Attachment 1
... 1. Nutrients – abiotic component of food webs; required for all life 2. Primary producers/autotrophs – photosynthesize; produce energy from sun, carbon dioxide and water; require nutrients ...
... 1. Nutrients – abiotic component of food webs; required for all life 2. Primary producers/autotrophs – photosynthesize; produce energy from sun, carbon dioxide and water; require nutrients ...
7th Grade Science: Semester Review – Spring 2017 Part II: Due
... Gravity the force of attraction between objects due to their masses and distances between them Launch - the process of setting a rocket or spacecraft in motion Orbit – the path a body follows as it travels around another body in space Ozone – a molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms Solar sy ...
... Gravity the force of attraction between objects due to their masses and distances between them Launch - the process of setting a rocket or spacecraft in motion Orbit – the path a body follows as it travels around another body in space Ozone – a molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms Solar sy ...
AP BiologyEcology Unit Study QuestionsMs. Dolce CHAPTER 53
... 3. Define the following energy budget terms: a. Primary productivity b. Gross primary productivity c. Net primary productivity 4. Which ecosystems have the highest productivity per unit area? 5. What factors do you think contribute to such high productivity? 6. Why is the open ocean so low in produc ...
... 3. Define the following energy budget terms: a. Primary productivity b. Gross primary productivity c. Net primary productivity 4. Which ecosystems have the highest productivity per unit area? 5. What factors do you think contribute to such high productivity? 6. Why is the open ocean so low in produc ...
Document
... c. dead and partially decayed material. d. living bacteria and fungi. e. both organic wastes plus dead and partially decayed material. Decomposers a. are able to enter a food chain at any trophic level. b. are the most numerous organisms in an ecosystem. c. include bacteria and fungi. d. use energy ...
... c. dead and partially decayed material. d. living bacteria and fungi. e. both organic wastes plus dead and partially decayed material. Decomposers a. are able to enter a food chain at any trophic level. b. are the most numerous organisms in an ecosystem. c. include bacteria and fungi. d. use energy ...
File
... relationships in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. Example: dog and a tick ...
... relationships in which one organism benefits while the other is harmed. Example: dog and a tick ...
THE EcosysTEm 2 Structure 2.1
... Pyramids of numbers The numbers of producers and consumers coexisting in an ecosystem can be shown by counting the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem and constructing a pyramid. Quantitative data for each trophic level are drawn to scale as horizontal bars arranged symmetrically around a central a ...
... Pyramids of numbers The numbers of producers and consumers coexisting in an ecosystem can be shown by counting the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem and constructing a pyramid. Quantitative data for each trophic level are drawn to scale as horizontal bars arranged symmetrically around a central a ...
File - Schuette Science
... KEY QUESTION: (Class discussion during notes) Within an organism’s habitat, part of its role (niche!) is to compete for food. Besides food, what other resources do organisms compete for? List at least three. ...
... KEY QUESTION: (Class discussion during notes) Within an organism’s habitat, part of its role (niche!) is to compete for food. Besides food, what other resources do organisms compete for? List at least three. ...
Supporting Information S2: Ecopath with Ecosim The modelled food
... Supporting Information S2: Ecopath with Ecosim The modelled food web is represented by nodes or functional groups (i), which can be composed of species, groups of species with ecological similarities or ontogenetic fractions of a species. Ecopath uses two equations to parameterize models: one for th ...
... Supporting Information S2: Ecopath with Ecosim The modelled food web is represented by nodes or functional groups (i), which can be composed of species, groups of species with ecological similarities or ontogenetic fractions of a species. Ecopath uses two equations to parameterize models: one for th ...
Biosphere VOCAB QUIZ Name _____ All the organisms that live in a
... _____ the parts of the planet (from about 8 km above the Earth’s surface down to 11 km below the ocean’s surface) including land, water or atmosphere in which all life exists _____ group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring _____ organisms that can ...
... _____ the parts of the planet (from about 8 km above the Earth’s surface down to 11 km below the ocean’s surface) including land, water or atmosphere in which all life exists _____ group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring _____ organisms that can ...
1.02_Ecology_Guided_Notes
... Why is the % of energy passed on to the next trophic level so low? 1. Energy is lost in the form of __________ 2. Some animals _________ from being eaten & just die. Their energy in their bodies do not pass to a higher energy level. 3. Some animal parts can not be eaten. Cougar eats deer, can not ex ...
... Why is the % of energy passed on to the next trophic level so low? 1. Energy is lost in the form of __________ 2. Some animals _________ from being eaten & just die. Their energy in their bodies do not pass to a higher energy level. 3. Some animal parts can not be eaten. Cougar eats deer, can not ex ...
Chapter 6 Objective Questions
... in order to reseed and germinate. Can you imagine! We will talk about the importance of fires later in the year. 1. What is succession? ...
... in order to reseed and germinate. Can you imagine! We will talk about the importance of fires later in the year. 1. What is succession? ...
SA Ecology
... A: According to the 10% rule each trophic level in a food chain typically receives roughly 10% of the chemical energy that the trophic level immediately below it receives in the same time-period. OR Other statement explaining the relation between productivity rates at successive levels of a food cha ...
... A: According to the 10% rule each trophic level in a food chain typically receives roughly 10% of the chemical energy that the trophic level immediately below it receives in the same time-period. OR Other statement explaining the relation between productivity rates at successive levels of a food cha ...
TOPIC 2: Ecosystems NOTES CASE STUDIES
... intraspecific where the competition is between members of the same species or interspecific where the competition for a resource is between individuals of different species. Predation: The interaction of two organisms where the predator (which has a higher trophic level) feeds on the prey (lower tro ...
... intraspecific where the competition is between members of the same species or interspecific where the competition for a resource is between individuals of different species. Predation: The interaction of two organisms where the predator (which has a higher trophic level) feeds on the prey (lower tro ...
Science Chapter 7 Notes
... C. Decomposer-an organism that obtains its food from wastes and dead organisms. III. Energy transfer in Ecosystems A. Food Chain- Shows a possible path that energy can take through an ecosystem. 1. A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological ...
... C. Decomposer-an organism that obtains its food from wastes and dead organisms. III. Energy transfer in Ecosystems A. Food Chain- Shows a possible path that energy can take through an ecosystem. 1. A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological ...
Ecology Guided Notes
... Why is the % of energy passed on to the next trophic level so low? 1. Energy is lost in the form of __________ 2. Some animals _________ from being eaten & just die. Their energy in their bodies do not pass to a higher energy level. 3. Some animal parts can not be eaten. Cougar eats deer, can not ex ...
... Why is the % of energy passed on to the next trophic level so low? 1. Energy is lost in the form of __________ 2. Some animals _________ from being eaten & just die. Their energy in their bodies do not pass to a higher energy level. 3. Some animal parts can not be eaten. Cougar eats deer, can not ex ...
Food Webs and Species Interactions: Teacher`s Guide
... found. For example, without certain prey species, predators would have nothing to eat and their populations would decline. Using the concept and term, ‘keystone species,’ directs attention towards the strengths of the interactions of species in a food web. The goal of this activity is to identify di ...
... found. For example, without certain prey species, predators would have nothing to eat and their populations would decline. Using the concept and term, ‘keystone species,’ directs attention towards the strengths of the interactions of species in a food web. The goal of this activity is to identify di ...
Infaunal Trophic Index (ITI)
... where Ni is abundance of organisms in trophic group i. See text below for explanation. Sampling and identification of benthic macrofauna community as described for Annotated sheet on Macrofauna univariate statistics. Categorisation of species identified into trophic groups using a published list (WR ...
... where Ni is abundance of organisms in trophic group i. See text below for explanation. Sampling and identification of benthic macrofauna community as described for Annotated sheet on Macrofauna univariate statistics. Categorisation of species identified into trophic groups using a published list (WR ...
Model systems - Stanford University
... sensing measures of total area, maximum canopy height, canopy height heterogeneity, topographic ground heterogeneity, and total volume will help estimate kīpuka habitat complexity. LiDAR is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance Fig. 4. Technician climbing an `ohi`a (Metr ...
... sensing measures of total area, maximum canopy height, canopy height heterogeneity, topographic ground heterogeneity, and total volume will help estimate kīpuka habitat complexity. LiDAR is an optical remote sensing technology that can measure the distance Fig. 4. Technician climbing an `ohi`a (Metr ...
Species diversity throughout the food chain maintains multiple
... Biodiversity’s contribution to ecosystem services in grasslands — at different levels of the food chain (known as trophic levels1) — has been assessed in a new study. Higher species diversity across trophic levels — particularly for plants, insects and soil microbial decomposers — is important for t ...
... Biodiversity’s contribution to ecosystem services in grasslands — at different levels of the food chain (known as trophic levels1) — has been assessed in a new study. Higher species diversity across trophic levels — particularly for plants, insects and soil microbial decomposers — is important for t ...
Unit 3 - Life on Earth
... Equation for an ecosystem. Ways humans impact the environment. Give a short description of each. ...
... Equation for an ecosystem. Ways humans impact the environment. Give a short description of each. ...
Energy-FLow-and-Cycles1516 rev1
... eating what. FOOD WEBS: are made up of many food chains. ENERGY PYRAMIDS: show how much energy is moving from one level to the next in a food web. Only about 10% of the energy at one level of a food web is transferred to the next highest level. ...
... eating what. FOOD WEBS: are made up of many food chains. ENERGY PYRAMIDS: show how much energy is moving from one level to the next in a food web. Only about 10% of the energy at one level of a food web is transferred to the next highest level. ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.