Introduction to ecology and env
... A pyramid of standing crop (or of numbers) may be inverted, i.e., a higher trophic level may have a larger standing crop than a lower trophic level. This can occur if the lower trophic level has a high rate of turnover of small individuals (and high rate of productivity), such that the First and Sec ...
... A pyramid of standing crop (or of numbers) may be inverted, i.e., a higher trophic level may have a larger standing crop than a lower trophic level. This can occur if the lower trophic level has a high rate of turnover of small individuals (and high rate of productivity), such that the First and Sec ...
Functional diversity and traitenvironment relationships of stream fish
... expected to be similar (Schlosser, 1987), but have not been well studied across large fluvial gradients. Previous studies have provided some theoretical expectations regarding functional diversity in streams across environmental gradients. The River Continuum Concept (RCC; Vannote et al., 1980) prov ...
... expected to be similar (Schlosser, 1987), but have not been well studied across large fluvial gradients. Previous studies have provided some theoretical expectations regarding functional diversity in streams across environmental gradients. The River Continuum Concept (RCC; Vannote et al., 1980) prov ...
Macrophytes as habitat for fauna
... These comprise substrate for large areas of diverse macroalgal beds from the shore down to 20 to 30 m depth, altogether estimated to cover an area greater than 10 000 km2. Thus, it is important to identify the role of macrophyte beds as habitats for other organisms, and the Norwegian coast provides ...
... These comprise substrate for large areas of diverse macroalgal beds from the shore down to 20 to 30 m depth, altogether estimated to cover an area greater than 10 000 km2. Thus, it is important to identify the role of macrophyte beds as habitats for other organisms, and the Norwegian coast provides ...
Herbivory from Individuals to Ecosystems
... I begin by readdressing the whole notion of resource limitation from the perspective of herbivores acting as adaptive consumers that are attempting to maximize the intake of nutrients to meet needs for survival, growth, and reproduction (fitness). Adaptive herbivores effectively deal with an optimiza ...
... I begin by readdressing the whole notion of resource limitation from the perspective of herbivores acting as adaptive consumers that are attempting to maximize the intake of nutrients to meet needs for survival, growth, and reproduction (fitness). Adaptive herbivores effectively deal with an optimiza ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene
... et al. 2009). In essence, humans joined a highly competitive predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by ...
... et al. 2009). In essence, humans joined a highly competitive predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by ...
Sources of mortality and associated life-cycle traits of
... The purpose of this review is to summarise the available information on the responses of selected benthic species to natural and anthropogenic influences, amongst which the effects of fishing activities are of particular current interest, in relation to assessments of the quality status of the North ...
... The purpose of this review is to summarise the available information on the responses of selected benthic species to natural and anthropogenic influences, amongst which the effects of fishing activities are of particular current interest, in relation to assessments of the quality status of the North ...
Linking Top-down Forces to the Pleistocene Megafaunal Extinctions
... et al. 2009). In essence, humans joined a highly competitive predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by ...
... et al. 2009). In essence, humans joined a highly competitive predator guild but were able to do so without paying the usual costs of competition and intraguild predation. The top-down forcing hypothesis relies on humans favoring large prey (ungulates, proboscideans, etc.) that were also preferred by ...
Stream Care Guide
... migrate out to sea where they mature for two years, and return to their native freshwater streams to spawn and die. Because all non-hatchery females are three years old, coho salmon develop three consecutive “year classes” in each stream. Since coho salmon are at the southern distribution of their r ...
... migrate out to sea where they mature for two years, and return to their native freshwater streams to spawn and die. Because all non-hatchery females are three years old, coho salmon develop three consecutive “year classes” in each stream. Since coho salmon are at the southern distribution of their r ...
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the
... large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosystems, subject to resource supply and thermal, mechanical, and demographic constraints (24). Lacking effective predators, megaher ...
... large size is a generally effective strategy for protection against predators, which is one of the factors that results in a tendency toward large animal size in all ecosystems, subject to resource supply and thermal, mechanical, and demographic constraints (24). Lacking effective predators, megaher ...
Ecology - Shelburne Farms
... stream, and life became very hard for them. They sent someone upstream to see why the stream had stopped. Before long, the man came back. “There is a dam across the stream,” he said. “It is holding back all the water. There are guards on the dam. They say their chief is keeping all the water for him ...
... stream, and life became very hard for them. They sent someone upstream to see why the stream had stopped. Before long, the man came back. “There is a dam across the stream,” he said. “It is holding back all the water. There are guards on the dam. They say their chief is keeping all the water for him ...
Does diet in Celtic Sea fishes reflect prey availability?
... Upper and lower limits of these relationships (90% and 10% quantiles) changed at different rates (Table I), and in every case the slope of the relationship between predator length and maximum (90% quantile) prey size was greater than the slope of the relationship with minimum prey size (10% quantile ...
... Upper and lower limits of these relationships (90% and 10% quantiles) changed at different rates (Table I), and in every case the slope of the relationship between predator length and maximum (90% quantile) prey size was greater than the slope of the relationship with minimum prey size (10% quantile ...
Orconectes rusticus_Govas_2011
... candidate to become an invasive species since they can readily eat a wide range of items including terrestrial leaf litter, benthic algae, ...
... candidate to become an invasive species since they can readily eat a wide range of items including terrestrial leaf litter, benthic algae, ...
Predators indirectly protect tundra plants by reducing herbivore
... trophic cascades. We thus compared the effect of greysided voles (Clethrionomys rufocanus ) on shrubby tundra vegetation between island and mainland areas over a three year period. The islands used in this study had strongly reduced predator densities, with only scattered observations of non-breedin ...
... trophic cascades. We thus compared the effect of greysided voles (Clethrionomys rufocanus ) on shrubby tundra vegetation between island and mainland areas over a three year period. The islands used in this study had strongly reduced predator densities, with only scattered observations of non-breedin ...
video slide
... 2 In spring, as the sun melts the ice, the surface water warms to 4°C and sinks below the cooler layers immediately below, eliminating the thermal stratification. Spring winds mix the water to great depth, bringing oxygen (O2) to the bottom waters (see graphs) and nutrients to the surface. O2 (mg/L) ...
... 2 In spring, as the sun melts the ice, the surface water warms to 4°C and sinks below the cooler layers immediately below, eliminating the thermal stratification. Spring winds mix the water to great depth, bringing oxygen (O2) to the bottom waters (see graphs) and nutrients to the surface. O2 (mg/L) ...
Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) - Texas 4-H
... The striped bass is the largest member of the sea bass family, often called "temperate" or "true" bass to distinguish it from species such as largemouth, smallmouth, and spotted bass which are actually members of the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Although Morone is of unknown derivation, saxatilis i ...
... The striped bass is the largest member of the sea bass family, often called "temperate" or "true" bass to distinguish it from species such as largemouth, smallmouth, and spotted bass which are actually members of the sunfish family Centrarchidae. Although Morone is of unknown derivation, saxatilis i ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 45(2), 2000, 350–361
... the literature, several assumptions were altered. Most important here is the addition of a flux from nanophytoplankton to ciliates (Madoni et al. 1990; Sherr et al. 1991) and alteration of the assumptions on bacterial production and respiration. Third, by examining 14 seasonal periods over 4 yr, the ...
... the literature, several assumptions were altered. Most important here is the addition of a flux from nanophytoplankton to ciliates (Madoni et al. 1990; Sherr et al. 1991) and alteration of the assumptions on bacterial production and respiration. Third, by examining 14 seasonal periods over 4 yr, the ...