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reading quiz: ch. 13.3-13.4
reading quiz: ch. 13.3-13.4

... 4. What is the order of events that occur during MEIOSIS I? a) prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis b) prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I c) prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis d) none of the above e) al ...
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... plasmolysis is higher than predicted on the basis of the internal cell solute concentration, suggesting that some additional resistance must be overcome. Second, microscope observations reveal the presence of connecting strands (Hechtian strands) between the plasma membrane and the detached cell wal ...
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... ceUs with rich cytoplasm (Fig. 2]3) and large, elongated, vacuolated, rarely aggregated cells with scarce cytoplasm (Fig. 2C). The appearance of the former was in agreement with that of cereal embryogenic cells and the latter was with that of nonembryogenic cells as described by Vasil and Vasil (198 ...
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... 13.
What
is
the
cell
organelle,
which
holds
the
hereditary
information
of
the
cell
called?
Nucleus

 14.
Which
organelle
uses
sunlight
to
make
energy?
Chloroplasts

 
15.
Why
do
plants
need
chloroplasts?
Plants
do
not
eat
and
need
to
convert
light
energy
into
sugar

 
16.
 Why
 do
 animal
 cells
 no ...
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Programmed cell death



Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.
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