microbiology ch 53 [9-4
... Protozoal parasite that produces acid-fast cysts in stools; larger than cryptosporidia Outbreaks have been linked to ingestion of raspberries imported from Central America Oocysts not infectious when excreted in human feces; parasite becomes infectious (sporulate) only after days to weeks of i ...
... Protozoal parasite that produces acid-fast cysts in stools; larger than cryptosporidia Outbreaks have been linked to ingestion of raspberries imported from Central America Oocysts not infectious when excreted in human feces; parasite becomes infectious (sporulate) only after days to weeks of i ...
Interim Guidance for Zika Virus Testing of Urine — United
... <14 days after onset of symptoms in patients with suspected Zika virus disease. Zika virus rRT-PCR testing of urine should be performed in conjunction with serum testing if using specimens collected <7 days after symptom onset (8). A positive result in either specimen type provides evidence of Zika ...
... <14 days after onset of symptoms in patients with suspected Zika virus disease. Zika virus rRT-PCR testing of urine should be performed in conjunction with serum testing if using specimens collected <7 days after symptom onset (8). A positive result in either specimen type provides evidence of Zika ...
“Environmental factors influence transmission of Sin Nombre
... * James N. Mills, Ph.D., Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA ...
... * James N. Mills, Ph.D., Special Pathogens Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA ...
Changing Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
... should be presented to the medical public in such a fashion. Indeed, we have now come full circle. For so many of us, HSV-1 was thought to be only a trivial infection of the mouth or lips, although it could cause life-threatening disease. In the 1980s few would have considered it a cause of genital ...
... should be presented to the medical public in such a fashion. Indeed, we have now come full circle. For so many of us, HSV-1 was thought to be only a trivial infection of the mouth or lips, although it could cause life-threatening disease. In the 1980s few would have considered it a cause of genital ...
![Human swine influenza A [H1N1]: Practical advice for](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002276751_1-073d974a1ba69ce6c2f07bb3087c07a7-300x300.png)
Human swine influenza A [H1N1]: Practical advice for
... of swine flu compared to those with many cases such as Mexico, the USA and Canada. It is important to remember that the case definition will be refined during the course of the epidemic. By way of example, for countries such as Australia with currently only 400 cases, the New South Wales Department of ...
... of swine flu compared to those with many cases such as Mexico, the USA and Canada. It is important to remember that the case definition will be refined during the course of the epidemic. By way of example, for countries such as Australia with currently only 400 cases, the New South Wales Department of ...
Evidence for biotype-specific effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus
... same passage histories. Our suggestion of tissue tropism differing between biotypes is also supported by the apparent restriction of the cp biotype to gut lymphoid tissue whereas the ncp virus is found in the respiratory tract, blood cells and blood-associated organs (Clarke et al., 1987 ; Bielefeld ...
... same passage histories. Our suggestion of tissue tropism differing between biotypes is also supported by the apparent restriction of the cp biotype to gut lymphoid tissue whereas the ncp virus is found in the respiratory tract, blood cells and blood-associated organs (Clarke et al., 1987 ; Bielefeld ...
![item[`#file`]->filename - Open Michigan](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/011947648_1-d60ef48e86bd361afe02913d84d760d7-300x300.png)
item[`#file`]->filename - Open Michigan
... pleocytosis and elevated protein, bacterial gram stain is negative, and non-contrast head CT is unremarkable. Head MRI shows diffuse inflammatory changes. Patient is started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-seizure medications, but despite aggressive supportive care never regains consciousness ...
... pleocytosis and elevated protein, bacterial gram stain is negative, and non-contrast head CT is unremarkable. Head MRI shows diffuse inflammatory changes. Patient is started on broad-spectrum antibiotics and anti-seizure medications, but despite aggressive supportive care never regains consciousness ...
Profectus BioSciences Receives $4.6 Million DOD Grant to Develop
... Profectus BioSciences Receives $4.6 Million DOD Grant to Develop Vaccine for Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses – Studies directed at recombinant Isfahan virus-vectored trivalent vaccine to protect against Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses – – Vac ...
... Profectus BioSciences Receives $4.6 Million DOD Grant to Develop Vaccine for Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses – Studies directed at recombinant Isfahan virus-vectored trivalent vaccine to protect against Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses – – Vac ...
Serology: Screening for Vaccine Preventable Diseases
... • Active vaccination is induction of host immune response by administration of antigen – long lasting - years. • Passive vaccination is provision of antibody which provides protective immunity over a relatively short period – weeks to months. ...
... • Active vaccination is induction of host immune response by administration of antigen – long lasting - years. • Passive vaccination is provision of antibody which provides protective immunity over a relatively short period – weeks to months. ...
Sheet no.: Last year slides, Medical Virology
... and by this, the cycle of the living virus would not be completed, because those enzymes and proteins were necessary for the completion. (Make the infected cells resistant to the viral infection). In addition, they (the interferons) activate immune system and therefore cells like the natural killing ...
... and by this, the cycle of the living virus would not be completed, because those enzymes and proteins were necessary for the completion. (Make the infected cells resistant to the viral infection). In addition, they (the interferons) activate immune system and therefore cells like the natural killing ...
Synergistic pathogenicity of a phloem
... fewer plants became infected, but the low number (16) did not suffice for statistical evaluation]. In N. benthamiana tissue explants, replicative forms of AbMV can be detected regularly as soon as 48 h post-agroinoculation (unpublished data). Therefore, it seems probable that tobamovirus inoculation ...
... fewer plants became infected, but the low number (16) did not suffice for statistical evaluation]. In N. benthamiana tissue explants, replicative forms of AbMV can be detected regularly as soon as 48 h post-agroinoculation (unpublished data). Therefore, it seems probable that tobamovirus inoculation ...
Detection of viral sequences in semen of honeybees (Apis mellifera
... transmission of virus infections of honeybees. ABPV has been detected in the thoracic salivary glands of adult bees and virus transmission to larvae by feeding was demonstrated (Bailey and Ball, 1991). For SBV, virus accumulation in the hypopharyngeal glands of adult bees and transmission through fe ...
... transmission of virus infections of honeybees. ABPV has been detected in the thoracic salivary glands of adult bees and virus transmission to larvae by feeding was demonstrated (Bailey and Ball, 1991). For SBV, virus accumulation in the hypopharyngeal glands of adult bees and transmission through fe ...
Norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens
... SUMMARY: Norovirus (NoV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is a major cause of acute water- and food-borne nonbacterial gastroenteritis and forms antigenically diverse groups of viruses. Human NoVs are divided into at least three genogroups, genogroups I (GI), GII, and GIV, which contain at lea ...
... SUMMARY: Norovirus (NoV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is a major cause of acute water- and food-borne nonbacterial gastroenteritis and forms antigenically diverse groups of viruses. Human NoVs are divided into at least three genogroups, genogroups I (GI), GII, and GIV, which contain at lea ...
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND HEPATITIS B
... virus (HBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS. Although few cases of AIDS are directly traceable to workplace exposure, every year about 8,700 health care workers contract Hepatitis B from occupational exposures. Approximately 200 will die from this bloodborne infection. Some w ...
... virus (HBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS. Although few cases of AIDS are directly traceable to workplace exposure, every year about 8,700 health care workers contract Hepatitis B from occupational exposures. Approximately 200 will die from this bloodborne infection. Some w ...
A Comparison Study of Biology of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human
... corresponding antigen is isolated from the patient samples. However, it may be noted that for viruses like HCV and HIV, perhaps the only acceptable antigen isolation for routine testing is in nucleic acid tests (NAT) in the form of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which can b ...
... corresponding antigen is isolated from the patient samples. However, it may be noted that for viruses like HCV and HIV, perhaps the only acceptable antigen isolation for routine testing is in nucleic acid tests (NAT) in the form of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which can b ...
Microbes_and_Society_files/Chapter six
... The damage from the breakdown by non-enveloped viruses can often be repaired, but enveloped viruses take a greater toll on the host cell. Why? As hundreds of viruses are released, the cell can’t keep up with repair of damage. The time that passes from virus attachment until release is called the bur ...
... The damage from the breakdown by non-enveloped viruses can often be repaired, but enveloped viruses take a greater toll on the host cell. Why? As hundreds of viruses are released, the cell can’t keep up with repair of damage. The time that passes from virus attachment until release is called the bur ...
Epidemiology and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis A to E:
... is most common carrier in the NE US. They take 3-4 blood feedings in their 2-3 weeks life span. Incidental hosts: Humans and horses can be infected but most people do not become sick. Ordinary human contact will not spread the virus. ...
... is most common carrier in the NE US. They take 3-4 blood feedings in their 2-3 weeks life span. Incidental hosts: Humans and horses can be infected but most people do not become sick. Ordinary human contact will not spread the virus. ...
Bloodborne Pathogens - PUR-O-ZONE
... body through cuts, scrapes, nose, eyes, mouth. It can be difficult to treat. mrsa can cause everything from minor boil-like pustules to deadly bloodstream infections and even pneumonia. ...
... body through cuts, scrapes, nose, eyes, mouth. It can be difficult to treat. mrsa can cause everything from minor boil-like pustules to deadly bloodstream infections and even pneumonia. ...
Why Now…….Why Here June 25, 2007
... ~ 25 years experience working at BSL-4; work has involved the training of most all BSL-4 investigators in the U.S. and has assisted in development of prototype vaccine for Ebola ...
... ~ 25 years experience working at BSL-4; work has involved the training of most all BSL-4 investigators in the U.S. and has assisted in development of prototype vaccine for Ebola ...
Viral Meningitis (non-bacterial meningitis)
... Viral Meningitis (non-bacterial meningitis) What is viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is an infection of the fluid that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and brain. There are many types of viruses that can cause this disease, including common intestinal (stomach) viruses. Occasionally, children with ...
... Viral Meningitis (non-bacterial meningitis) What is viral meningitis? Viral meningitis is an infection of the fluid that surrounds a person’s spinal cord and brain. There are many types of viruses that can cause this disease, including common intestinal (stomach) viruses. Occasionally, children with ...
Zika Virus - March of Dimes
... Zika Virus The March of Dimes strongly supports proactive, aggressive efforts to slow the spread of Zika virus, which can cause severe birth defects among infants born to women infected while pregnant. Zika virus is a member of the flavivirus family, which also includes yellow fever, chikungunya, an ...
... Zika Virus The March of Dimes strongly supports proactive, aggressive efforts to slow the spread of Zika virus, which can cause severe birth defects among infants born to women infected while pregnant. Zika virus is a member of the flavivirus family, which also includes yellow fever, chikungunya, an ...
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH Epidemiology of emerging
... cases is declining. Nevertheless, at present, at least 1000 cases of hepatitis A per year are notified, 8% of which in 2001 and 2002 were associated with shellfish consumption [43]. In Southern Italy, especially in Puglia, intermediate endemic levels of HAV still exist, in particular, in 1996 and 19 ...
... cases is declining. Nevertheless, at present, at least 1000 cases of hepatitis A per year are notified, 8% of which in 2001 and 2002 were associated with shellfish consumption [43]. In Southern Italy, especially in Puglia, intermediate endemic levels of HAV still exist, in particular, in 1996 and 19 ...
Surface plasmon resonance biosensor for detection - PubAg
... The human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis and are responsible for as much as 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Norovirus (NoV), a single stranded RNA virus, is highly contagious with an infectious dose of less than 100 viral particles. While techn ...
... The human noroviruses are the most common non-bacterial cause of gastroenteritis and are responsible for as much as 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Norovirus (NoV), a single stranded RNA virus, is highly contagious with an infectious dose of less than 100 viral particles. While techn ...
SARS
... the most recent cases have been from cambodia (26 cases/14 deaths in total in 2013) and indonesia (3/3). ...
... the most recent cases have been from cambodia (26 cases/14 deaths in total in 2013) and indonesia (3/3). ...
Norovirus
Norovirus, sometimes known as the winter vomiting bug in the UK, is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans. It affects people of all ages. The virus is transmitted by fecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact, and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces. The virus affects around 267 million people and causes over 200,000 deaths each year; these deaths are usually in less developed countries and in the very young, elderly and immunosuppressed.Norovirus infection is characterized by nausea, projectile vomiting, malodorous watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and in some cases, loss of taste. General lethargy, weakness, muscle aches, headache, and low-grade fever may occur. The disease is usually self-limiting, and severe illness is rare. Although having norovirus can be unpleasant, it is not usually dangerous and most who contract it make a full recovery within a couple of days. Norovirus is rapidly inactivated by either sufficient heating or by chlorine-based disinfectants and polyquaternary amines, but the virus is less susceptible to alcohols and detergents.After infection, immunity to norovirus is usually incomplete and temporary, with one publication drawing the conclusion that protective immunity to the same strain of norovirus lasts for six months, but that all such immunity is gone after two years. Outbreaks of norovirus infection often occur in closed or semiclosed communities, such as long-term care facilities, overnight camps, hospitals, schools, prisons, dormitories, and cruise ships, where the infection spreads very rapidly either by person-to-person transmission or through contaminated food. Many norovirus outbreaks have been traced to food that was handled by one infected person.The genus name Norovirus is derived from Norwalk virus, the only species of the genus. The species causes approximately 90% of epidemic nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world, and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.