Repetition and the brain: neural models of stimulus
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
... The purpose of this review is to consider several kinds of neural models that have been proposed to account for repetition suppression (RS). We focus primarily on studies using visually presented objects and their effects on the ventral object processing stream, to maximize overlap between monkey an ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... Rate and pattern changes are not, however, mutually exclusive. In fact, some of the rate changes are probably explained by the emerging pattern abnormalities, such as bursts in discharge. It appears that these rate and pattern changes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathways actively disrupt co ...
... Rate and pattern changes are not, however, mutually exclusive. In fact, some of the rate changes are probably explained by the emerging pattern abnormalities, such as bursts in discharge. It appears that these rate and pattern changes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical pathways actively disrupt co ...
Sauve CVE 2015 - Calgary Vision Event
... extreme form (iced water) as test for brain-death for organ transplant approval. Adaptation over 2 - 3 weeks. The sensitivity of the VOR is state-dependent and tends to decline over days and weeks if the vestibular apparatus is constantly over-stimulated. Mechanism: presynaptic inhibition of transmi ...
... extreme form (iced water) as test for brain-death for organ transplant approval. Adaptation over 2 - 3 weeks. The sensitivity of the VOR is state-dependent and tends to decline over days and weeks if the vestibular apparatus is constantly over-stimulated. Mechanism: presynaptic inhibition of transmi ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... indicated that cis-only mice recapitulate the deficits in GABAergic neurons observed in the cortex of null mutants at birth. Unexpectedly, neither Gfra1 TLZ/TLZ or cis-only mice showed any loss of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosple ...
... indicated that cis-only mice recapitulate the deficits in GABAergic neurons observed in the cortex of null mutants at birth. Unexpectedly, neither Gfra1 TLZ/TLZ or cis-only mice showed any loss of Cb ⫹ cells in more rostromedial and caudomedial areas, corresponding to prospective motor and retrosple ...
Calculating Consequences - Human Reward and Decision Making lab
... assigned to each condition for each subject are listed in supplemental Table 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). The high-contingency schedules (65.8 ⫾ 5.3; mean ⫾ SE) were associated with significantly higher causality judgments than the low-contingency schedules (41.5 ⫾ 7. ...
... assigned to each condition for each subject are listed in supplemental Table 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). The high-contingency schedules (65.8 ⫾ 5.3; mean ⫾ SE) were associated with significantly higher causality judgments than the low-contingency schedules (41.5 ⫾ 7. ...
CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULE 12.1
... Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): o Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement o Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input o Association areas integrate different typ ...
... Neocortex is divided into three areas: primary motor cortex, primary sensory cortices, and association areas (continued): o Primary motor cortex – plans and executes movement o Primary sensory cortices – first regions to receive and process sensory input o Association areas integrate different typ ...
Chapter 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic
... 2. Golgi tendon organs – are similar in function to Ruffini corpuscles, but are located at the junction between a skeletal muscle and its tendon. These receptors are stimulated by tension in the tendon and monitor the external ...
... 2. Golgi tendon organs – are similar in function to Ruffini corpuscles, but are located at the junction between a skeletal muscle and its tendon. These receptors are stimulated by tension in the tendon and monitor the external ...
Neurotic Overview
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
... b. Gliosis: chronic proliferation of astrocyte processes glial scar, common in MS c. Cavitation: occurs w/ significant neuron/glia loss; cavity filled w/ interstitial fluid and lined by gliotic brain tissue d. Metabolic Astrocytosis (aka Alzheimers type 2): proliferation/enlargement of gray matter ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... first evolved, and replication of existing modules, subject to subsequent phylogenetic and ontogenetic modification, represents a common and convenient mechanism for expansion and elaboration in biological systems. Columns in the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1978), parasagittal strips in the cerebellar c ...
... first evolved, and replication of existing modules, subject to subsequent phylogenetic and ontogenetic modification, represents a common and convenient mechanism for expansion and elaboration in biological systems. Columns in the neocortex (Mountcastle, 1978), parasagittal strips in the cerebellar c ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... structural–functional correlation at that location differed across subject groups. In the second approach (‘‘separate slopes’’ model), we attempted to directly map locations where the structure–function relationship differed between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. One challenge ...
... structural–functional correlation at that location differed across subject groups. In the second approach (‘‘separate slopes’’ model), we attempted to directly map locations where the structure–function relationship differed between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. One challenge ...
Biological Foundations of Behaviour
... the brain and spinal cord are covered by a tubelike myelin sheath, a fatty, whitish insulation layer derived from glial cells during development. The myelin sheath is interrupted at regular intervals by the nodes of Ranvier, where the myelin is either extremely thin or absent. The nodes make the mye ...
... the brain and spinal cord are covered by a tubelike myelin sheath, a fatty, whitish insulation layer derived from glial cells during development. The myelin sheath is interrupted at regular intervals by the nodes of Ranvier, where the myelin is either extremely thin or absent. The nodes make the mye ...
Efficient gene delivery to the adult and fetal CNS using
... tract; SFFV, spleen focus-forming virus promoter; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; WPRE, woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulation element). The NI lentiviral vectors were pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSVG), rabies and gp64 envelopes and stereotactic ...
... tract; SFFV, spleen focus-forming virus promoter; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; WPRE, woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulation element). The NI lentiviral vectors were pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSVG), rabies and gp64 envelopes and stereotactic ...
The Motor Cortex and Descending Control of Movement
... suggests that the functional role of the ipsilateral projection differs from that of the contralateral one. Questions still remain regarding how the M1 activity during ipsilateral movements is related to the ipsilateral CST projection, and to other brain regions involved in movement control, and how ...
... suggests that the functional role of the ipsilateral projection differs from that of the contralateral one. Questions still remain regarding how the M1 activity during ipsilateral movements is related to the ipsilateral CST projection, and to other brain regions involved in movement control, and how ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
... The efficiency of the primate visual system in extracting meaning from visual scenes is well-known. For instance, in a task where subjects must decide whether a briefly flashed photograph of a natural scene contains a target category such as an animal or food, monkeys can accurately respond as early as ...
Cognitive reserve_Valenciano_Guàrdia_June2014
... rise in the number of people who suffer one form of dementia or another. There are different degrees and types of dementia, from mild alterations with a low impact on the quality of life to levels of cognitive impairment that cause a notorious effect in people’s capacity to live independently (Kande ...
... rise in the number of people who suffer one form of dementia or another. There are different degrees and types of dementia, from mild alterations with a low impact on the quality of life to levels of cognitive impairment that cause a notorious effect in people’s capacity to live independently (Kande ...
ABSTRACT BOOK CHAMPALIMAUD NEUROSCIENCE
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
... processing and behavioral output of the CNS, however, no study has determined the effects of altered inhibition/excitation (I/E) ratio on circuit function and behavior. We used the visual system in Xenopus to probe the postulated function of I/E in brain function. Synaptic inhibition was decreased w ...
The manifold nature of interpersonal relations: the quest for a
... sensory information. Three-week-old infants are able to visually identify pacifiers that they previously felt having sucked on them when blindfolded (Meltzoff & Borton 1979). What was previously experienced as haptically different was later recognized as being visually different. Other studies have ...
... sensory information. Three-week-old infants are able to visually identify pacifiers that they previously felt having sucked on them when blindfolded (Meltzoff & Borton 1979). What was previously experienced as haptically different was later recognized as being visually different. Other studies have ...
Basal Ganglia
... inherent high threshold for activation. When a strong excitatory (GLU) signal is sent from area 6, STR projection neurons begin to fire action potentials. Similar to area 6, STR neurons also begin firing prior to the planned movement. Once the planned movement has been initiated, area 6 neurons sh ...
... inherent high threshold for activation. When a strong excitatory (GLU) signal is sent from area 6, STR projection neurons begin to fire action potentials. Similar to area 6, STR neurons also begin firing prior to the planned movement. Once the planned movement has been initiated, area 6 neurons sh ...
Anatomy Review - Interactive Physiology
... • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synapses transmit signals more slowly than electrical synapses but the signal may be either excitato ...
... • Electrical current cannot flow directly from one neuron to the other. •A chemical, called a neurotransmitter, is released from the sending axon and carries the signal to the next neuron. • Chemical synapses transmit signals more slowly than electrical synapses but the signal may be either excitato ...
Hippocampus, hippocampal sclerosis and epilepsy
... febrile convulsions, cerebral thrombosis and neuroinfections. Therefore, the neurobiologic basis of epileptogenesis was analyzed in experimental models of such damages [43]. Epileptic focus formation is often explained by the kindling model [68], defined as a progressive increase in neuronal respons ...
... febrile convulsions, cerebral thrombosis and neuroinfections. Therefore, the neurobiologic basis of epileptogenesis was analyzed in experimental models of such damages [43]. Epileptic focus formation is often explained by the kindling model [68], defined as a progressive increase in neuronal respons ...
Behavioral Detectability of Single-Cell Stimulation in the Ventral
... Analysis. We restricted the analysis of behavioral responses to those single-cell stimulation and catch trials in which animals were considered attentive, as judged by their performance in microstimulation trials. Specifically, singlecell stimulation trials and catch trials were included if the anim ...
... Analysis. We restricted the analysis of behavioral responses to those single-cell stimulation and catch trials in which animals were considered attentive, as judged by their performance in microstimulation trials. Specifically, singlecell stimulation trials and catch trials were included if the anim ...
Way SW, McKenna J 3rd, Mietzsch U, Reith RM, Wu HC, Gambello MJ. Loss of Tsc2 in radial glia models the brain pathology of tuberous sclerosis complex in the mouse. Human Molecular Genetics. 2009 Apr 1; 18(7):1252-65.
... and died from seizures by 3 months of life. Generation of a neuron-specific deletion of Tsc1 using a synapsin-Cre driver also produced severely compromised animals that died within a few months of life from seizures (37,38). There is some discrepancy as to whether these animals exhibit histologic ab ...
... and died from seizures by 3 months of life. Generation of a neuron-specific deletion of Tsc1 using a synapsin-Cre driver also produced severely compromised animals that died within a few months of life from seizures (37,38). There is some discrepancy as to whether these animals exhibit histologic ab ...
ppt - IISER Pune
... matrix, neighbouring neurons – all participate in synaptogenesis Synapses mature over the course of development – experience dependent plasticity, critical periods, etc.... ...
... matrix, neighbouring neurons – all participate in synaptogenesis Synapses mature over the course of development – experience dependent plasticity, critical periods, etc.... ...