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Green Plants
Green Plants

... vast quantities of iron ore into steel and powered the steam engines that sent trains streaking across Europe and North America. It is no exaggeration to claim that the sugars synthesized by plants about 300 million years ago laid the groundwork for the Industrial Revolution. Coal still supplies abo ...
INHS Purple Loosestrife
INHS Purple Loosestrife

... VMG Main Page ...
Aromatic Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family from
Aromatic Medicinal Plants of the Lamiaceae Family from

... is found in Uzbekistan. This herbaceous perennial, rhizomatous plant, grows on rocky and pebbly slopes. The plant contains phenolic glycosides, lipids, and coumarins [17]. Forty compounds were characterized, representing 98.6% of the total components in its essential oils [18]. The major components ...
100, April 2006 - Irish Garden Plant Society
100, April 2006 - Irish Garden Plant Society

... One hundred is a good number, a good number of newsletters to have gone out in the post to members. Congratulations and thanks to all previous editors, packers and posters and especially a most sincere ‘Thank You’ to contributors, those who have been wonderfully reliable and regular and those who ha ...
CRDC82C Text Book Chp 8 _9
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... Probably since the beginning of civilisation, humans have observed that plants are seasonal organisms. Whether crop plant or native species, annual or perennial, herbaceous or woody, the most obvious manifestation is in time of flowering. The connection of periodic flowering - and subsequently fruit ...
biology - Textbooks Online
biology - Textbooks Online

... importance was given to either natural or phylogenetic relationships among different groups of plants. Natural system In this system of classification, plants are classified based on their natural affinities. More number of characters are taken into consideration in this system. It is mainly based o ...
Steps to Success
Steps to Success

... yellow
and
die
down
naturally.
Cut
the
yellow
leaves
off
to
a
couple
of
inches
above
the
bulb.
In
September
or
early
October,
set
the
bulb,
pot
 and
all,
in
a
cool
(50–60°F),
dark,
dry
place
for
at
least
six
to
eight
weeks.
The
six
to
eight
weeks
of
rest
should
not
be
counted
until
all
the
leaves
 a ...
Plant Diversity I: Colonization by Land Plants
Plant Diversity I: Colonization by Land Plants

... microspore mother cells – microsporocytes divide by meiosis to form pollen grains which are haploid – pollen grains contain the male gametophyte – for the production of sperm – grains travel to the ovulate cone where it begins to germinate and forms a pollen tube through which the sperm will travel ...
streptocarpus – flowering pot plant
streptocarpus – flowering pot plant

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Rock Cress - Hansen`s Northwest Native Plant Database
Rock Cress - Hansen`s Northwest Native Plant Database

... Herbal information on this group of plants of the family Cruciferae My mother talks sometimes about eating Water Cress when she was a girl growing up in the Appalachian Mountains. She and her sisters loved exploring the woods around their home, and she was especially fond of Water Cress that they fo ...
35 Molecular Breeding of Flower Color  Kin-Ying To
35 Molecular Breeding of Flower Color Kin-Ying To

... Floriculture, Ornamental and Plant Biotechnology Volume I ©2006 Global Science Books, UK ...
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Chapter 23: Plant Structure and Function
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... C Organs The major plant organs are stems, leaves, and roots. They differ in structure among plant divisions but share common functions. A stem is a plant organ that provides structural support and contains vascular tissues. Leaves and reproductive structures grow from stems. Usually, leaves are the ...
17. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Mycorrhizal Fungi in
17. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Mycorrhizal Fungi in

... number or nodule weight. In a field study. nine PGPR strains (seven pseudomonads and two Serratia sp.) were tested for their effects on nitrogen fixation in lentil and pea inoculated with Rhirobitrrn leg~rrninosantm(Chanway. Hynes and Nelson 1989). Pea growth was unaffected; but growth. nodulation a ...
Crop Insects of Northwest
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... causes a mottling of the leaves giving them a bronzed or yellow appearance. Injury occurs early in the season, many times on hills in grain fields where moisture stress is more likely. Damage is more severe in cereal and cereal rotations or along margins of fields where grass or cereal was grown the ...
JPPM Plant Walk
JPPM Plant Walk

... inches wide. The leaf underside is whitish with three prominent veins. Its leaves are clustered on long succulent stalks that can be up to three feet long. Arrow arum flowers are small and light yellow, on a fingerlike spike. The flower spike is surrounded by a bract, or spathe, that is usually yell ...
Weeds
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The Cultivated Species of Chamaedorea with Cespitose Habit and
The Cultivated Species of Chamaedorea with Cespitose Habit and

... petals, and black fruits, distinguish subgenus Chamaedoropsis from other subgenera in Chamaedorea. Staminate flowers with the petals connate apically and there adnateto the pistillodeand the corolla opening by lateral apertures distinguish subgenusCharnaedorea. There are other cultivated specieswith ...
Predicting Evolutionary Consequences of Greater Reproductive
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... Burris 1985, Lovett Doust and Lovett Doust 1987). More recently, seed production was experimentally enhanced and/or reduced, and then mortality, growth rate, and fecundity in the current and following year were measured (e.g., Horvitz and Schemske 1988, Lubbers and Lechowicz 1989, Snow and Whigham 1 ...
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Spring 2016 (volume 39 number 2)
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... others believe the seeds are literally pushed out of the soil by new bud growth the following year. South Dakota botanist Dave Ode offers a more likely explanation in his recent book Dakota Flora: ants or other insects find the buried seeds and transport them away from the parent plant, replanting t ...
At Home with Succulents
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... in shady or indoor conditions, the plants may stretch toward light. Rotating potted succulents 180 degrees once a week or so will keep growth balanced. Succulents are among the most pest-free plants, especially when grown outdoors. Good air circulation prevents harmful insects from settling on the p ...
At Home with Succulents - Oasis Water Efficient Gardens
At Home with Succulents - Oasis Water Efficient Gardens

... in shady or indoor conditions, the plants may stretch toward light. Rotating potted succulents 180 degrees once a week or so will keep growth balanced. Succulents are among the most pest-free plants, especially when grown outdoors. Good air circulation prevents harmful insects from settling on the p ...
Snap Science evaluation pack
Snap Science evaluation pack

... best practice, as well as being based on the classroom experience of the author team, who have spent many years working closely with children to develop successful strategies for teaching and learning in science. Snap Science has been built on a series of core principles: • Every science lesson need ...
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History of botany



The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers. The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated. The first writings that show human curiosity about plants themselves, rather than the uses that could be made of them, appears in the teachings of Aristotle's student Theophrastus at the Lyceum in ancient Athens in about 350 BC; this is considered the starting point for modern botany. In Europe, this early botanical science was soon overshadowed by a medieval preoccupation with the medicinal properties of plants that lasted more than 1000 years. During this time, the medicinal works of classical antiquity were reproduced in manuscripts and books called herbals. In China and the Arab world, the Greco-Roman work on medicinal plants was preserved and extended.In Europe the Renaissance of the 14th–17th centuries heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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