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... processes are also subject to international spillovers; this means that the model can represent multiple externalities, which can be partly internalized when coalitions are formed. Bosetti et al. (2009) evaluated the potential environmental effectiveness of all 4069 coalitions that would result from ...
... processes are also subject to international spillovers; this means that the model can represent multiple externalities, which can be partly internalized when coalitions are formed. Bosetti et al. (2009) evaluated the potential environmental effectiveness of all 4069 coalitions that would result from ...
Science, Scientists, and Local Weather: Understanding Mass
... cycles that are beyond the control of humankind, and in any event there is little that society can do to affect major changes in the world’s climate. Still other Americans deny that climate change exists at all. For these Americans, concerns about global warming are not only unwarranted but rather r ...
... cycles that are beyond the control of humankind, and in any event there is little that society can do to affect major changes in the world’s climate. Still other Americans deny that climate change exists at all. For these Americans, concerns about global warming are not only unwarranted but rather r ...
Adapted from a Public Briefing
... understanding of potential changes in weather and climate extremes. 10. Research should focus on the development of a better understanding of the physical processes that produce extremes and how these processes change with climate. 11. Enhanced communication between the climate science community and ...
... understanding of potential changes in weather and climate extremes. 10. Research should focus on the development of a better understanding of the physical processes that produce extremes and how these processes change with climate. 11. Enhanced communication between the climate science community and ...
Rethinking corporate social responsibility in the age of climate change
... and Atmospheric Administration 2015) and increased extreme events and climatic variability are projected to increase (Ingram et al. 2013). By 2050 the economic impact of extreme events and climatic variability is projected to increase financial losses by factors up to 3.9 times those currently exper ...
... and Atmospheric Administration 2015) and increased extreme events and climatic variability are projected to increase (Ingram et al. 2013). By 2050 the economic impact of extreme events and climatic variability is projected to increase financial losses by factors up to 3.9 times those currently exper ...
The Disputed Science of
... floods in Germany during August 2002 were caused by a jet stream in the upper atmosphere moving from its usual location in the north Atlantic and sweeping in a circle that took it across western Europe. No connection with either global warming or increased levels of carbon dioxide can be established ...
... floods in Germany during August 2002 were caused by a jet stream in the upper atmosphere moving from its usual location in the north Atlantic and sweeping in a circle that took it across western Europe. No connection with either global warming or increased levels of carbon dioxide can be established ...
emissions - Alan Robock
... less sunlight for solar power, and make skies less blue. Furthermore it would hamper Earthbased optical astronomy, do nothing to stop ocean acidification, and present many ethical and moral issues. Further work is needed to quantify many of these factors to allow informed decision-making. ...
... less sunlight for solar power, and make skies less blue. Furthermore it would hamper Earthbased optical astronomy, do nothing to stop ocean acidification, and present many ethical and moral issues. Further work is needed to quantify many of these factors to allow informed decision-making. ...
Human Factors Explain the Increased Losses from Weather and
... FIG. 1. Annual losses (in 1997 dollars) to insured property in the United States the weather events causing losses from weather extremes during 1949–97 (Changnon et al. 1997). > $1 billion have not been increasing in frequency over time and these 22 ing climate (Lecomte 1993; Flavin 1994; American v ...
... FIG. 1. Annual losses (in 1997 dollars) to insured property in the United States the weather events causing losses from weather extremes during 1949–97 (Changnon et al. 1997). > $1 billion have not been increasing in frequency over time and these 22 ing climate (Lecomte 1993; Flavin 1994; American v ...
Temporary storage of carbon in the biosphere does have value for
... visible and we know when to implement the carbon removal. In the SRES scenarios analyzed by Kirschbaum the maximum single-year impacts of instantaneous temperature occur in 2100, but would be even higher in 2101. In these cases, avoiding the maximum threshold in 2100 is meaningless from the point of ...
... visible and we know when to implement the carbon removal. In the SRES scenarios analyzed by Kirschbaum the maximum single-year impacts of instantaneous temperature occur in 2100, but would be even higher in 2101. In these cases, avoiding the maximum threshold in 2100 is meaningless from the point of ...
and the new Industrial Revolution
... climate change is now unavoidable (IPCC, 2014). Managing the risks of climate change is therefore an essential part of green growth. This is a particular challenge in developing countries because they are forced to plan for potentially severe changes to their climate and weather patterns at the same ...
... climate change is now unavoidable (IPCC, 2014). Managing the risks of climate change is therefore an essential part of green growth. This is a particular challenge in developing countries because they are forced to plan for potentially severe changes to their climate and weather patterns at the same ...
Jessica Ayers - Initiative on Climate Adaptation Research and
... interests, so what would be the result of the participation process?”28 An expertdriven, impacts-based perspective on adaptation actually makes inclusiveness problematic because it “run[s] a high risk of encountering elements of local opposition, especially under conditions of scientific uncertainty ...
... interests, so what would be the result of the participation process?”28 An expertdriven, impacts-based perspective on adaptation actually makes inclusiveness problematic because it “run[s] a high risk of encountering elements of local opposition, especially under conditions of scientific uncertainty ...
A preliminary assessment of the impact of climate change on non-life insurance demand in the BRICS economies: Working Paper 63 (379 kB) (opens in new window)
... Over the next 20 years, the macroeconomic effects of climate change, such as impacts on inflation rates, interest rates, commodity prices and growth are expected to be relatively small (Mercer 2010). However, there are significant uncertainties here. For example, Hertel et al. (2010) suggest that pr ...
... Over the next 20 years, the macroeconomic effects of climate change, such as impacts on inflation rates, interest rates, commodity prices and growth are expected to be relatively small (Mercer 2010). However, there are significant uncertainties here. For example, Hertel et al. (2010) suggest that pr ...
Sensitivity of the Humboldt Current system to global warming: a
... oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the next decades under various emission scenarios of atmospheric CO2. These simulations provide an invaluable tool to study global and regional climate change. However, global models generally have a rather coarse spatial resolution (*2–3° in the atmosphere, *1– ...
... oceanic and atmospheric conditions in the next decades under various emission scenarios of atmospheric CO2. These simulations provide an invaluable tool to study global and regional climate change. However, global models generally have a rather coarse spatial resolution (*2–3° in the atmosphere, *1– ...
INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Chapter 11 Antarctica and Neogene
... elsewhere around the world. In particular, the steps in the Antarctic climate that have been interpreted from these studies include those shown in Table 11.1. This is an important point. Some students think only of the impact that global climate has on Antarctica. Antarctic Ice can be both influence ...
... elsewhere around the world. In particular, the steps in the Antarctic climate that have been interpreted from these studies include those shown in Table 11.1. This is an important point. Some students think only of the impact that global climate has on Antarctica. Antarctic Ice can be both influence ...
Climate change in the UKOTs an overview of the science
... • The 1990s were the hottest decade on record and 1998 the hottest year on record since temperature recording began some 150 years ago. Climate change is happening at a much faster rate than originally expected. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an assessment team of hundreds of ...
... • The 1990s were the hottest decade on record and 1998 the hottest year on record since temperature recording began some 150 years ago. Climate change is happening at a much faster rate than originally expected. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), an assessment team of hundreds of ...
Planning Horizons no.2 | Future
... it is timely to review the challenges that we face now and their potential to shape professional planning for the next 100 years. Our Planning Horizons series of papers considers how planning needs to respond to some of the major challenges we face in the twenty-first century. These challenges are a ...
... it is timely to review the challenges that we face now and their potential to shape professional planning for the next 100 years. Our Planning Horizons series of papers considers how planning needs to respond to some of the major challenges we face in the twenty-first century. These challenges are a ...
Projected impacts of climate change on a continent
... Present address: Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, ...
... Present address: Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Slimbridge, ...
Exploring Climate Patterns Embedded in Global Climate Change
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
... Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers a new methodological framework to study the interaction of atmospheric and oceanic processes. The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event is one such event with a global impact on weather patterns. On the other hand, the increase in CO2 can have signific ...
On the feedback of stratospheric clouds on polar climate
... and Pollard [1998]: PSCs are absent when there is non-zero solar heating of the stratosphere (since temperatures are then above the local frost point), and they form in the polar night, when temperatures are able to fall below the frost point. However, our model is also able to simulate short time-s ...
... and Pollard [1998]: PSCs are absent when there is non-zero solar heating of the stratosphere (since temperatures are then above the local frost point), and they form in the polar night, when temperatures are able to fall below the frost point. However, our model is also able to simulate short time-s ...
How Climate Change Uniquely Impacts the Physical, Social and
... 2.0 Physical Effects Of Climate Change On First Nations ..................................................4 2.1 Effect of Climate Change on Access to Northern Communities and Transportation.....4 2.2 Effect of Climate Change on Water Quality and Quantity ............................................. ...
... 2.0 Physical Effects Of Climate Change On First Nations ..................................................4 2.1 Effect of Climate Change on Access to Northern Communities and Transportation.....4 2.2 Effect of Climate Change on Water Quality and Quantity ............................................. ...
Corporate Social Responsibility, Negative Externalities
... These studies all share a common focus on the effects of firm-specific negative events. However, when considering ecological and social issues, there are not always discrete negative events that can be attributed to individual companies. Instead, many environmental and social issues develop over tim ...
... These studies all share a common focus on the effects of firm-specific negative events. However, when considering ecological and social issues, there are not always discrete negative events that can be attributed to individual companies. Instead, many environmental and social issues develop over tim ...
Climate Change and US Interests
... States. If one believes that the results of these models represent an accurate forecast of climate change impacts, then the climate change winner argument has considerable force. But these models provide only a lower bound on climate change’s possible impact rather than an accurate prediction of its ...
... States. If one believes that the results of these models represent an accurate forecast of climate change impacts, then the climate change winner argument has considerable force. But these models provide only a lower bound on climate change’s possible impact rather than an accurate prediction of its ...
Towards the Strengthening of European Coordination between
... The Importance of providing coherence to the usage There are currently no strategic agreements in place for facilitating European level coordination of Polar research observatories and stationsbringing together all regional scientific and logistical hubs in the Arctic Region. Taking into account th ...
... The Importance of providing coherence to the usage There are currently no strategic agreements in place for facilitating European level coordination of Polar research observatories and stationsbringing together all regional scientific and logistical hubs in the Arctic Region. Taking into account th ...
Earth`s Climate
... An ice age is defined as a period of Earth’s history when permanent ice sheets (student book, p. 3) exist, usually centered over the poles. Glaciers (student book, p. 8) might also exist at high elevations far from the poles, such as on Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania today, which sits only 3° south of ...
... An ice age is defined as a period of Earth’s history when permanent ice sheets (student book, p. 3) exist, usually centered over the poles. Glaciers (student book, p. 8) might also exist at high elevations far from the poles, such as on Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania today, which sits only 3° south of ...
Risk in International Politics Randall W. Stone
... public investment (insurance) to buy against a particular long-term problem, she balances the marginal cost against her own marginal utility of insurance. Under fairly unrestrictive assumptions about the distribution of preferences, the median voter’s beneªt from insurance is lower than the average ...
... public investment (insurance) to buy against a particular long-term problem, she balances the marginal cost against her own marginal utility of insurance. Under fairly unrestrictive assumptions about the distribution of preferences, the median voter’s beneªt from insurance is lower than the average ...
of H.G. Brauch (26 November 2007) - AFES
... Vulnerability: useful framework for consequences of GEC on human societies. Vuln. Assessment: risk of diverse outcomes given a variety of stresses that may reduce response capacity and adaptation to stressors. Vulnerability to GEC: risk of adverse outcomes to receptors or exposure units (human group ...
... Vulnerability: useful framework for consequences of GEC on human societies. Vuln. Assessment: risk of diverse outcomes given a variety of stresses that may reduce response capacity and adaptation to stressors. Vulnerability to GEC: risk of adverse outcomes to receptors or exposure units (human group ...