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Lewisia rediviva Bitterroot - Montana Native Plant Society
Lewisia rediviva Bitterroot - Montana Native Plant Society

... of Lewis's specimens and raised by Bernard M'Mahon in Philadelphia. Unfortunately, Pursh reports, “…some accident happening to it, I had not the ...
Light-Regulated, Tissue-Specific, and Cell Differentiation
Light-Regulated, Tissue-Specific, and Cell Differentiation

... All living organisms except lactobacilli have an absolute requirement for iron that is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including in respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthetic electron transfer, nitrogen assimilation, and DNA synthesis. In addition, numerous proteins, especia ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSRJPBS)

... way for the isolation of active compounds, beginning with the extraction of morphine from opium in the early 19th century [2]. It is estimated that around 2,50,000 flowering plant species reported occur globally and approximately half of these are found in tropical forests. Medicinal plants are of g ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Small, greenish white flowers that can be male, female, or both. ...
invasive exotic plants - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council
invasive exotic plants - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council

... are threats to native plants, biological diversity and habitat value. Land management in North Carolina is diverse — from roadsides to agricultural fields to unique natural heritage sites. The primary purpose of this guide is to provide technical information regarding the identification of those pla ...
Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant
Drought-induced responses of photosynthesis and antioxidant

... bacteria, fungi, and viruses) and abiotic (light, temperature, water availability, nutrients, and soil structure) factors affect the growth in higher plants (as reviewed by Lichtenthaler, 1996, 1998). Among these, drought is a major abiotic factor that limits agricultural crop production. Plants exp ...
Plant Diversity I: Colonization by Land Plants
Plant Diversity I: Colonization by Land Plants

... – 2. peroxisome enzymes –enzymes to help minimize the loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration – 3. flagellated sperm – some species of land plants have flagellated sperm – 4. formation of a phragmoplast – involved in the synthesis of new cell walls during mitosis - via the formation ...
Life Cycle of the Tennessee Coneflower
Life Cycle of the Tennessee Coneflower

... Student handout with guiding questions BACKGROUND: The Tennessee coneflower (Echinacea tennesseensis) is restricted to a few native populations in cedar glades in three Middle Tennessee counties. In 1968 Dr. Elsie Quarterman, professor at Vanderbilt University, was returning from field work in anoth ...
Abelmoschus manihot
Abelmoschus manihot

... [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans? No evidence] "Island cabbage (aibika), whose leaves become gluey after cooking, is the favourite vegetable of the ni-Vanuatu. They cook it in different ways. Most often it is cut into very thin strips, boiled in a little salted water and then flavou ...
Advances in Environmental Biology  Lepidium sativum
Advances in Environmental Biology Lepidium sativum

... world wide, primarily in temperate and subtropical regions; the genus is poorly represented in arctic climates and in tropical areas; and it grows in the mountains [1,2]. Lepidium sativum L. (Garden cress) is a cool season annual plant, It is a fast-growing, edible plant botanically associated with ...
Signature Optical Cues: Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health
Signature Optical Cues: Emerging Technologies for Monitoring Plant Health

... visible range. Absorption of water determines the shape of the middle infrared reflectance curve with strong absorption bands around wavelengths at 1400 nm and 1900 nm. Models varying in complexity have been developed to explain the propagation of light through a leaf. An early “plate model” describ ...
An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella
An Oryzalin-induced Autoallooctoploid of Hibiscus acetosella

... typically with red foliage. Solitary flowers of wine-red, rarely yellow, are formed in the axils (van Borssum Waalkes, 1966). A number of selections have been released over the years, including a recent release from The University of Georgia, known as H. acetosella ‘Panama Red’ PP20,121. This releas ...
Simard et al. 2012 - UBC Zoology
Simard et al. 2012 - UBC Zoology

... ecological models. It builds on reviews by Simard and Durall (2004) and Selosse et al. (2006) by focussing largely on literature published after 2006. We begin with a review of the existence of MNs in ecosystems using evidence based on (a) specificity phenomena, (b) physical, physiological and molec ...
- The European Palm Society
- The European Palm Society

... perennials. All looked well in the summer, but for much of the year there was little to see. In winter the view from our sitting room was like the plains of Siberia. I wanted more. I’d always admired palms and quite fancied a home in the tropics. If you can’t move to the tropics, however, the tropic ...
Stock-poisoning Plants of Western Canada
Stock-poisoning Plants of Western Canada

... The 2008 revision updates the 1983 version (38) in a series of such manuals produced by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. It describes the plants that most frequently cause poisoning and injury to livestock in Western Canada, as well as a number of plants that are potentially dangerous. Species foun ...
Sep – Oct 2008 - Bromeliad Society of Queensland
Sep – Oct 2008 - Bromeliad Society of Queensland

... in this area, but I expect the actual number of species is much higher, since most plants were!not! owering!and!I!found!that!different! species often appear almost identical vegetatively. Apart from P. nigra, species which I found! owering!and!could!identify!were!P. heterophylla, P. palmoides, P. br ...
Info Note - Aussie Winners
Info Note - Aussie Winners

... Starts With A Better Plant” ...
Test Pool Respondus Sample (from Biology credit recovery)
Test Pool Respondus Sample (from Biology credit recovery)

... “Double fertilization” is a term used to describe what some angiosperms go through. It includes a first fertilization when the sperm and the ovule fuse to form a zygote, as in typical fertilization. The second fertilization is not technically a true fertilization because another zygote is not formed ...
C02 Levels and Plants What`s So Wrong with a
C02 Levels and Plants What`s So Wrong with a

... f you have ever enjoyed a locally grown tomato in November or bought a poinsettia in December, these plants were most likely grown in greenhouses. Greenhouses give us the ability to grow plants during seasons in which they would not otherwise grow. With glass walls and ceilings that trap infrared ra ...
tropical regions species of orchids either hang large numbers
tropical regions species of orchids either hang large numbers

... The latter name is also used for another fine orchid, to us. ...
Growing M. truncatula: choice of substrates and growth conditions
Growing M. truncatula: choice of substrates and growth conditions

... The source of the agar is of crucial importance. For example, never use Difco Bacto Agar for M. truncatula since the roots grow away from the agar and plant development is rapidly halted. Kalys agar (HP 696-7470; Kalys, Roubaix, France; www.kalys.com/bioGB.htm) and Becton-Dickinson Bacto-Agar (ref. ...
Life support Direct water flow to plants
Life support Direct water flow to plants

... Target group: 9 - 12 year old pupils Description This is an inquiry based learning unit which engages pupils with engineering by inviting them to participate in a design challenge concerning the transport of water. This unit introduces a new view on how we can learn from nature, focusing on agricult ...
Very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is controlled through the
Very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis is controlled through the

... condensing enzyme. If four enzyme activities are necessary for an elongation step, and FAEI and jojoba KCS 0nly encode the KCS activity, one might expect to find other complementation groups that result in very low levels of VLCFA synthesis. There are several possibilities as to why mutations in gen ...
Silver Saxifrages
Silver Saxifrages

... The earliest known reference to a saxifrage is in the 1st century AD when Dioscorides, a Greek doctor working for the Roman army, published his herbal De Materia Medica. Called saxiphragon by the Greeks and saxifrage by the Romans, the saxifrages were described as ‘a shrub growing on rocks and in ro ...
Key to Solanaceae - Southwest Colorado Wildflowers
Key to Solanaceae - Southwest Colorado Wildflowers

... 6a. Anthers opening by terminal pores or slits; stamens often connivent around the style; corolla lobes often longer than the tube; calyx not covering the fruit except in two spiny species; peduncles arising between the leaf nodes or opposite the leaves, not in leaf axils ........................... ...
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History of botany



The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers. The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated. The first writings that show human curiosity about plants themselves, rather than the uses that could be made of them, appears in the teachings of Aristotle's student Theophrastus at the Lyceum in ancient Athens in about 350 BC; this is considered the starting point for modern botany. In Europe, this early botanical science was soon overshadowed by a medieval preoccupation with the medicinal properties of plants that lasted more than 1000 years. During this time, the medicinal works of classical antiquity were reproduced in manuscripts and books called herbals. In China and the Arab world, the Greco-Roman work on medicinal plants was preserved and extended.In Europe the Renaissance of the 14th–17th centuries heralded a scientific revival during which botany gradually emerged from natural history as an independent science, distinct from medicine and agriculture. Herbals were replaced by floras: books that described the native plants of local regions. The invention of the microscope stimulated the study of plant anatomy, and the first carefully designed experiments in plant physiology were performed. With the expansion of trade and exploration beyond Europe, the many new plants being discovered were subjected to an increasingly rigorous process of naming, description, and classification.Progressively more sophisticated scientific technology has aided the development of contemporary botanical offshoots in the plant sciences, ranging from the applied fields of economic botany (notably agriculture, horticulture and forestry), to the detailed examination of the structure and function of plants and their interaction with the environment over many scales from the large-scale global significance of vegetation and plant communities (biogeography and ecology) through to the small scale of subjects like cell theory, molecular biology and plant biochemistry.
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