Learning Theories
... innovators, introspective and scholarly, interested in knowledge for its own sake; they value ideas, theory, and depth of understanding. Concrete active pattern is the most pragmatic and least academic of the four, whereas the abstract reflective is the most academic and least pragmatic. Take the Ke ...
... innovators, introspective and scholarly, interested in knowledge for its own sake; they value ideas, theory, and depth of understanding. Concrete active pattern is the most pragmatic and least academic of the four, whereas the abstract reflective is the most academic and least pragmatic. Take the Ke ...
Classical, Instrumental, Cognitive Learning
... unconditioned stimulus (UCS) refers to a stimulus to which the consumer already has a pre-existing response. A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a stimulus to which the consumer either does not have a response or has a pre-existing response that needs modification, so a new response needs to be condition ...
... unconditioned stimulus (UCS) refers to a stimulus to which the consumer already has a pre-existing response. A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a stimulus to which the consumer either does not have a response or has a pre-existing response that needs modification, so a new response needs to be condition ...
The ______ states that responses which are followed by rewards
... 13. If you wanted to increase the time you spent studying, current research suggests that you should NOT a. set yourself a target for how long you will study and remain at your desk until you reach it* b. reinforce yourself when you reach your target c. gradually increase your target over days d. te ...
... 13. If you wanted to increase the time you spent studying, current research suggests that you should NOT a. set yourself a target for how long you will study and remain at your desk until you reach it* b. reinforce yourself when you reach your target c. gradually increase your target over days d. te ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... (1996) introduced the term paradigm to refer to a set of practices that define a scientific discipline or sub discipline. The practices refer, amongst others, to what is studied, the kind of research questions that are posed and how these are structured, how and with what tools studies are conducted ...
... (1996) introduced the term paradigm to refer to a set of practices that define a scientific discipline or sub discipline. The practices refer, amongst others, to what is studied, the kind of research questions that are posed and how these are structured, how and with what tools studies are conducted ...
Learning and Memory
... Brain Impairment lead us to clues about learning and memory •HM •Extreme seizures forced the removal of: •medial basal regions of the temporal lobe (bilaterally) •most of the amygdala (bilaterally) •all of the hippocampus (bilaterally) •Result: •Retrograde amnesia •loss of some past memories •Antero ...
... Brain Impairment lead us to clues about learning and memory •HM •Extreme seizures forced the removal of: •medial basal regions of the temporal lobe (bilaterally) •most of the amygdala (bilaterally) •all of the hippocampus (bilaterally) •Result: •Retrograde amnesia •loss of some past memories •Antero ...
The central concept states that the behavior that is
... Operant Conditioning Skinner (1953) also called Skinnerian conditioning Responses are usually voluntary controlled by their ...
... Operant Conditioning Skinner (1953) also called Skinnerian conditioning Responses are usually voluntary controlled by their ...
AP Psychology
... the slack” for a par tof the brain that is no longer working. Example is people who have had hemispherectomy are able to do things that would normally be done by the side of the brain that they have had removed. This ability lessens with age ...
... the slack” for a par tof the brain that is no longer working. Example is people who have had hemispherectomy are able to do things that would normally be done by the side of the brain that they have had removed. This ability lessens with age ...
Summaries of Learning Theories and Models
... the voluntary response (e.g. studying for an exam) is more likely to be done by the individual. In contrast, classical conditioning is when a stimulus automatically triggers an involuntary response. Social Learning Theory (Bandura) People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outc ...
... the voluntary response (e.g. studying for an exam) is more likely to be done by the individual. In contrast, classical conditioning is when a stimulus automatically triggers an involuntary response. Social Learning Theory (Bandura) People learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outc ...
CHAPTER 7—LEARNING I. Introduction A. Learning – involves the
... Generalization – the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original CS used during acquisition ...
... Generalization – the CR is observed even though the CS is slightly different from the original CS used during acquisition ...
Insight Learning
... chimpanzees solve problems, such as that of retrieving bananas when positioned out of reach. • He found that they stacked wooden crates to use as makeshift ladders, in order to retrieve the food. • Köhler concluded that the chimps had not arrived at these methods through trialand-error (which Thornd ...
... chimpanzees solve problems, such as that of retrieving bananas when positioned out of reach. • He found that they stacked wooden crates to use as makeshift ladders, in order to retrieve the food. • Köhler concluded that the chimps had not arrived at these methods through trialand-error (which Thornd ...
Pre-packaged chunks of knowledge
... industries, institutions and groups dealing with social and environmental problems, public services, civil society and movements which, while dealing with the reality, use different concepts and thus construct different versions of the world. We should present pupils with concepts and ideas produced ...
... industries, institutions and groups dealing with social and environmental problems, public services, civil society and movements which, while dealing with the reality, use different concepts and thus construct different versions of the world. We should present pupils with concepts and ideas produced ...
2 Kinds of Reinforcement 2 Kinds of Punishment
... Behavior is Controlled by 2 Types of Consequences: • Reinforcement: a consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior it follows • Punishment: a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior it follows • A consequence is defined by its effect on behavior. Let’s watch Skinner us ...
... Behavior is Controlled by 2 Types of Consequences: • Reinforcement: a consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior it follows • Punishment: a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior it follows • A consequence is defined by its effect on behavior. Let’s watch Skinner us ...
Why you do the things you do
... Many critics argue that behaviorism is a onedimensional approach to behavior and that behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts and feelings. Behaviorism does not account for other types of learning, especially learning that occurs without the u ...
... Many critics argue that behaviorism is a onedimensional approach to behavior and that behavioral theories do not account for free will and internal influences such as moods, thoughts and feelings. Behaviorism does not account for other types of learning, especially learning that occurs without the u ...
document
... Nothing you can do about it, cower in fear and allow it to happen Avoidance at first, will learn to avoid the shock There is more to learning than just behavior – there is a cognitive piece that cant be overlooked Biological factors can influence learning too Predisposition ...
... Nothing you can do about it, cower in fear and allow it to happen Avoidance at first, will learn to avoid the shock There is more to learning than just behavior – there is a cognitive piece that cant be overlooked Biological factors can influence learning too Predisposition ...
Visible Thought in Dramatic Play
... their world [and] develop social and cultural understandings [and] allows children to express their thoughts and feelings…” (Isenberg & Jalongo 2001, 59). As children use symbols, test theories, categorize and organize materials, and solve problems in play, we learn how they think (Cooper & Dever 20 ...
... their world [and] develop social and cultural understandings [and] allows children to express their thoughts and feelings…” (Isenberg & Jalongo 2001, 59). As children use symbols, test theories, categorize and organize materials, and solve problems in play, we learn how they think (Cooper & Dever 20 ...
Chapter 9 Applied Behaviorism
... B. Social behaviorism – a sociological approach pioneered by Mead that considers social aspects of behavior C. Radical behaviorism – championed by B. F. Skinner, attempts to account for human behavior without using concepts about mental events D. Social learning theory – a variation developed by Alb ...
... B. Social behaviorism – a sociological approach pioneered by Mead that considers social aspects of behavior C. Radical behaviorism – championed by B. F. Skinner, attempts to account for human behavior without using concepts about mental events D. Social learning theory – a variation developed by Alb ...
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
... Chapter Check-up: Reinforcement Theory When professors give random pop quizzes or take random attendance, students often complain that they are adults, old enough to make their own decisions, and should therefore not be required to come to class. How do you reconcile this argument with what we know ...
... Chapter Check-up: Reinforcement Theory When professors give random pop quizzes or take random attendance, students often complain that they are adults, old enough to make their own decisions, and should therefore not be required to come to class. How do you reconcile this argument with what we know ...
Unit 3 Notes
... Intrinsic Motivation: The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake Extrinsic Motivation: The desire to perform a behavior for a reward or avoidance of punishment Observational Learning (Bandura) is learning by observing and imitating others. Mirror Neurons: Frontal Lobe neurons that fire when o ...
... Intrinsic Motivation: The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake Extrinsic Motivation: The desire to perform a behavior for a reward or avoidance of punishment Observational Learning (Bandura) is learning by observing and imitating others. Mirror Neurons: Frontal Lobe neurons that fire when o ...
Study Guide for Learning Evaluation #4
... Operant Conditioning type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment operates (acts) on environment produces consequences Law of Effect Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more ...
... Operant Conditioning type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment operates (acts) on environment produces consequences Law of Effect Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more ...
conditioned
... Simone. to develop a strategy You are so the muchadvice provided by employing nicer thanet your Zimbardo, al, on pp. 217-218, drawing brother! in what we have learned about operant Miss Becky, after that discussion conditioning and andthat behaviorist to earlier nastythought experiment, this point. ...
... Simone. to develop a strategy You are so the muchadvice provided by employing nicer thanet your Zimbardo, al, on pp. 217-218, drawing brother! in what we have learned about operant Miss Becky, after that discussion conditioning and andthat behaviorist to earlier nastythought experiment, this point. ...
Principles of Learning
... addition of something pleasant Negative reinforcement – reinforcement that involves strengthening a response by following it with the removal of something ...
... addition of something pleasant Negative reinforcement – reinforcement that involves strengthening a response by following it with the removal of something ...
“Structure” and “Function” Six Psychological Perspectives
... Theory of neurosis, coping strategies- compliance, ...
... Theory of neurosis, coping strategies- compliance, ...
ch03
... neutral one becomes a conditioned stimulus and so takes on the properties of unconditioned stimulus. ...
... neutral one becomes a conditioned stimulus and so takes on the properties of unconditioned stimulus. ...
Learning theory (education)
Learning theories are conceptual frameworks describing how information is absorbed, processed, and retained during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and will advocate a system of rewards and targets in education. Educators who embrace cognitive theory believe that the definition of learning as a change in behavior is too narrow and prefer to study the learner rather than their environment and in particular the complexities of human memory. Those who advocate constructivism believe that a learner's ability to learn relies to a large extent on what he already knows and understands, and the acquisition of knowledge should be an individually tailored process of construction. Transformative learning theory focuses upon the often-necessary change that is required in a learner's preconceptions and world view.Outside the realm of educational psychology, techniques to directly observe the functioning of the brain during the learning process, such as event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging, are used in educational neuroscience. As of 2012, such studies are beginning to support a theory of multiple intelligences, where learning is seen as the interaction between dozens of different functional areas in the brain each with their own individual strengths and weaknesses in any particular human learner.