Cloud-Based Exploration of Complex Ecosystems for Science
... of species native to ecosystems (Hughes et al. 1997), the invasion of ecosystems by species alien to them (Williamson 1996) and degradation of ocean productivity due to overfishing (Worm et al. 2009). Interacting species within ecosystems including humans form highly complex, nonlinear, dynamically ...
... of species native to ecosystems (Hughes et al. 1997), the invasion of ecosystems by species alien to them (Williamson 1996) and degradation of ocean productivity due to overfishing (Worm et al. 2009). Interacting species within ecosystems including humans form highly complex, nonlinear, dynamically ...
1 Lecture 5. Producers, consumers and decomposers of an
... 2. ‘Y’ shaped/2 channel energy flow models Single channel energy model This model explains the unidirectional flow of energy. Whatever the energy captured by the autotrophs does not revert back to solar input. As it moves progressively through the various trophic levels, it is no longer available t ...
... 2. ‘Y’ shaped/2 channel energy flow models Single channel energy model This model explains the unidirectional flow of energy. Whatever the energy captured by the autotrophs does not revert back to solar input. As it moves progressively through the various trophic levels, it is no longer available t ...
MCA Review Part II: Interdependence Among Living Systems
... and indicate whether the interaction is +/+, +/-, or +/o a. Predation: when one organism captures and feeds upon another organism +/b. Symbiosis: a close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another 1. Mutualism: an interspec ...
... and indicate whether the interaction is +/+, +/-, or +/o a. Predation: when one organism captures and feeds upon another organism +/b. Symbiosis: a close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another 1. Mutualism: an interspec ...
chapter 13 test-
... 2. Most marine algae are limited to depths above 100 meters; red algae have been observed growing at depths of over 250 meters. 3. Marine algae that grow close to the limits of light penetration have accessory photosynthetic pigments that absorb high energy, short-wavelength light in the blue region ...
... 2. Most marine algae are limited to depths above 100 meters; red algae have been observed growing at depths of over 250 meters. 3. Marine algae that grow close to the limits of light penetration have accessory photosynthetic pigments that absorb high energy, short-wavelength light in the blue region ...
Ecology Notes Powerpoint
... place at the same time ◦ Organisms compete for food, water, mates. Determines how large each population can become ...
... place at the same time ◦ Organisms compete for food, water, mates. Determines how large each population can become ...
ppt
... this way to a _____________ One important difference is, there is currently no evidence that natural selection operates on the overall food web as it does on whole organisms. A community is more like a ...
... this way to a _____________ One important difference is, there is currently no evidence that natural selection operates on the overall food web as it does on whole organisms. A community is more like a ...
Unit 10: Ecology Notes
... 3. Saprotrophs/Decomposers/Detrivores – Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organisms. Q: What important role do the decomposers play in an ecosystem?_______________________________________ ...
... 3. Saprotrophs/Decomposers/Detrivores – Organisms that obtain nutrients from dead organisms. Q: What important role do the decomposers play in an ecosystem?_______________________________________ ...
Year 8: Living World-‐ Ecosystems
... 4LW5d. predict how human activities can affect interactions in food chains and food webs, including examples from Australian land or marine ecosystems (ACSSU112) Literacy activity (ESL focus): Define and ...
... 4LW5d. predict how human activities can affect interactions in food chains and food webs, including examples from Australian land or marine ecosystems (ACSSU112) Literacy activity (ESL focus): Define and ...
Unit 6: Ecology
... that make their own food. 2. heterotrophs: aka consumers, acquire food by eating other organisms. 3 types: a. herbivores: eat only plants b. carnivores: eat other animals (meat) c. decomposers: break down wastes and dead bodies, play an important role in recycling resources! 3. Scavengers: feed on d ...
... that make their own food. 2. heterotrophs: aka consumers, acquire food by eating other organisms. 3 types: a. herbivores: eat only plants b. carnivores: eat other animals (meat) c. decomposers: break down wastes and dead bodies, play an important role in recycling resources! 3. Scavengers: feed on d ...
Interactions and Ecosystems Review
... Reduce, reuse, recycle, recover: mean , how are they different? examples difference between recycling and reusing… consumers & producers : which foods contain the highest amount of E carnivores herbivores omnivores Photosynthesis (the formula). How related to cellular respiration? cellular respirati ...
... Reduce, reuse, recycle, recover: mean , how are they different? examples difference between recycling and reusing… consumers & producers : which foods contain the highest amount of E carnivores herbivores omnivores Photosynthesis (the formula). How related to cellular respiration? cellular respirati ...
AP Biology Study Guide
... 5. Describe the mutualistic relationship between corals and dinoflagellates. 6. Define predation. Describe the protective strategies potential prey employ to avoidpredators. 7. Explain why many plants have chemicals, spines, or thorns. Define coevolution and describe an example. 8. Explain how paras ...
... 5. Describe the mutualistic relationship between corals and dinoflagellates. 6. Define predation. Describe the protective strategies potential prey employ to avoidpredators. 7. Explain why many plants have chemicals, spines, or thorns. Define coevolution and describe an example. 8. Explain how paras ...
ecology - cloudfront.net
... c) omnivores d) detritivores – feed on dead matter called detritus (mites, earthworms, snails, crabs) e) decomposers – break down organic matter (bacteria, fungi) Date: Feeding Relationships (p.69) *Energy flows in ONE direction, starting w/ sun & inorganic cmpds food chain: organisms transfer E b ...
... c) omnivores d) detritivores – feed on dead matter called detritus (mites, earthworms, snails, crabs) e) decomposers – break down organic matter (bacteria, fungi) Date: Feeding Relationships (p.69) *Energy flows in ONE direction, starting w/ sun & inorganic cmpds food chain: organisms transfer E b ...
Intro to Ecology
... total mass of primary consumers, and the total mass of primary consumers is greater than the total mass of secondary consumers and so on. •A biomass pyramid can be used to show this decrease in biomass at each higher feeding level. Mrs. Degl ...
... total mass of primary consumers, and the total mass of primary consumers is greater than the total mass of secondary consumers and so on. •A biomass pyramid can be used to show this decrease in biomass at each higher feeding level. Mrs. Degl ...
Biology CP
... Be able to identify biotic and abiotic factors Be able to identify and/or give examples of competition and predation Be able to identify and/or give examples of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism Be able to interpret and analyze food chains and food webs: Identify primary, secondary a ...
... Be able to identify biotic and abiotic factors Be able to identify and/or give examples of competition and predation Be able to identify and/or give examples of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism and parasitism Be able to interpret and analyze food chains and food webs: Identify primary, secondary a ...
Organism A Organism B Mutualism
... - Decomposer – consumer that breaks down living/dead organic matter - Detritivore – consumer that eats decaying organic matter and feces - Trophic Level – energy level or step in a food chain/web - Succession – series of predictable changes in a community over time. - Symbiosis – two organisms livin ...
... - Decomposer – consumer that breaks down living/dead organic matter - Detritivore – consumer that eats decaying organic matter and feces - Trophic Level – energy level or step in a food chain/web - Succession – series of predictable changes in a community over time. - Symbiosis – two organisms livin ...
Introduction to Marine Life
... • Species in warmer seawater tend to be smaller then relatives in colder water • More appendages in warmer seawater • Tropical organisms grow faster, live shorter, reproduce more often • More diversity in warmer seawater • Total amount of life is greater in cooler seawater (lots of nutrients) ...
... • Species in warmer seawater tend to be smaller then relatives in colder water • More appendages in warmer seawater • Tropical organisms grow faster, live shorter, reproduce more often • More diversity in warmer seawater • Total amount of life is greater in cooler seawater (lots of nutrients) ...
1- Autotrophs
... It comprises the living part of the environment, which includes the association of a number of interrelated populations belonging to different species inhabiting a common environment. The populations are those of animal community, plant community and microbial community. Biotic community is distingu ...
... It comprises the living part of the environment, which includes the association of a number of interrelated populations belonging to different species inhabiting a common environment. The populations are those of animal community, plant community and microbial community. Biotic community is distingu ...
vocabulary ecology
... Isolating Mechanisms: Features of behaviors, morphology, or genetics which serve to prevent mating or breeding between two different species (e.g., temporal isolation, in which individuals are active at different times of the day, seasons, or mating periods; ecological isolation, in which individual ...
... Isolating Mechanisms: Features of behaviors, morphology, or genetics which serve to prevent mating or breeding between two different species (e.g., temporal isolation, in which individuals are active at different times of the day, seasons, or mating periods; ecological isolation, in which individual ...
Does the positive body size-trophic level - Archimer
... The structure, dynamics and productivity of marine ecosystems depend mainly on their underlying food webs. Seasonality, habitat diversity and variability of available organic matter sources are all external factors affecting the trophodynamics of these networks. Concurrently, intrinsic factors such ...
... The structure, dynamics and productivity of marine ecosystems depend mainly on their underlying food webs. Seasonality, habitat diversity and variability of available organic matter sources are all external factors affecting the trophodynamics of these networks. Concurrently, intrinsic factors such ...
Unit D: Changes in Living Systems
... • Because of the loss of energy with trophic levels, there are two consequences for the ecosystem: 1. Because productivity is lower at higher trophic levels, there is less biomass at these levels 2. Lower biomass at higher trophic levels, combined with large body size of top consumers, results in lo ...
... • Because of the loss of energy with trophic levels, there are two consequences for the ecosystem: 1. Because productivity is lower at higher trophic levels, there is less biomass at these levels 2. Lower biomass at higher trophic levels, combined with large body size of top consumers, results in lo ...
Unit D: Changes in Living Systems
... • Because of the loss of energy with trophic levels, there are two consequences for the ecosystem: 1. Because productivity is lower at higher trophic levels, there is less biomass at these levels 2. Lower biomass at higher trophic levels, combined with large body size of top consumers, results in lo ...
... • Because of the loss of energy with trophic levels, there are two consequences for the ecosystem: 1. Because productivity is lower at higher trophic levels, there is less biomass at these levels 2. Lower biomass at higher trophic levels, combined with large body size of top consumers, results in lo ...
Biology Pre-Learning Check
... For each example below, put Pr for predation, Pa for parasitism, M for mutualism mutualism, and C for commensalism. Each blank will have only one answer, but letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. 53. _______ bacteria in plant roots get carbohydrates from the plants and give them ni ...
... For each example below, put Pr for predation, Pa for parasitism, M for mutualism mutualism, and C for commensalism. Each blank will have only one answer, but letters may be used once, more than once or not at all. 53. _______ bacteria in plant roots get carbohydrates from the plants and give them ni ...
Power point
... Each trophic level contains a certain amount of biomass (dry weight of all organic matter) Chemical energy stored in biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next With each trophic transfer, some usable energy is degraded and lost to the environment as low quality heat • Thus, only a sma ...
... Each trophic level contains a certain amount of biomass (dry weight of all organic matter) Chemical energy stored in biomass is transferred from one trophic level to the next With each trophic transfer, some usable energy is degraded and lost to the environment as low quality heat • Thus, only a sma ...
Standard I Review
... Food chain • Can you draw a food chain and the arrows showing the way that the energy goes. • What do you need to know? • What the animal eats. • What is the energy molecule (animals)? ...
... Food chain • Can you draw a food chain and the arrows showing the way that the energy goes. • What do you need to know? • What the animal eats. • What is the energy molecule (animals)? ...
2012 WATER QUALITY–TRAINING HANDOUT THE COMPETITION:
... Gross primary productivity = the rate at which the primary producers capture and store energy per unit time since the primary producers expend energy during respiration the net primary productivity is considerably lower than the gross productivity Productivity is usually measured as biomass (dry ...
... Gross primary productivity = the rate at which the primary producers capture and store energy per unit time since the primary producers expend energy during respiration the net primary productivity is considerably lower than the gross productivity Productivity is usually measured as biomass (dry ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.