Encoding Information in Neuronal Activity
... long in comparison with the average time between spikes. In contrast if the integration time constant is short, the neuron could also act as a coincidence detector [Abeles, 1982, Konig et al., 1996], and therefore be sensitive to the precise arrival time of the spikes for presynaptic neurons. The hy ...
... long in comparison with the average time between spikes. In contrast if the integration time constant is short, the neuron could also act as a coincidence detector [Abeles, 1982, Konig et al., 1996], and therefore be sensitive to the precise arrival time of the spikes for presynaptic neurons. The hy ...
Eagleman Ch 14. Motivation and Reward
... Rewards increase the motivation to engage in a particular behavior. Punishments make it less likely to engage in that particular behavior. Primary rewards directly affect homeostasis. Secondary rewards are associated with primary rewards. ...
... Rewards increase the motivation to engage in a particular behavior. Punishments make it less likely to engage in that particular behavior. Primary rewards directly affect homeostasis. Secondary rewards are associated with primary rewards. ...
choosing the greater of two goods: neural currencies for valuation
... measured across a range of stimulus strengths, animals make both correct and incorrect judgements in response to the presentation of identical stimuli. On these trials, sensory neurons encode the visual stimulus itself, whereas the activity of decision-related neurons reflects the animal’s ultimate ...
... measured across a range of stimulus strengths, animals make both correct and incorrect judgements in response to the presentation of identical stimuli. On these trials, sensory neurons encode the visual stimulus itself, whereas the activity of decision-related neurons reflects the animal’s ultimate ...
Reconstruction of Natural Scenes from Ensemble Responses in the
... Estimation of coverage factor. The coverage factor is defined as the average number of cells whose receptive fields cover a single point in the visual space. Previous studies have shown that the coverage factor for X cells in the cat retina is 7–10 (Peichl and Wässle, 1979). This coverage factor re ...
... Estimation of coverage factor. The coverage factor is defined as the average number of cells whose receptive fields cover a single point in the visual space. Previous studies have shown that the coverage factor for X cells in the cat retina is 7–10 (Peichl and Wässle, 1979). This coverage factor re ...
Chapter 10
... regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the ________, while the trunk the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons the trunk primarily on the _________. ...
... regions of the motor homunculus are involved in activating motor neurons the arms, hands, and legs primarily on the ________, while the trunk the motor homunculus are primarily involved in activating motor neurons the trunk primarily on the _________. ...
BRAIN Response inhibition and serotonin in autism: depletion
... College London, UK 2 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 3 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA 5 Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton and S ...
... College London, UK 2 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland 3 Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK 4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA 5 Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton and S ...
Understanding mirror neurons - LIRA-Lab
... brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is tra ...
... brain system which is responsible for action recognition. The link between object affordances and action understanding is considered. To support our hypothesis we describe two experiments where some aspects of the model have been implemented. In the first experiment an action recognition system is tra ...
Computational approaches to sensorimotor transformations
... Many network models of sensorimotor transformations rely on such basis function representations in their intermediate layer6-9. Biological plausibility of the basis function approach The basis function approach requires that the tuning curves of neurons in intermediate stages of computation provide ...
... Many network models of sensorimotor transformations rely on such basis function representations in their intermediate layer6-9. Biological plausibility of the basis function approach The basis function approach requires that the tuning curves of neurons in intermediate stages of computation provide ...
Cerebellum_seminar
... Cerebellum (Latin, little brain): only 10 % total volume of the brain but more than half of all its neurons. arranged in a highly regular manner as repeating units but with input and outputs from different parts similar computational operations but on different inputs. the cerebellum is provid ...
... Cerebellum (Latin, little brain): only 10 % total volume of the brain but more than half of all its neurons. arranged in a highly regular manner as repeating units but with input and outputs from different parts similar computational operations but on different inputs. the cerebellum is provid ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
... Clinical – Homeostatic Imbalance 12.1 • Muscle strength or ability to perform discrete individual movements is not impaired; only control over movements is lost – Example: damage to premotor area controlling movement of fingers would still allow fingers to move, but voluntary control needed to type ...
The impact of continuity editing in narrative film on event segmentation
... and matches on action results in a stimulus that may not be too different from what the viewer would experience during a saccade. However, in addition to continuity edits, there are edits in which the filmmakers do not attempt to maintain continuity of space, time, or action. These edits occur most ...
... and matches on action results in a stimulus that may not be too different from what the viewer would experience during a saccade. However, in addition to continuity edits, there are edits in which the filmmakers do not attempt to maintain continuity of space, time, or action. These edits occur most ...
Chap3aAlt
... The amount of time during and without the CS is equal. The more fear, the lower the suppression ratio. ...
... The amount of time during and without the CS is equal. The more fear, the lower the suppression ratio. ...
Lec #10_Central Vis - Biology Courses Server
... – Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) – Central visual field overrepresented – Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure due to overlapping receptive fields – Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of ...
... – Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) – Central visual field overrepresented – Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure due to overlapping receptive fields – Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of ...
Development of the Nervous System
... neurons, Schwann cells of the PNS, and nonneuronal derivatives such as melanocytes. Above is a cross section through the neural tube. In the neural tube there is symmetrical cell division. Eventually, there is asymmetrical cell division and differentiation of the daughter cells. The first thing that ...
... neurons, Schwann cells of the PNS, and nonneuronal derivatives such as melanocytes. Above is a cross section through the neural tube. In the neural tube there is symmetrical cell division. Eventually, there is asymmetrical cell division and differentiation of the daughter cells. The first thing that ...
Large-Field Visual Motion Directly Induces an Involuntary Rapid
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
... Recent neuroscience studies have been concerned with how aimed movements are generated on the basis of target localization. However, visual information from the surroundings as well as from the target can influence arm motor control, in a manner similar to known effects in postural and ocular motor ...
chapter1
... Deviation from the mean: statistical description – Spike triggered average – Point process, Poisson process ...
... Deviation from the mean: statistical description – Spike triggered average – Point process, Poisson process ...
Natural signal statistics and sensory gain control
... Fig. 2. Joint statistics of a typical natural image as seen through two linear filters. Top, the linear response of a vertical filter (L2), conditioned on two different values of the response of a diagonal spatially shifted filter (L1). Pairs of responses are gathered over all image positions, and a ...
... Fig. 2. Joint statistics of a typical natural image as seen through two linear filters. Top, the linear response of a vertical filter (L2), conditioned on two different values of the response of a diagonal spatially shifted filter (L1). Pairs of responses are gathered over all image positions, and a ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
... but their respective contributions are not clear; they have largely been studied in separate experiments, rendering comparisons difficult and obscuring timing differences that could give clues to information flow (7). We therefore recorded from multiple electrodes simultaneously implanted in the fro ...
Disrupted small-world networks in schizophrenia
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
... suggested altered small-world properties in schizophrenia based on resting-state fMRI data. However, a key problem with that study is that only two networks (one for each group) were constructed; thus the results were descriptive and no statistical conclusion was able to be drawn. Micheloyannis et a ...
Cerebral Cortex Lect
... Projection Fibers — fibers that leave the cerebral white matter. Projection fibers form the internal capsule. Two categories of projection fibers are: 1] corticofugal: terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord; 2] corticopedal: typically originate in thalamus & terminate in cerebral c ...
... Projection Fibers — fibers that leave the cerebral white matter. Projection fibers form the internal capsule. Two categories of projection fibers are: 1] corticofugal: terminate in the basal nuclei, brainstem, or spinal cord; 2] corticopedal: typically originate in thalamus & terminate in cerebral c ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.