2-2 and 2-3 Ecological roles, relationships and symbiosis
... Predator = an organism that actively hunts another ...
... Predator = an organism that actively hunts another ...
Ecology Worksheets The Science of Ecology Principles of Ecology True or False
... Plants are the most important photoautotrophs in land-based, or terrestrial, ecosystems. There is great variation in the plant kingdom. Plants include organisms as different as trees, grasses, mosses, and ferns. Nonetheless, all plants are eukaryotes that contain chloroplasts, the cellular “machiner ...
... Plants are the most important photoautotrophs in land-based, or terrestrial, ecosystems. There is great variation in the plant kingdom. Plants include organisms as different as trees, grasses, mosses, and ferns. Nonetheless, all plants are eukaryotes that contain chloroplasts, the cellular “machiner ...
Review for the Ecology Unit Test!
... Carnivores- eat animals Omnivores- eat both plants and animals Detritivores- eat dead matter (plants and animals) ...
... Carnivores- eat animals Omnivores- eat both plants and animals Detritivores- eat dead matter (plants and animals) ...
Phytoplankton are producers/autotrophs/photosynthesise
... consequences for ecosystems, eg loss of plant species, nesting sites etc Any 6 from 10 ...
... consequences for ecosystems, eg loss of plant species, nesting sites etc Any 6 from 10 ...
Word - Learnz
... organisms that, because they are non-motile or too small or weak to swim against the current, exist in a drifting state in the water they live in. The term plankton is a collective name for all such organisms—including certain algae, bacteria, crustaceans, molluscs and colenterates as well as repres ...
... organisms that, because they are non-motile or too small or weak to swim against the current, exist in a drifting state in the water they live in. The term plankton is a collective name for all such organisms—including certain algae, bacteria, crustaceans, molluscs and colenterates as well as repres ...
Non-consumptive effects of a top-predator decrease the strength of
... to determine the effect of top-predator cues on lizard consumption without considering the subsequent effects on lower trophic levels (see methods in Supplementary material Appendix 1). The main experiment, conducted in September 2012, aimed at determining the non-consumptive effects of top-predator ...
... to determine the effect of top-predator cues on lizard consumption without considering the subsequent effects on lower trophic levels (see methods in Supplementary material Appendix 1). The main experiment, conducted in September 2012, aimed at determining the non-consumptive effects of top-predator ...
Chapter 37 Communities and Ecosystems
... The return of CO2 to the atmosphere by respiration closely balances its removal by photosynthesis ...
... The return of CO2 to the atmosphere by respiration closely balances its removal by photosynthesis ...
A food web perspective on large herbivore community limitation
... the relative contribution of bottom-up and top-down controls on herbivores across environmental gradients. They argued that the functioning of savannas is primarily determined by a) vegetation quality and productivity that directly influence the differential performance of herbivores of different bo ...
... the relative contribution of bottom-up and top-down controls on herbivores across environmental gradients. They argued that the functioning of savannas is primarily determined by a) vegetation quality and productivity that directly influence the differential performance of herbivores of different bo ...
Biology 100 – Introduction to Biology
... Which of the terms below BEST describes a relationship where both organisms are negatively affected? a. Mutualism b. Competition c. Parasitism d. Commensalism e. Predation ...
... Which of the terms below BEST describes a relationship where both organisms are negatively affected? a. Mutualism b. Competition c. Parasitism d. Commensalism e. Predation ...
Ecosystem
... The return of CO2 to the atmosphere by respiration closely balances its removal by photosynthesis The carbon cycle is affected by burning wood and fossil fuels ...
... The return of CO2 to the atmosphere by respiration closely balances its removal by photosynthesis The carbon cycle is affected by burning wood and fossil fuels ...
Scavenging: how carnivores and carrion structure communities
... experience linked population dynamics via greater predation pressure than they would if the predator fed on only one of the prey. Assimilation efficiency: the proportion of a prey item ingested by a consumer that is not lost to sloppy feeding or egestion (values range from 0 to 1). Autotrophs: the b ...
... experience linked population dynamics via greater predation pressure than they would if the predator fed on only one of the prey. Assimilation efficiency: the proportion of a prey item ingested by a consumer that is not lost to sloppy feeding or egestion (values range from 0 to 1). Autotrophs: the b ...
Than Muck Munchers: Detritivores Impact Primary Producer Food Web
... laboratory working group at the University of Maryland has had success conducting and analyzing this type of experimental design (Finke and Denno 2004, Finke and Denno 2005). I predict that detritivore communities that synergistically graze leaf litter and promote microbial decomposition will positi ...
... laboratory working group at the University of Maryland has had success conducting and analyzing this type of experimental design (Finke and Denno 2004, Finke and Denno 2005). I predict that detritivore communities that synergistically graze leaf litter and promote microbial decomposition will positi ...
Ecology Study Guide
... Read section 54.3 carefully. You will not need to make calculations but do be able to explain how the situation depicted in Fig 54.12(b) can be possible. In Fig 54.10, the 67 J is the energy in the food (think glucose for example) which was not converted to ATP energy during respiration. Know ...
... Read section 54.3 carefully. You will not need to make calculations but do be able to explain how the situation depicted in Fig 54.12(b) can be possible. In Fig 54.10, the 67 J is the energy in the food (think glucose for example) which was not converted to ATP energy during respiration. Know ...
flashcards_ecology - Maples Elementary School
... The relationship between plants and animals that shows who eats what. Energy is transferred from one organism to another through the food chain ...
... The relationship between plants and animals that shows who eats what. Energy is transferred from one organism to another through the food chain ...
AQA(B) A2 Module 5: Environment Contents
... The many relationships between the members of a community in an ecosystem can be described by food chains and webs. Each stage in a food chain is called a trophic level, and the arrows represent the flow of energy and matter through the food chain. Food chains always start with photosynthetic produc ...
... The many relationships between the members of a community in an ecosystem can be described by food chains and webs. Each stage in a food chain is called a trophic level, and the arrows represent the flow of energy and matter through the food chain. Food chains always start with photosynthetic produc ...
UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL
... This text will be available for check out in the library for those that do not want to purchase the text. Advantages to purchasing your own copy of the text include: the ability to highlight the text as you actively read, annotating the figures, use of the Master-Biology Multimedia CD that comes wit ...
... This text will be available for check out in the library for those that do not want to purchase the text. Advantages to purchasing your own copy of the text include: the ability to highlight the text as you actively read, annotating the figures, use of the Master-Biology Multimedia CD that comes wit ...
defining and measuring trophic role similarity
... based on predator and prey relations. The Yodzis–Winemiller approach is an important advance because it formalizes a fundamental concept (providing all the associated benefits of precision and measurability), and because it incorporates connections up and down the food web. However, it also retains a ...
... based on predator and prey relations. The Yodzis–Winemiller approach is an important advance because it formalizes a fundamental concept (providing all the associated benefits of precision and measurability), and because it incorporates connections up and down the food web. However, it also retains a ...
Science_Standard_8_LFS - Brandywine School District
... A continual input of energy from the Sun keeps the process going. Level: Essential C. At each level of a food pyramid some energy is stored, but much is dissipated as heat. Consequently the number of trophic levels is finite, and the number of individuals in a population that feed at higher levels i ...
... A continual input of energy from the Sun keeps the process going. Level: Essential C. At each level of a food pyramid some energy is stored, but much is dissipated as heat. Consequently the number of trophic levels is finite, and the number of individuals in a population that feed at higher levels i ...
Standard 8
... continual input of energy from the Sun keeps the process going. Level: Essential C. At each level of a food pyramid some energy is stored, but much is dissipated as heat. Consequently the number of trophic levels is finite, and the number of individuals in a population that feed at higher levels is ...
... continual input of energy from the Sun keeps the process going. Level: Essential C. At each level of a food pyramid some energy is stored, but much is dissipated as heat. Consequently the number of trophic levels is finite, and the number of individuals in a population that feed at higher levels is ...
Sustaining the Saco
... For sustainable management of an ecosystem or resources within an ecosystem, it is not enough to study specific species of interest. It is much more informative for management and conservation decision-making to consider the connections among species in the ecosystem. Connections among most species ...
... For sustainable management of an ecosystem or resources within an ecosystem, it is not enough to study specific species of interest. It is much more informative for management and conservation decision-making to consider the connections among species in the ecosystem. Connections among most species ...
pdf
... success. With declining phosphorus loadings (Figure), Lake Ontario’s water quality improved and nuisance algal blooms subsided. However, algae and zooplankton (tiny crustaceans) levels also declined, decreasing the lake’s capacity to support fish. The filter-feeding zebra and quagga mussels (photo) ...
... success. With declining phosphorus loadings (Figure), Lake Ontario’s water quality improved and nuisance algal blooms subsided. However, algae and zooplankton (tiny crustaceans) levels also declined, decreasing the lake’s capacity to support fish. The filter-feeding zebra and quagga mussels (photo) ...
Chapter 37 PowerPoint
... community dynamics Consumers – Heterotrophs – Primary consumers (eat producers) – Secondary consumers (eat primary consumers) – Tertiary consumers (eat secondary consumers) – Quaternary consumers (eat tertiary consumers) ...
... community dynamics Consumers – Heterotrophs – Primary consumers (eat producers) – Secondary consumers (eat primary consumers) – Tertiary consumers (eat secondary consumers) – Quaternary consumers (eat tertiary consumers) ...
James A. Estes , 301 (2011); DOI: 10.1126/science.1205106
... Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind’s most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cas ...
... Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind’s most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cas ...
Diapozitiv 1
... or pesticide and herbicide use had an appreciable effect on nutrient loss from the ecosystem. ...
... or pesticide and herbicide use had an appreciable effect on nutrient loss from the ecosystem. ...
Ecological Modeler - Division of Instruction and Accountability
... each indicator, or developing models that demonstrate a combination of the understanding required by the indicators (high rigor). Having students create a model as an engagement at the beginning of instruction on this unit, and allowing them to modify these models to demonstrate new learning as the ...
... each indicator, or developing models that demonstrate a combination of the understanding required by the indicators (high rigor). Having students create a model as an engagement at the beginning of instruction on this unit, and allowing them to modify these models to demonstrate new learning as the ...
Food web
A food web (or food cycle) is the natural interconnection of food chains and generally a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is a consumer-resource system. Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide. These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs. A gradient exists between trophic levels running from complete autotrophs that obtain their sole source of carbon from the atmosphere, to mixotrophs (such as carnivorous plants) that are autotrophic organisms that partially obtain organic matter from sources other than the atmosphere, and complete heterotrophs that must feed to obtain organic matter. The linkages in a food web illustrate the feeding pathways, such as where heterotrophs obtain organic matter by feeding on autotrophs and other heterotrophs. The food web is a simplified illustration of the various methods of feeding that links an ecosystem into a unified system of exchange. There are different kinds of feeding relations that can be roughly divided into herbivory, carnivory, scavenging and parasitism. Some of the organic matter eaten by heterotrophs, such as sugars, provides energy. Autotrophs and heterotrophs come in all sizes, from microscopic to many tonnes - from cyanobacteria to giant redwoods, and from viruses and bdellovibrio to blue whales.Charles Elton pioneered the concept of food cycles, food chains, and food size in his classical 1927 book ""Animal Ecology""; Elton's 'food cycle' was replaced by 'food web' in a subsequent ecological text. Elton organized species into functional groups, which was the basis for Raymond Lindeman's classic and landmark paper in 1942 on trophic dynamics. Lindeman emphasized the important role of decomposer organisms in a trophic system of classification. The notion of a food web has a historical foothold in the writings of Charles Darwin and his terminology, including an ""entangled bank"", ""web of life"", ""web of complex relations"", and in reference to the decomposition actions of earthworms he talked about ""the continued movement of the particles of earth"". Even earlier, in 1768 John Bruckner described nature as ""one continued web of life"".Food webs are limited representations of real ecosystems as they necessarily aggregate many species into trophic species, which are functional groups of species that have the same predators and prey in a food web. Ecologists use these simplifications in quantitative (or mathematical) models of trophic or consumer-resource systems dynamics. Using these models they can measure and test for generalized patterns in the structure of real food web networks. Ecologists have identified non-random properties in the topographic structure of food webs. Published examples that are used in meta analysis are of variable quality with omissions. However, the number of empirical studies on community webs is on the rise and the mathematical treatment of food webs using network theory had identified patterns that are common to all. Scaling laws, for example, predict a relationship between the topology of food web predator-prey linkages and levels of species richness.