Simulating the Hallmarks of Cancer
... a cubic centimeter in size and represents 1 billion cells, while the entire human body has approximately 51013 cells. Modern computers have on the order of 109 bytes of memory, which is too little storage to simulate all cells in the body by 5 orders of magnitude (assuming 10 bytes of memory for ea ...
... a cubic centimeter in size and represents 1 billion cells, while the entire human body has approximately 51013 cells. Modern computers have on the order of 109 bytes of memory, which is too little storage to simulate all cells in the body by 5 orders of magnitude (assuming 10 bytes of memory for ea ...
a morphogenetic role for the TNF signalling pathway
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
paper
... progression. In particular, the now classic screens by Hartwell and colleagues (1–6) to identify temperature-sensitive mutants with specific arrest points throughout the cell division cycle (cdc) have shed light on numerous aspects of cell cycle, including progression through START (e.g., CDC28), re ...
... progression. In particular, the now classic screens by Hartwell and colleagues (1–6) to identify temperature-sensitive mutants with specific arrest points throughout the cell division cycle (cdc) have shed light on numerous aspects of cell cycle, including progression through START (e.g., CDC28), re ...
Stochasticity in the symmetric division of plant cells: when the
... importantly that division planes ought to be surfaces of constant mean curvature and that Sachs’ rectangular section is a natural consequence of his rule. However, one conclusion that Errera appears to avoid purposely is the idea that the dividing wall, being subjected to the same surface tension as ...
... importantly that division planes ought to be surfaces of constant mean curvature and that Sachs’ rectangular section is a natural consequence of his rule. However, one conclusion that Errera appears to avoid purposely is the idea that the dividing wall, being subjected to the same surface tension as ...
Feeling green: mechanosensing in plants
... to respond to a wide range of signals, such as the force of the wind or the impedance of the soil, to entrain their development to prevailing environmental conditions. Indeed, mechanically responsive growth has been documented in plants for many years but new work on lateral root formation strongly ...
... to respond to a wide range of signals, such as the force of the wind or the impedance of the soil, to entrain their development to prevailing environmental conditions. Indeed, mechanically responsive growth has been documented in plants for many years but new work on lateral root formation strongly ...
Cell wall-cytoplasm signalling
... Cell wall-cytoplasm signalling extracellular domain is highly glycosylated and may serve to anchor to proteins in the cell wall (Roemer et al. 1996). Perturbation of the cell wall structure may then induce molecular changes in BUD 10 and, via an interaction with other intramembranous proteins, a po ...
... Cell wall-cytoplasm signalling extracellular domain is highly glycosylated and may serve to anchor to proteins in the cell wall (Roemer et al. 1996). Perturbation of the cell wall structure may then induce molecular changes in BUD 10 and, via an interaction with other intramembranous proteins, a po ...
Journal of Applied Biomedicine REVIEW Cell wall
... failed to bind to any surface structures in yeast cells, as seen in the fluorescence microscope. The genome databases Blast, Fasta and Proteome did not revealed any S. cerevisiae sequence homology with human or chicken integrins (Holubářová 2002). In A. thaliana several plasma membrane proteins have ...
... failed to bind to any surface structures in yeast cells, as seen in the fluorescence microscope. The genome databases Blast, Fasta and Proteome did not revealed any S. cerevisiae sequence homology with human or chicken integrins (Holubářová 2002). In A. thaliana several plasma membrane proteins have ...
The Protists Kingdom
... • A group of one-celled organisms with well defined nuclei • All protists live in moist surroundings • Many protists possess both plant-like and animal-like features ...
... • A group of one-celled organisms with well defined nuclei • All protists live in moist surroundings • Many protists possess both plant-like and animal-like features ...
Hungry for Power: Elimination of Mitochondria by Mitophagy
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the key model organism of the field. In addition to numerous ‘core’ ATG (autophagy) genes, which are involved in all autophagic processes, mitophagy in yeast relies on a number of additional genes, the functions of many of which are yet to be elucidated. Genetic screens by ...
... Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the key model organism of the field. In addition to numerous ‘core’ ATG (autophagy) genes, which are involved in all autophagic processes, mitophagy in yeast relies on a number of additional genes, the functions of many of which are yet to be elucidated. Genetic screens by ...
13.2. Natural Cell Death
... and its activation can cause the death of the cell. It is therefore subject to an unusually large array of regulatory modifications that ensure it is present and active only when necessary. Most of these modifications increase its concentration or its intrinsic gene regulatory activity, or both, whe ...
... and its activation can cause the death of the cell. It is therefore subject to an unusually large array of regulatory modifications that ensure it is present and active only when necessary. Most of these modifications increase its concentration or its intrinsic gene regulatory activity, or both, whe ...
The Cell
... • Many eukaryotes are multicelled organisms, whereas all prokaryotes are single-celled. ...
... • Many eukaryotes are multicelled organisms, whereas all prokaryotes are single-celled. ...
Organelle Project - WLPCS Upper School
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
... An analogy with explanation: If the cell were a city or Washington Latin or a factory etc., what would this organelle be? (Ex. If the cell was restaurant, the nucleus would like a cookbook because it contains recipes (directions) for making many types of meals) ...
Cell wall arabinan is essential for guard cell function
... Stomatal guard cells play a key role in the ability of plants to survive on dry land, because their movements regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the external environment and the interior of the plant. The walls of these cells are exceptionally strong and must undergo large and re ...
... Stomatal guard cells play a key role in the ability of plants to survive on dry land, because their movements regulate the exchange of gases and water vapor between the external environment and the interior of the plant. The walls of these cells are exceptionally strong and must undergo large and re ...
Endocrine Notes - Mr. Mendez
... 6. What are tropic hormones and which glands secretes these hormones. ...
... 6. What are tropic hormones and which glands secretes these hormones. ...
At work: Finding out about Amoeba Copymaster Information Finding
... If amoeba comes upon food, e.g. bacteria or other small single-celled organisms, it uses its pseudopodia to flow around the food and form a food vacuole7 around it. Chemicals in the cytoplasm then taken up by single-celled the cytoplasm. There are always several food break down the food, and thee.g. ...
... If amoeba comes upon food, e.g. bacteria or other small single-celled organisms, it uses its pseudopodia to flow around the food and form a food vacuole7 around it. Chemicals in the cytoplasm then taken up by single-celled the cytoplasm. There are always several food break down the food, and thee.g. ...
Document
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
... replenish amino acids and energy during starvation or growth factor withdrawal; (d) acting on or in concert with the molecular machineries and organelles at the interface between cell survival and cell death (e) controlling and acting as an effector or a regulator of innate and adaptive immunity and ...
Growth of curved and helical bacterial cells
... the network by enzymes. Computational modeling21 showed that removal of peptide bonds in a static PG network can lead to curved cells. Although changes in peptidoglycan (PG) crosslinking seem to promote Helicobacter pylori’s helical shape,22 there are no discernible variations in crosslinking, thick ...
... the network by enzymes. Computational modeling21 showed that removal of peptide bonds in a static PG network can lead to curved cells. Although changes in peptidoglycan (PG) crosslinking seem to promote Helicobacter pylori’s helical shape,22 there are no discernible variations in crosslinking, thick ...
BH3-only proteins: key regulators of neuronal apoptosis
... other Bcl-2 family proteins. Recent interaction studies have shown that the Bim BH3 domain can bind with a relatively high affinity to several different antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1 and A1,38,39 and could thereby prevent these proteins from binding to and inhibiting ...
... other Bcl-2 family proteins. Recent interaction studies have shown that the Bim BH3 domain can bind with a relatively high affinity to several different antiapoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1 and A1,38,39 and could thereby prevent these proteins from binding to and inhibiting ...
Life after meiosis: patterning the angiosperm male gametophyte
... datasets from Arabidopsis are readily available [4], including those from the male gametophyte [5,6] and recently from isolated sperm cells [7]. Moreover, the identification of various gametophytic mutants has been pivotal in identifying genes required for cellular patterning of the male gametophyte ...
... datasets from Arabidopsis are readily available [4], including those from the male gametophyte [5,6] and recently from isolated sperm cells [7]. Moreover, the identification of various gametophytic mutants has been pivotal in identifying genes required for cellular patterning of the male gametophyte ...
FACS-based purification of Arabidopsis microspores, sperm cells
... two pure populations. Re-analyzing sorted populations stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) confirmed that the SC and VN populations were consistently more than 99% pure (Figure 2C). Furthermore, the ratio SC/VN before sorting was consistently 2:1, demonstrating a good recovery for both ...
... two pure populations. Re-analyzing sorted populations stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) confirmed that the SC and VN populations were consistently more than 99% pure (Figure 2C). Furthermore, the ratio SC/VN before sorting was consistently 2:1, demonstrating a good recovery for both ...
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell-death (or PCD) is death of a cell in any form, mediated by an intracellular program. PCD is carried out in a regulated process, which usually confers advantage during an organism's life-cycle. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. PCD serves fundamental functions during both plant and metazoa (multicellular animals) tissue development.Apoptosis and autophagy are both forms of programmed cell death, but necrosis is a non-physiological process that occurs as a result of infection or injury.Necrosis is the death of a cell caused by external factors such as trauma or infection and occurs in several different forms. Recently a form of programmed necrosis, called necroptosis, has been recognized as an alternate form of programmed cell death. It is hypothesized that necroptosis can serve as a cell-death backup to apoptosis when the apoptosis signaling is blocked by endogenous or exogenous factors such as viruses or mutations.