Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... in neuronal responses in MT were generally too small to account for the behavioral changes, whereas the changes in VIP responses were generally stronger than expected to explain the behavioral effect. These results suggest that comparing the neuronal and behavioral effects of attention may be a reas ...
... in neuronal responses in MT were generally too small to account for the behavioral changes, whereas the changes in VIP responses were generally stronger than expected to explain the behavioral effect. These results suggest that comparing the neuronal and behavioral effects of attention may be a reas ...
Enriched Expression of GluD1 in Higher Brain Regions and Its
... (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expression of GluD1 and its role in synaptic circuit formation. In the present study, we investigated this issue by producing specific and s ...
... (PF–PC) synapses in the cerebellum and regulates their structural and functional connectivity. However, little is known to date regarding cellular and synaptic expression of GluD1 and its role in synaptic circuit formation. In the present study, we investigated this issue by producing specific and s ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... change only with the slow time scales of learning. It is well known, however, that synapses are highly dynamic and show use-dependent plasticity over a wide range of time scales. Moreover, synaptic transmission is an inherently stochastic process: a spike arriving at a presynaptic terminal triggers ...
... change only with the slow time scales of learning. It is well known, however, that synapses are highly dynamic and show use-dependent plasticity over a wide range of time scales. Moreover, synaptic transmission is an inherently stochastic process: a spike arriving at a presynaptic terminal triggers ...
Why light
... Registration refers to the fact that the projections of activity in layers 3 and 4 are at the same place in their respective layers, even though the stimulation is from different eyes. That is, the activity generated by stimulus A is at the same end of both LGN layers. The activity generated by stim ...
... Registration refers to the fact that the projections of activity in layers 3 and 4 are at the same place in their respective layers, even though the stimulation is from different eyes. That is, the activity generated by stimulus A is at the same end of both LGN layers. The activity generated by stim ...
The speed of learning instructed stimulus
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
... Keywords: Rapid instructed task learning, Pre-frontal cortex, Inferior-temporal Cortex, Hippocampus, synaptic learning Abstract Humans can learn associations between visual stimuli and motor responses from just a single instruction. This is known to be a fast process, but how fast is it? To answer t ...
Descending Tracts
... These tracts are originated from the motor, premotor, supplementary motor and somatic sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. COURSE AND DESTINATIONS: Fibers descend in the corona radiata, then through the anterior two-thirds of the posterior limb of the internal capsule down to the brainstem. In the ...
... These tracts are originated from the motor, premotor, supplementary motor and somatic sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. COURSE AND DESTINATIONS: Fibers descend in the corona radiata, then through the anterior two-thirds of the posterior limb of the internal capsule down to the brainstem. In the ...
Selective cognitive dysfunction in acetylcholine M
... Fig. 2. Win-shift spatial working memory, social discrimination and Morris water maze learning. (a) Win-shift working memory, in which mice were trained to search for pellets on an eight-arm radial maze, in a two-phase working memory task. On the training phase of each day, four randomly chosen arms ...
... Fig. 2. Win-shift spatial working memory, social discrimination and Morris water maze learning. (a) Win-shift working memory, in which mice were trained to search for pellets on an eight-arm radial maze, in a two-phase working memory task. On the training phase of each day, four randomly chosen arms ...
Resection of focal cortical dysplasia located in the upper pre
... removed without permanent deficits, because of the bilateral representation of the innate functions. In contrast, resective surgery of the hand motor cortex or higher levels presents more challenges. We treated two adult patients with intractable epilepsy caused by small focal cortical dysplasia in t ...
... removed without permanent deficits, because of the bilateral representation of the innate functions. In contrast, resective surgery of the hand motor cortex or higher levels presents more challenges. We treated two adult patients with intractable epilepsy caused by small focal cortical dysplasia in t ...
NAlab13_LimbicSystem..
... In addition, you should take the opportunity to review other important structures. Three easy structures to identify are: 1) the corpus callosum (Do you remember its four component parts?), 2) the basal portion of the pons and the pontine nuclei, and 3) the pyramidal tract. How about three harder i ...
... In addition, you should take the opportunity to review other important structures. Three easy structures to identify are: 1) the corpus callosum (Do you remember its four component parts?), 2) the basal portion of the pons and the pontine nuclei, and 3) the pyramidal tract. How about three harder i ...
Affective neuroscience: the emergence of a discipline
... both orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major muscles) and other smiles (requiring the contraction of only zygomatic major muscles). Power density measureshave been residualized to remove the contribution of power in an electromyographic band (75-125 Hz). Power density in the alpha band is inversely re ...
... both orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major muscles) and other smiles (requiring the contraction of only zygomatic major muscles). Power density measureshave been residualized to remove the contribution of power in an electromyographic band (75-125 Hz). Power density in the alpha band is inversely re ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... Samples of areas 4 and 17 were obtained from 41 adult individuals representing 23 primate and 2 non-primate mammalian species (Tupaia glis and Pteropus poliocephalus). Between 1 and 5 individuals were available for analysis from each species (table 1). Most specimens were obtained postmortem or from ...
... Samples of areas 4 and 17 were obtained from 41 adult individuals representing 23 primate and 2 non-primate mammalian species (Tupaia glis and Pteropus poliocephalus). Between 1 and 5 individuals were available for analysis from each species (table 1). Most specimens were obtained postmortem or from ...
Limbic System
... In addition, you should take the opportunity to review other important structures. Three easy structures to identify are: 1) the corpus callosum (Do you remember its four component parts?), 2) the basal portion of the pons and the pontine nuclei, and 3) the pyramidal tract. How about three harder i ...
... In addition, you should take the opportunity to review other important structures. Three easy structures to identify are: 1) the corpus callosum (Do you remember its four component parts?), 2) the basal portion of the pons and the pontine nuclei, and 3) the pyramidal tract. How about three harder i ...
The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action
... another monkey or an experimenter performing the same or a similar action (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996a). These neurons are called mirror neurons. The congruence between the action coded by the neuron in motor terms and that triggering the same neuron visually may be very strict: i ...
... another monkey or an experimenter performing the same or a similar action (Gallese et al., 1996; Rizzolatti et al., 1996a). These neurons are called mirror neurons. The congruence between the action coded by the neuron in motor terms and that triggering the same neuron visually may be very strict: i ...
EEG - Wayne State University
... i. LMN symptoms w/ wrist drop, see in epileptics who seize and pass out w/ arm over chair, thus compressing nerve c. Posterior occipital lobe infarct (PCA lesion) i. Affects visual cortex contralateral homonymous hemianopia d. Motor stroke (internal capsule lesion) i. NO sensory fibers are affecte ...
... i. LMN symptoms w/ wrist drop, see in epileptics who seize and pass out w/ arm over chair, thus compressing nerve c. Posterior occipital lobe infarct (PCA lesion) i. Affects visual cortex contralateral homonymous hemianopia d. Motor stroke (internal capsule lesion) i. NO sensory fibers are affecte ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... when directly stimulating neurons in the somatosensory system. We focus on technologies that are currently available and discuss approaches that are most likely to succeed in providing natural perception from the artificial hand to the user. First, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of prov ...
... when directly stimulating neurons in the somatosensory system. We focus on technologies that are currently available and discuss approaches that are most likely to succeed in providing natural perception from the artificial hand to the user. First, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of prov ...
Slide 1
... efferent neurons of the VIIIth nerve (vestibuloacoustic), which are in the floor plate (fp) of r4 at the stage shown. Shown on the left side are somatic motor neurons, forming in r1 (IVth nerve, trochlear), r5+r6 (VIth nerve, abducens), and r8 (XIIth nerve, hypoglossal). Cranial nerve entry/exit poi ...
... efferent neurons of the VIIIth nerve (vestibuloacoustic), which are in the floor plate (fp) of r4 at the stage shown. Shown on the left side are somatic motor neurons, forming in r1 (IVth nerve, trochlear), r5+r6 (VIth nerve, abducens), and r8 (XIIth nerve, hypoglossal). Cranial nerve entry/exit poi ...
• 1 1) The nonspecific ascending pathways ______. A) are
... 8) The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________. A) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor root B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root C) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root D) outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral ...
... 8) The spinal cord has gray matter on the ________. A) outside, white matter on the inside, and a dorsal motor root B) inside, white matter on the outside, and a ventral motor root C) inside, white matter on the outside, and a dorsal motor root D) outside, white matter on the inside, and a ventral ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... 1966, 1968). His microdrive and implanted base were modifications of that designed by David Hubel who had himself recorded from the lateral geniculate and striate cortex in the awake cat free to move its eyes (Hubel, 1959, 1960). Hubel’s finding that many neurons that did not respond to diffuse ligh ...
... 1966, 1968). His microdrive and implanted base were modifications of that designed by David Hubel who had himself recorded from the lateral geniculate and striate cortex in the awake cat free to move its eyes (Hubel, 1959, 1960). Hubel’s finding that many neurons that did not respond to diffuse ligh ...
Cerebral cortex and the clinical expression of
... The clinical phenotype of Huntington’s disease (HD) is far more complex and variable than depictions of it as a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which ...
... The clinical phenotype of Huntington’s disease (HD) is far more complex and variable than depictions of it as a progressive movement disorder dominated by neostriatal pathology represent.The availability of novel neuroimaging methods has enabled us to evaluate cerebral cortical changes in HD, which ...
Lecture 2: Structure and function of the NS
... space only by fingerlike projections from Schwann cells. The myelin between two nodes is an internode and is formed by a single Schwann cell (Fig. 1-24); adjacent internodes form the projections that cover the node ...
... space only by fingerlike projections from Schwann cells. The myelin between two nodes is an internode and is formed by a single Schwann cell (Fig. 1-24); adjacent internodes form the projections that cover the node ...
Aerobic Exercise and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Brain
... Disorder: Brain Research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 33–39, 2015. Purpose: As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects o ...
... Disorder: Brain Research. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 33–39, 2015. Purpose: As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects o ...
Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat
... elements and specific extracellular matrix. The structural appearance of perikaryons and processes of the neurons were histologically normal under light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that some pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex showed partial to nearly complete synaptic l ...
... elements and specific extracellular matrix. The structural appearance of perikaryons and processes of the neurons were histologically normal under light microscope. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that some pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex showed partial to nearly complete synaptic l ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... Basic differences and grouping of the various frontal motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected wit ...
... Basic differences and grouping of the various frontal motor areas General considerations. Modern neuroanatomic techniques showed that each frontal motor area has a specific pattern of anatomic connections. When this pattern is closely examined and the functional properties of the areas connected wit ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... properly, they select the best action from a repertoire of actions. The best action is usually the one which has provided a rewarding outcome previously and is predicted to provide a rewarding outcome in the present circumstances. The basal ganglia execute their function mainly by controlling excita ...
... properly, they select the best action from a repertoire of actions. The best action is usually the one which has provided a rewarding outcome previously and is predicted to provide a rewarding outcome in the present circumstances. The basal ganglia execute their function mainly by controlling excita ...
Impaired associative learning in schizophrenia: behavioral and
... and its sub-units such as the CA, the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subiculum, and adjacent structures such as the entorhinal cortex are central to the initial formation of long term associative memories. These regions occupy a unique anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connec ...
... and its sub-units such as the CA, the dentate gyrus (DG) and the subiculum, and adjacent structures such as the entorhinal cortex are central to the initial formation of long term associative memories. These regions occupy a unique anatomical place within the realm of cortical and subcortical connec ...