Introduction to Environmentally Transmitted Pathogens, Part 1
... • Vehicles: inanimate objects/materials by which organisms get from one host to another; includes water, food, objects (called fomites) and biological products (e.g., blood). • Amplifiers: Types of reservoirs where organisms proliferate; often applied to organisms transmitted by the airborne route. ...
... • Vehicles: inanimate objects/materials by which organisms get from one host to another; includes water, food, objects (called fomites) and biological products (e.g., blood). • Amplifiers: Types of reservoirs where organisms proliferate; often applied to organisms transmitted by the airborne route. ...
Rubella German measles
... meningococcal polysaccharides are been available. Quadrivalent ACYW-135 vaccine is safe, effective in adults & children above 2 years, but do not elicit long term protection, particularly in children under 5 years of age.(so not used in routine childhood immunization program). ...
... meningococcal polysaccharides are been available. Quadrivalent ACYW-135 vaccine is safe, effective in adults & children above 2 years, but do not elicit long term protection, particularly in children under 5 years of age.(so not used in routine childhood immunization program). ...
Ebola Virus Disease
... As much as possible, healthcare facilities should use EPA-approved disinfectants that are not associated with causing work-related asthma or trigger existing asthma. An example of a disinfectant that should be used sparingly or not at all is sodium hypochlorite ...
... As much as possible, healthcare facilities should use EPA-approved disinfectants that are not associated with causing work-related asthma or trigger existing asthma. An example of a disinfectant that should be used sparingly or not at all is sodium hypochlorite ...
Zoonotic Transmission of Two New Strains of Human T
... hunters of NHPs living in Gabon, Central Africa. The fact that these viruses were found exclusively in 2 persons severely bitten by a gorilla (2/102) and not in persons bitten by a chimpanzee (0/34) or a small monkey (0/164) suggests zoonotic transmission of this retrovirus to humans through a bite ...
... hunters of NHPs living in Gabon, Central Africa. The fact that these viruses were found exclusively in 2 persons severely bitten by a gorilla (2/102) and not in persons bitten by a chimpanzee (0/34) or a small monkey (0/164) suggests zoonotic transmission of this retrovirus to humans through a bite ...
VTMD-3925 Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses
... The only way WNV has been transmitted in the U.S. so far is through the wild-bird-mosquito-cycle. People are exposed to the WNV from the bite of a mosquito infected with the virus. As in horses, human infection with the WNV does not always cause clinical illness. Some people with a WNV infection wil ...
... The only way WNV has been transmitted in the U.S. so far is through the wild-bird-mosquito-cycle. People are exposed to the WNV from the bite of a mosquito infected with the virus. As in horses, human infection with the WNV does not always cause clinical illness. Some people with a WNV infection wil ...
What you should know about Ebola
... However, whether this is the mechanism for protection from fatal disease remains to be proven Convalescence is extended and often associated with sequelae such as myelitis, recurrent hepatitis, psychosis, or uveitis ...
... However, whether this is the mechanism for protection from fatal disease remains to be proven Convalescence is extended and often associated with sequelae such as myelitis, recurrent hepatitis, psychosis, or uveitis ...
Rinderpest
... Historically, the virus was widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia; recently however, it has only occurred in Africa and Asia. Gene sequence analysis has shown that all known rinderpest isolates fall into one of three non-overlapping phylogenetic lineages, and in recent years it has ...
... Historically, the virus was widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa, and Asia; recently however, it has only occurred in Africa and Asia. Gene sequence analysis has shown that all known rinderpest isolates fall into one of three non-overlapping phylogenetic lineages, and in recent years it has ...
Viruses (and Worms)
... 20,000 files to check x 30,000 virus signatures to test against = 600,000,000 tests to perform @ 1 test per microsecond => 10 minutes to perform the virus check ...
... 20,000 files to check x 30,000 virus signatures to test against = 600,000,000 tests to perform @ 1 test per microsecond => 10 minutes to perform the virus check ...
Detection of Classical Swine Fever with the LightCycler Instrument
... 2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Maine, U.S.A. *Corresponding author: gerd.haberhausen@roche.com ...
... 2Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Maine, U.S.A. *Corresponding author: gerd.haberhausen@roche.com ...
New pathogen discovery
... increased the sensitivity of sequence-based virus detection and characterization 7. About 2 million probes covering members of 207 viral taxa known to infect vertebrates including humans have been recently developed by Ian Lipkin and his associates. This technology has led to 100–10,000 fold increas ...
... increased the sensitivity of sequence-based virus detection and characterization 7. About 2 million probes covering members of 207 viral taxa known to infect vertebrates including humans have been recently developed by Ian Lipkin and his associates. This technology has led to 100–10,000 fold increas ...
-An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with
... hepatitis B surface antigen positive for at least 6 months) . More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe ...
... hepatitis B surface antigen positive for at least 6 months) . More than 686 000 people die every year due to complications of hepatitis B, including cirrhosis and liver cancer.Hepatitis B is an important occupational hazard for health workers. However, it can be prevented by currently available safe ...
Ebola Virus
... basic (barrier) infection control techniques. In addition to high viral titers in blood, the skin of patients is extensively infected. This probably accounts for the risk to those participating in traditional preparation of the cadaver and burial traditions. Interhuman spread of Ebola virus in the A ...
... basic (barrier) infection control techniques. In addition to high viral titers in blood, the skin of patients is extensively infected. This probably accounts for the risk to those participating in traditional preparation of the cadaver and burial traditions. Interhuman spread of Ebola virus in the A ...
Emerging and re-emerging infections
... simultaneous clusters of similar illness in different areas and an outbreak of infection caused by an unusual, atypical, engineered, or antiquated strain. ...
... simultaneous clusters of similar illness in different areas and an outbreak of infection caused by an unusual, atypical, engineered, or antiquated strain. ...
Risks to the Americas associated with the continued expansion of
... Europe and the Americas were additionally heightened by the recognition of the unique risks associated with the presence of the virus in these ecologies where the virus had never before been transmitted. First, the lack of any previous exposure meant that entire populations were susceptible as no pr ...
... Europe and the Americas were additionally heightened by the recognition of the unique risks associated with the presence of the virus in these ecologies where the virus had never before been transmitted. First, the lack of any previous exposure meant that entire populations were susceptible as no pr ...
Unit (1) - 1- The microbe which is able to live in extreme
... c) Airborne d) Food born 2- A relatively sudden increase in number of cases of a particular disease in a particular area is called : a) Sporadic b) None of all c) Epidemic d) Endemic 3- the level of prevention that is concerned with health education is : a) Primary prevention b) Tertiary prevention ...
... c) Airborne d) Food born 2- A relatively sudden increase in number of cases of a particular disease in a particular area is called : a) Sporadic b) None of all c) Epidemic d) Endemic 3- the level of prevention that is concerned with health education is : a) Primary prevention b) Tertiary prevention ...
Virus
... The diagnosis is dependent upon laboratory tests. The procedure of choice is isolation of virus from throat swabs, stools, rectal swabs, and, in aseptic meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid. Serologic tests are impractical — because of the many different virus types — unless a virus has been isolated fro ...
... The diagnosis is dependent upon laboratory tests. The procedure of choice is isolation of virus from throat swabs, stools, rectal swabs, and, in aseptic meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid. Serologic tests are impractical — because of the many different virus types — unless a virus has been isolated fro ...
Fowl pox in Chickens and Turkeys Fowlpox is a slow
... PCR can be used to amplify genomic DNA sequences of various sizes using specific primers. This procedure is useful when an extremely small amount of viral DNA is present in the sample. PCR has been used effectively to differentiate field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus . Recently, 2monoclonal ...
... PCR can be used to amplify genomic DNA sequences of various sizes using specific primers. This procedure is useful when an extremely small amount of viral DNA is present in the sample. PCR has been used effectively to differentiate field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus . Recently, 2monoclonal ...
Infectious Disease - Outbreaks In Sports
... • Common source of outbreaks in hospitals/long-term care homes. • Norovirus outbreak described at a boy’s basketball tournament in Kentucky. • In total, 242 persons were infected including 154/573 (27%) of the players (36/52 teams had at least one player infected). • Spread is by direct and indirect ...
... • Common source of outbreaks in hospitals/long-term care homes. • Norovirus outbreak described at a boy’s basketball tournament in Kentucky. • In total, 242 persons were infected including 154/573 (27%) of the players (36/52 teams had at least one player infected). • Spread is by direct and indirect ...
Biological Safety Common Causes of Laboratory Infection
... OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard • A Bloodborne Pathogen is a pathogenic microorganism that is present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. • Other Fluids, Tissues & Cells • Occupational exposure? ...
... OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard • A Bloodborne Pathogen is a pathogenic microorganism that is present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. • Other Fluids, Tissues & Cells • Occupational exposure? ...
Mumps leaflet 2016 Dec
... the pre-school booster. Once a person has had mumps, they usually develop immunity against further infections. ...
... the pre-school booster. Once a person has had mumps, they usually develop immunity against further infections. ...
RSV - NSW Health
... Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a virus that causes respiratory infections. Illness is common in children under 2 years of age. In this age group RSV can cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small breathing tubes of the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lung). Infections peak in late ...
... Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a virus that causes respiratory infections. Illness is common in children under 2 years of age. In this age group RSV can cause bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small breathing tubes of the lung) and pneumonia (infection of the lung). Infections peak in late ...
Taxonomy, Classification and Diversity Study Guide (ch.17, 18, 19)
... 3. Identify the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms. What did kingdom monera get split into? What domain and kingdom do we belong? 4. Know the seven levels of the Linnaean system (in order). Which taxon includes the most members? 5. Know the proper way to write a scientific name in binomial nomenclature. Und ...
... 3. Identify the 3 domains and 6 kingdoms. What did kingdom monera get split into? What domain and kingdom do we belong? 4. Know the seven levels of the Linnaean system (in order). Which taxon includes the most members? 5. Know the proper way to write a scientific name in binomial nomenclature. Und ...
PIDPIC SOT Working Group
... EV-D68 reports during 2009–2013 • Small clusters of EV-D68 associated with respiratory illness were reported in the United States during 2009– ...
... EV-D68 reports during 2009–2013 • Small clusters of EV-D68 associated with respiratory illness were reported in the United States during 2009– ...
Reston ebolavirus in Humans and Animals in the
... (SHF), another viral disease caused by an arterivirus, and indeed SHF virus was isolated from the animals. However, Ebola virus was also noted by electron microscopy and indirect fluorescent antibody assays in the cultures. The NHPs were traced back to a Philippine exporter that shipped infected mon ...
... (SHF), another viral disease caused by an arterivirus, and indeed SHF virus was isolated from the animals. However, Ebola virus was also noted by electron microscopy and indirect fluorescent antibody assays in the cultures. The NHPs were traced back to a Philippine exporter that shipped infected mon ...
Understanding Virulent Systemic Feline Calicivirus
... visiting a contaminated clinic for a simple weight check can develop fulminant disease a few days later. Some cats have continued shedding the virus intermittently for at least four months after clinical signs resolve. Although there are no documented cases where a fully recovered cat has transmitte ...
... visiting a contaminated clinic for a simple weight check can develop fulminant disease a few days later. Some cats have continued shedding the virus intermittently for at least four months after clinical signs resolve. Although there are no documented cases where a fully recovered cat has transmitte ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.