Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... • Aristotle thought brain was “radiator” to cool blood • Hippocrates was more accurate: “from the brain only, arises our pleasures, joys, laughter, and jests, as well as our sorrows, pains, griefs, and tears” • Cessation of brain activity—clinical criterion of death • Evolution of the central nervou ...
... • Aristotle thought brain was “radiator” to cool blood • Hippocrates was more accurate: “from the brain only, arises our pleasures, joys, laughter, and jests, as well as our sorrows, pains, griefs, and tears” • Cessation of brain activity—clinical criterion of death • Evolution of the central nervou ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
... remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The model is entirely composed of spiking excitatory and inhibitory neurons interconnected in a layered cortical architecture with distinct input, ...
Neural computations associated with goal-directed choice
... in the OFC encoded stimulus values regardless of the extent to which health or taste considerations drove the choices. However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested th ...
... in the OFC encoded stimulus values regardless of the extent to which health or taste considerations drove the choices. However, health information had a greater influence on the OFC value signals (and choices) when a region of left DLPFC was activated. A functional connectivity analysis suggested th ...
Adaptive neural coding: from biological to behavioral decision
... respectively, while the exponent a represents the exponentiation of inputs. The semisaturation term s determines the how quickly the function approaches saturation with increasing input, governing the range of inputs over which the response function is most sensitive. In the normalization algorithm, ...
... respectively, while the exponent a represents the exponentiation of inputs. The semisaturation term s determines the how quickly the function approaches saturation with increasing input, governing the range of inputs over which the response function is most sensitive. In the normalization algorithm, ...
Articulation-based sound perception in verbal repetition: a functional
... that the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2 Hb) over total Hb was significantly higher at the left IFG during repetition of pseudowords than that of words, replicating the observation by functional MRI and indicating that the region processes articulatory codes for verbal repetition. More impor ...
... that the proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin (O2 Hb) over total Hb was significantly higher at the left IFG during repetition of pseudowords than that of words, replicating the observation by functional MRI and indicating that the region processes articulatory codes for verbal repetition. More impor ...
Brain Development
... 3. Myelination is the process of coating the axon of each neuron with a fatty coating called myelin, which protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently. Myelination begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth, but is not completed in the frontal cortex until late in ...
... 3. Myelination is the process of coating the axon of each neuron with a fatty coating called myelin, which protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently. Myelination begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth, but is not completed in the frontal cortex until late in ...
Hippocampus duality: memory and novelty detection are subserved
... A matched-pair two-tailed signed-rank Wilcoxon test on individual averaged ERPs was used to assess significant differences between conditions. Such a nonparametric test was chosen because it does not require the assumption of normality. Furthermore, paired comparisons allow the comparison of ERP amp ...
... A matched-pair two-tailed signed-rank Wilcoxon test on individual averaged ERPs was used to assess significant differences between conditions. Such a nonparametric test was chosen because it does not require the assumption of normality. Furthermore, paired comparisons allow the comparison of ERP amp ...
motor cortex
... plays a role in movement velocity, as rubrospinal lesions cause a temporary slowness in movement receives most of its input from the cerebellum, plays a role in transmitting learned motor commands from the cerebellum to the musculature. ...
... plays a role in movement velocity, as rubrospinal lesions cause a temporary slowness in movement receives most of its input from the cerebellum, plays a role in transmitting learned motor commands from the cerebellum to the musculature. ...
Final Motor System2010-10-01 06:264.1 MB
... It functions in mental rehearsal of movements before performing a complex motor functions. With premotor cortex it translates the desire to perform a motor task into a series of motor command that will do the task. ...
... It functions in mental rehearsal of movements before performing a complex motor functions. With premotor cortex it translates the desire to perform a motor task into a series of motor command that will do the task. ...
Basic principles of attention and decision
... • Do not mistake with the ‘where’ (old) pathway: SC and pulvinar • Parietal cortex represents potential targets to reach with respect to body, and is involved in motor control (see Ramachandran, Balint’s syndrom) • Lateral Intraparietal cortex (LIP): highest-order area in the visual hierarchy of t ...
... • Do not mistake with the ‘where’ (old) pathway: SC and pulvinar • Parietal cortex represents potential targets to reach with respect to body, and is involved in motor control (see Ramachandran, Balint’s syndrom) • Lateral Intraparietal cortex (LIP): highest-order area in the visual hierarchy of t ...
Bill Greenough`s research career
... The knowledge arising from this work also extended beyond their applications to brain and behavioral development. In a series of studies, Greenough demonstrated that many of the synaptic changes that occurred as a consequence of experience manipulations during development also occurred in specific f ...
... The knowledge arising from this work also extended beyond their applications to brain and behavioral development. In a series of studies, Greenough demonstrated that many of the synaptic changes that occurred as a consequence of experience manipulations during development also occurred in specific f ...
Brains, Bodies, and Behavior
... the endocrine system, the chemical regulator of the body that consists of glands that secrete hormones. Although this chapter begins at a very low level of explanation, and although the topic of study may seem at first to be far from the everyday behaviors that we all engage in, a full understanding ...
... the endocrine system, the chemical regulator of the body that consists of glands that secrete hormones. Although this chapter begins at a very low level of explanation, and although the topic of study may seem at first to be far from the everyday behaviors that we all engage in, a full understanding ...
Central Nervous System I. Brain - Function A. Hindbrain 1. Medulla
... communication by adding tonal inflections and emotional content to spoken language. For example, due to this area you can tell if a person is angry or joyful by the tone of the voice. f. Common Integrative Area This area is located bordering on the other association areas. It integrates sensory inf ...
... communication by adding tonal inflections and emotional content to spoken language. For example, due to this area you can tell if a person is angry or joyful by the tone of the voice. f. Common Integrative Area This area is located bordering on the other association areas. It integrates sensory inf ...
Chapter Two: Brain and Behavior
... To illustrate the enhanced surface areas of the cortex, wad up a piece of foil or aluminum-backed cloth to create a convoluted brain surface. If you don’t have these materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news ...
... To illustrate the enhanced surface areas of the cortex, wad up a piece of foil or aluminum-backed cloth to create a convoluted brain surface. If you don’t have these materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... visual processing in IT. These issues are taken up in the present paper. In this study, we have used a simulation-based approach to characterize oscillatory activity and related phenomena in networks consisting of populations of neurons that are responsive to different visual stimuli and that mutual ...
... visual processing in IT. These issues are taken up in the present paper. In this study, we have used a simulation-based approach to characterize oscillatory activity and related phenomena in networks consisting of populations of neurons that are responsive to different visual stimuli and that mutual ...
Brain and Behavior
... To illustrate the enhanced surface areas of the cortex, wad up a piece of foil or aluminum-backed cloth to create a convoluted brain surface. If you don’t have these materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news ...
... To illustrate the enhanced surface areas of the cortex, wad up a piece of foil or aluminum-backed cloth to create a convoluted brain surface. If you don’t have these materials, crumpling a sheet of paper into a small ball will suffice. One-Minute Motivator 2.7: Child without a Brain A national news ...
can - Austin Community College
... Light-near dissociation, refers to a condition where the light reflex is absent or abnormal but the near response is intact. There is no clinical condition in which the light reflex is present and the near response is absent. Amaurotic: blind eye still has consensual response ...
... Light-near dissociation, refers to a condition where the light reflex is absent or abnormal but the near response is intact. There is no clinical condition in which the light reflex is present and the near response is absent. Amaurotic: blind eye still has consensual response ...
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay
... above the WTP because this may lead to a situation in which the subject gets the item but ends up paying a price larger than his WTP (e.g., consider the case WTP ⫽ $1, b ⫽ $3, and n ⫽ $2). The fact that bidding the WTP is the optimal strategy was explained and emphasized extensively during the instr ...
... above the WTP because this may lead to a situation in which the subject gets the item but ends up paying a price larger than his WTP (e.g., consider the case WTP ⫽ $1, b ⫽ $3, and n ⫽ $2). The fact that bidding the WTP is the optimal strategy was explained and emphasized extensively during the instr ...
the requirements of the neuroanatomy exam for dentistry students
... REGIONAL ANATOMY OF HEAD and NECK Students must know: 1. the skin innervation in full details, which branch of which (cranial or other) nerve, the precise course of them including related structures of the skull (till the end of semester the complete route of transmission of sensory information (inc ...
... REGIONAL ANATOMY OF HEAD and NECK Students must know: 1. the skin innervation in full details, which branch of which (cranial or other) nerve, the precise course of them including related structures of the skull (till the end of semester the complete route of transmission of sensory information (inc ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.