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GI Disorders
GI Disorders

... toxins. It also slows the production of proteins and other substances made by the liver. ...
Biology Microbiology: Viruses I
Biology Microbiology: Viruses I

... by viruses are mild to severe rashes, fever, paralysis, headache, aches, swollen glands, and congestion. While bleeding may be a symptom of some viruses (e.g. Ebola), it is not common and usually presents late in the virus infection stage. ...
West Nile Virus
West Nile Virus

... Question: Which of the following is/are ways to prevent becoming infected by an intestinal parasite of dogs ...
Association of Tonate Virus (Subtype IIIB of the Venezuelan Equine
Association of Tonate Virus (Subtype IIIB of the Venezuelan Equine

... antibodies to 3 flaviviruses (yellow fever, dengue, and St. Louis encephalitis) and to alphaviruses (in the VEE complex and Mayaro) with use of an IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (MAC-ELISA) modified from that previously published [6]. The antigens were prepared by extraction of the brains of sucklin ...
Immune Serum Increases Arenavirus Replication in Monocytes
Immune Serum Increases Arenavirus Replication in Monocytes

... & Gould, 1986). In contrast, studies using antiserum to treat monkeys and guinea-pigs infected with LFV have shown a beneficial effect, with no antibody-associated increase in viraemia or decrease in survival time in either species (Jahrling, 1983; Jahrling & Peters, 1984). The present studies clear ...
Immune Serum Increases Arenavirus Replication in Monocytes
Immune Serum Increases Arenavirus Replication in Monocytes

... & Gould, 1986). In contrast, studies using antiserum to treat monkeys and guinea-pigs infected with LFV have shown a beneficial effect, with no antibody-associated increase in viraemia or decrease in survival time in either species (Jahrling, 1983; Jahrling & Peters, 1984). The present studies clear ...
Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases department
Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases department

... • Prevent outbreaks in countries currently unaffected – Multi-faceted approach to strengthen preparedness of all countries for rapidly detect and response to an Ebola exposure, especially those sharing land borders with areas of active transmission and those with international ...
Collection Areas WITH and WITHOUT Active Transmission
Collection Areas WITH and WITHOUT Active Transmission

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what is acute hiv infection
what is acute hiv infection

... • The amount of HIV in the blood gets very high within a few days or weeks after HIV infection. Some people get a flu-like illness. This first stage of HIV disease is called “acute HIV infection” or “primary HIV infection.” – Symptoms generally occur within 2 to 4 weeks. The most common symptoms are ...
Detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout
Detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in rainbow trout

... During the past 10 yr, there were no case reports of IHN viral disease in Taiwan. During these years, the rainbow trout culture industry has become popular in the high mountain area so that numerous eyed eggs have been imported from North America, Japan, and other countries every year, creating many ...
MMR - Measles, Mumps & Rubella
MMR - Measles, Mumps & Rubella

... Temperature • Fever is usually not higher than 38.5°C (101.5°F). Lymph nodes • Enlarged posterior auricular and suboccipital lymph nodes are usually found on physical examination. Mouth • The Forchheimer sign may still be present on the soft palate. ...
Climate change may boost spread of Zika, other viruses
Climate change may boost spread of Zika, other viruses

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BSc/Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology 3 BLT302
BSc/Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology 3 BLT302

... • (ii) Faecal–Oral Transmission: • This type of transmission occurs when a person drinks faecal contaminated water or eats contaminated food. Through this route, direct contact rarely occurs. Usually infection occurs through the indirect routes. Sewage is released into a drinking water supply and co ...
Chapter 19 – Viruses
Chapter 19 – Viruses

... The Lytic Cycle The phage cycle that causes death of the host cell is called the lytic cycle. When these phages exit the cell, they do so by lysing the bacterial cell membrane and cell wall. A phage that only replicates by a lytic cycle is called a virulent phage (Figure 19.5). Bacteria are not comp ...
Download Pdf Article
Download Pdf Article

... the low incidence of these manifestations of VZV infection. Acyclovir is used to treat herpes infections for many years and has a good activity to VZV, but due to low penetrability in the brain, high-dose and parenteral administration is preferred. A careful assessment of comorbidities and renal fun ...
Hemorrhagic Fevers - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit
Hemorrhagic Fevers - Leeds, Grenville and Lanark District Health Unit

... Clinical management of VHF and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), in the latter especially if complicated by dengue shock syndrome, would be the responsibility of medical specialists such as an infectious disease specialist. Contacts of DHF are not at risk, given the absence of person to person transmi ...
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How to Protect Yourself Against Infections

... have it, see your doctor right away. The doctor can treat you with antiviral drugs to promote your recovery and help ...
Corona Virus
Corona Virus

... Incubation period is 10-14 days The following have been observed:  Transmission between close contacts  Transmission from infected patients to healthcare personnel ...
Engels - Logo Antwerpen
Engels - Logo Antwerpen

... Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs, which results in coughing, also with blood, and weight loss. It is a life-threatening infectious disease, especially transmitted through coughing. It occurs mostly in developing countries. TB also occurs in Belgium, but it is nowhere near as common as it used ...
Biosafety-Post-Exp-SOP-HCV - UCLA Office of Environment
Biosafety-Post-Exp-SOP-HCV - UCLA Office of Environment

... Known Mode of Transmission: ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - Stuart T. Wilson, CPA PC
Bloodborne Pathogens - Stuart T. Wilson, CPA PC

... that is present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens are spread through contact with infectious body fluids, such as blood, semen, or vaginal secretions. They are not spread by coughing, sneezing, or casual contact. ...
Ready or Not: Preparing for Pandemic Flu
Ready or Not: Preparing for Pandemic Flu

... Describe three things you can do at work to protect yourself and others Identify where to get accurate information about pandemic flu ...
Chapter 19 – Viruses
Chapter 19 – Viruses

... The Lytic Cycle The phage cycle that causes death of the host cell is called the lytic cycle. When these phages exit the cell, they do so by lysing the bacterial cell membrane and cell wall. A phage that only replicates by a lytic cycle is called a virulent phage (Figure 19.5). Bacteria are not comp ...
Viruses: Biological background
Viruses: Biological background

... Viruses can’t do this on their own  Viruses ...
print version - Healthcare Purchasing News
print version - Healthcare Purchasing News

... antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, a bacterium responsible for over 80% of all urinary tract infections in children. The team also set out to measure the association between previous exposure to antibiotics and subsequent resistance in the same child. They ...
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Norovirus



Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.
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