to reduce gluthathione to sulfhydryl form • Essential for maintaining structure of Hb (keeps Hb in ferrous state) ...
... • Role of NADPH in RBC’s is to reduce gluthathione to sulfhydryl form • Essential for maintaining structure of Hb (keeps Hb in ferrous state) ...
Sigma Factors & the Hrp
... working version of an enzyme cf. apoenzyme - missing specific cofactors that allow it to perform its job ...
... working version of an enzyme cf. apoenzyme - missing specific cofactors that allow it to perform its job ...
biochem 31 [3-20
... a. When levels are high they allostericly inhibit fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase and activate phoshphofructokinase-1, both of which favor glycolysis. When levels are low, the allosteric inhibition is low and PFK-1 activity is low, favoring gluconeogenisis. 16. How is glucokinase activity regulated by g ...
... a. When levels are high they allostericly inhibit fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase and activate phoshphofructokinase-1, both of which favor glycolysis. When levels are low, the allosteric inhibition is low and PFK-1 activity is low, favoring gluconeogenisis. 16. How is glucokinase activity regulated by g ...
Glycolysis 2
... phosphorylates a variety of hexose sugars inhibited by the product of the reaction, glucose-6-P ...
... phosphorylates a variety of hexose sugars inhibited by the product of the reaction, glucose-6-P ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isoma ...
... C. It acts on cooked starch and glycogen breaking α 1-4 bonds, converting them into maltose [a disaccharide containing two glucose molecules attached by α 1-4 linkage]. This bond is not attacked by -amylase. Because both starch and glycogen also contain 1-6 bonds, the resulting digest contains isoma ...
BHS 150.2 Biochemistry Date: 01/25/13, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel
... Glucagon works via a metabotropic receptor mechanism Our bodies can store enough glycogen for 12 hours, after that, our bodies undergo gluconeogenesis: using other sources such as amino acids and carbs to produce new glucose if glucose levels fall too low Glycogen Metabolism Glycogen: storage form o ...
... Glucagon works via a metabotropic receptor mechanism Our bodies can store enough glycogen for 12 hours, after that, our bodies undergo gluconeogenesis: using other sources such as amino acids and carbs to produce new glucose if glucose levels fall too low Glycogen Metabolism Glycogen: storage form o ...
2007
... the rII gene. How did they isolate the mutants? Is it a selection or screen? Answer: They plated the rIIB mutant FCO on E. coli K and looked for plaques. This is a selection because only revertants can grow on the K strain. c). (5 points) They found that the frequency of revertants was very high whe ...
... the rII gene. How did they isolate the mutants? Is it a selection or screen? Answer: They plated the rIIB mutant FCO on E. coli K and looked for plaques. This is a selection because only revertants can grow on the K strain. c). (5 points) They found that the frequency of revertants was very high whe ...
Clinical biochemistry (4) Carbohydrate
... The usual procedure of GTT is to determine the level of blood glucose un fasting state and at various interval after 75g glucose load. Administer orally a solution of pure glucose (75g) should be dissolved in 250-350ml of water and should be asked to drink within 2-3 minutes. Children 1.75g glucos ...
... The usual procedure of GTT is to determine the level of blood glucose un fasting state and at various interval after 75g glucose load. Administer orally a solution of pure glucose (75g) should be dissolved in 250-350ml of water and should be asked to drink within 2-3 minutes. Children 1.75g glucos ...
S1 Text.
... down-regulation of PTEN1 (At5g39400; FCH = 0.19; Table S5) a phosphoinositide 3phosphatase [2]. Since transcripts for PTEN1 were also reduced in fax1 knockout stems (see Table S6), this phosphatase might play a general role in signaling associated with the loss of FAX1 function. Interestingly only o ...
... down-regulation of PTEN1 (At5g39400; FCH = 0.19; Table S5) a phosphoinositide 3phosphatase [2]. Since transcripts for PTEN1 were also reduced in fax1 knockout stems (see Table S6), this phosphatase might play a general role in signaling associated with the loss of FAX1 function. Interestingly only o ...
Translation
... Schematic drawing showing how a series of ribosomes can simultaneously translate the same eucaryotic mRNA molecule ...
... Schematic drawing showing how a series of ribosomes can simultaneously translate the same eucaryotic mRNA molecule ...
Exam II Review Document
... Some eukaryotic regulatory sequences are far from the promoter. Of these, sequences that activate genes and exert positive control on transcription are called enhancers. (Fig. 19.6) Sequences that shut down gene expression and exert negative control on transcription are called silencers. Regulatory ...
... Some eukaryotic regulatory sequences are far from the promoter. Of these, sequences that activate genes and exert positive control on transcription are called enhancers. (Fig. 19.6) Sequences that shut down gene expression and exert negative control on transcription are called silencers. Regulatory ...
GOALS FOR LECTURE 7:
... Fates of pyruvate In most animal and plant cells, glycolysis is a prelude to the final stage of energy production, which occurs in the mitochondria. Pyruvate is imported into mitochondria, where it is converted into acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is an important building block in biosynthetic reactions. It ...
... Fates of pyruvate In most animal and plant cells, glycolysis is a prelude to the final stage of energy production, which occurs in the mitochondria. Pyruvate is imported into mitochondria, where it is converted into acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is an important building block in biosynthetic reactions. It ...
Cloning, Expression, and Nucleotide Sequence of lid?
... Cloning, Expression, and Nucleotide Sequence of lid?, the Repressor for High-Affinity Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transport in Escherichia coZi Tammy K. Antonucci, Lois M. Wagner, and Dale L. Oxender Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481090606 The livR ...
... Cloning, Expression, and Nucleotide Sequence of lid?, the Repressor for High-Affinity Branched-Chain Amino Acid Transport in Escherichia coZi Tammy K. Antonucci, Lois M. Wagner, and Dale L. Oxender Department of Biological Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481090606 The livR ...
transcription factors
... Pol II – mRNA and snRNA (small nuclear RNA, involved in splicing) Pol III – small RNA’s (tRNA, 5s rRNA …) We will concentrate on Pol II although many features are common to all three. ...
... Pol II – mRNA and snRNA (small nuclear RNA, involved in splicing) Pol III – small RNA’s (tRNA, 5s rRNA …) We will concentrate on Pol II although many features are common to all three. ...
No Slide Title
... Structure of Prokaryotic promoters Three DNA sequences (core regions) 1) Pribnow box at -10 (10 bp 5’ to transcription start) 5’-TATAAT-3’ determines exact start site: bound by s factor 2)” -35 region” : 5’-TTGACA-3’ : bound by s factor 3) UP element : -57: bound by a factor Other sequences also of ...
... Structure of Prokaryotic promoters Three DNA sequences (core regions) 1) Pribnow box at -10 (10 bp 5’ to transcription start) 5’-TATAAT-3’ determines exact start site: bound by s factor 2)” -35 region” : 5’-TTGACA-3’ : bound by s factor 3) UP element : -57: bound by a factor Other sequences also of ...
pharmaceutical effects on gene expresson Edited Tambellini
... indicate the presence of an intact Lac Z. If Lac Z is intact, alpha complementation restores Bgalactosidase activity, with resulting cleavage of X-Gal which leads to characteristic blue colony phenotype. • This technique allows for the quick and easy detection of successful gene integration into pla ...
... indicate the presence of an intact Lac Z. If Lac Z is intact, alpha complementation restores Bgalactosidase activity, with resulting cleavage of X-Gal which leads to characteristic blue colony phenotype. • This technique allows for the quick and easy detection of successful gene integration into pla ...
Carbohydrate Chemistry - Dr. Sato-Bigbee
... carboxylic acid. Oxidation of glucose at C1: gluconic acid, at C6: glucuronic acid. ...
... carboxylic acid. Oxidation of glucose at C1: gluconic acid, at C6: glucuronic acid. ...
Glucose Support Formula
... • Gymnema sylvestre, an herb used for over 2,000 years in India and standardized to contain 75% gymnemic acids, to nutritionally support the insulin producing cells of the pancreas.* • Alpha lipoic acid, a versatile nutrient that provides powerful antioxidant activity and sustains healthy glucose ...
... • Gymnema sylvestre, an herb used for over 2,000 years in India and standardized to contain 75% gymnemic acids, to nutritionally support the insulin producing cells of the pancreas.* • Alpha lipoic acid, a versatile nutrient that provides powerful antioxidant activity and sustains healthy glucose ...
Probabilistic Segmentation - Department of Zoology, UBC
... • Most known transcriptional control elements can appear on either the coding or the noncoding DNA strand. Among the 404 motifs, there were 35 pairs of inverse complements (versus fewer than two pairs expected by chance, p < 10−20). • In addition, 71 of these 404 long words fell into families of rel ...
... • Most known transcriptional control elements can appear on either the coding or the noncoding DNA strand. Among the 404 motifs, there were 35 pairs of inverse complements (versus fewer than two pairs expected by chance, p < 10−20). • In addition, 71 of these 404 long words fell into families of rel ...
Selective & Differential media
... of Gram-positive bacteria selecting for Gram-negative bacteria. ...
... of Gram-positive bacteria selecting for Gram-negative bacteria. ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.