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Free Bird
Free Bird

... continuous demand for the English language amongst our niche Japanese market showing an increase of 11% in the overall student numbers compared to 2015. Like all other businesses in the Western Division, the year started off as a recovery period for us after the devastating TC Winston left a trail o ...
Liberalization, Growth, and Financial Crises
Liberalization, Growth, and Financial Crises

... experienced boom-bust cycles. We argue that liberalization leads to faster growth because it eases financial constraints, but that this occurs only if agents take on credit risk, which makes the economy fragile and prone to crisis. An implication of our analysis is that the international bank flows ...
INVESTMENT-CASH FLOW SENSITIVITY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM
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... required there is a hierarchy in the use of funds, which is based on information asymmetry. Whenever possible, funding a firm should be covered by internally generated funds, which are not affected by adverse selection problems. If these were not enough, debt would be the next option, with stock iss ...
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IAT FED

... Banks may reduce their fixed rate loans exposure, and pass to their clients more variable rate exposure (e.g. mortgage loans, investment loans) ...
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... top fraction of firms ranked by the index are defined to be constrained and the bottom fraction are unconstrained.2 (Kaplan and Zingales 1997) One of the advantages of the KZ-index is the fact that it takes into account cash flow sensitivity. Cash flows has been proven, and is accepted by many rese ...
Intermediary Asset Pricing
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... households pull out of mutual funds because they have delivered low past returns, and mutual funds in turn are forced to liquidate their asset holdings (as in Shleifer and Vishny, 1997). In both cases, the key dynamic of the model is that low specialist wealth states lead households to withdraw fun ...
Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets, 8e
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... A) investing in a diversified collection of assets. B) providing depositors with a variety of savings certificates. C) spreading the cost of borrowed funds over many customers. D) spreading the cost of writing a standardized contract over many borrowers. Answer: D Ques Status: Revised ...
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Financial Innovation: The Bright and the Dark Sides

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Fair Value Accounting and Measures of U.S. Corporate Profits for

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The Economic Impact of the Stock Market Boom and Crash of 1929
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... of individual investors while price reactions reflect changes in the expectations of the market as a whole. In this study we hypothesise that both price adjustments and volume reactions around earnings announcements will differ across the A- and B-markets. Both the domestic investors in A-markets an ...
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International diversification of investment portfolios

... assume that the monthly risk-free rate is zero. It is also assumed that investors can take short positions and use the short sale proceeds. Table II presents the compositions of optimal international portfolios. The optimal portfolios for U.S. investors ( or dollar-based investors) are examined fir ...
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... 1. Fear of appreciation: capital inflows cause upward pressure on the value of the domestic currency, making domestic producers less competitive in the international market, hurting exports and therefore the economy. 2. Fear of “hot money”: the large injection of money into a small economy may ...
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... “Too big to fail” is far from a new issue, as discussed in detail by Stern and Feldman (2004)―in the modern American context, it dates from at least the conservatorship of Continental Illinois in the 1980s. Concerns about this issue have become more intense since fall 2008. The status of “too big to ...
Financial Market Imperfections and the Pricing Decision of Firms
Financial Market Imperfections and the Pricing Decision of Firms

... constrained may affect the pricing decision of a firm: firms with initially low prices that sell large quantities may not be able to finance their production inputs and may therefore find it optimal to scale down production and adjust prices up. On the other hand, firms seeking to gain market share ...
Durability, Re-trading and Market Performance
Durability, Re-trading and Market Performance

... exchange, although cash enters as a numeraire qua reward incentive for subjects. Markets with these features that are repeated over time converge rapidly to the predicted equilibrium under a regime of strict private dispersed information on individual values that define the equilibrium predictions. ...
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... increasing the number of seats offered to Europe by 30 per cent. Additional flights are also being added to the Isle of Man for next summer. We listened to customer feedback and provided significantly more opportunities for our customers to book reward flights. In 2015 we guaranteed we would offer n ...
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Problems of Using Technical and Fractal Analysis on FOREX

... demonstrates the connection between technical and fundamental analysis. Synergetic approach in technical analysis is the alternative understanding of market process. It reverses the perception of market fluctuation, explains technical analysis principals and gives new methods for traders. Author (in ...
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Vo l u m e 6 5 ... C o n t e n t s

... RESERVE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND: Bulletin Vol. 65 No. 3 ...
Financial Innovation: The Bright and the Dark Sides
Financial Innovation: The Bright and the Dark Sides

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Financial crisis

The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these panics. Other situations that are often called financial crises include stock market crashes and the bursting of other financial bubbles, currency crises, and sovereign defaults. Financial crises directly result in a loss of paper wealth but do not necessarily result in changes in the real economy.Many economists have offered theories about how financial crises develop and how they could be prevented. There is no consensus, however, and financial crises continue to occur from time to time.
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