An optical neural interface: in vivo control of rodent
... stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several groups have developed novel optical techniques to control neu ...
... stimulation efficacy without an increased side effect profile. Employing light to activate neurons has emerged as an attractive new concept (for review, see [21–24]). Leveraging advances in chemical biology and molecular genetics, several groups have developed novel optical techniques to control neu ...
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
... cortex. It has been found that the right prefrontal lobe is smaller in children with ADHD. This makes the brain more symmetrical because the right prefrontal lobe is generally larger than the left prefrontal lobe. This correlates with the symptoms of ADHD because the right prefrontal lobe is involve ...
... cortex. It has been found that the right prefrontal lobe is smaller in children with ADHD. This makes the brain more symmetrical because the right prefrontal lobe is generally larger than the left prefrontal lobe. This correlates with the symptoms of ADHD because the right prefrontal lobe is involve ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... sub-cortical level. Rossetti and colleagues describe a subject with a thalamic lesion who was unaware of a stimulus applied to the affected arm but could point to the site of the stimulus using the opposite hand [19]. Similarly, studies on normal subjects showed that stimuli perceived without consci ...
... sub-cortical level. Rossetti and colleagues describe a subject with a thalamic lesion who was unaware of a stimulus applied to the affected arm but could point to the site of the stimulus using the opposite hand [19]. Similarly, studies on normal subjects showed that stimuli perceived without consci ...
Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex and wing
... were made in Wve animals to deWne the organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Recording depths ranged from 50 to 250 m relative to the onset of neuronal activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were located mostly in the supragranular cortical layers II/III, a few ...
... were made in Wve animals to deWne the organization of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Recording depths ranged from 50 to 250 m relative to the onset of neuronal activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were located mostly in the supragranular cortical layers II/III, a few ...
Associative memory properties of multiple cortical modules
... connections between neurons in different modules were large enough so that activity could initially propagate to set up global, consistent attractors, but were also small enough so that if a new cue were presented to the input modules, module C would be capable of remaining in an attractor correspon ...
... connections between neurons in different modules were large enough so that activity could initially propagate to set up global, consistent attractors, but were also small enough so that if a new cue were presented to the input modules, module C would be capable of remaining in an attractor correspon ...
CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING: THE
... of the drive CRs explain many facts which are incomprehensible if this division is not recognized. For instance, the authors using for their experiments consummatory defensive CRs claim that CS-US intervals should extend from a fraction of a second up to a few seconds (2). If they are longer, inhibi ...
... of the drive CRs explain many facts which are incomprehensible if this division is not recognized. For instance, the authors using for their experiments consummatory defensive CRs claim that CS-US intervals should extend from a fraction of a second up to a few seconds (2). If they are longer, inhibi ...
Causal networks as the backbone for temporal data-to-text
... preferences are expressed in terms of how much a given relation prefers to have its arguments appear in the same sentence, in the same paragraph or in another paragraph. The distance between two events or states is computed from the average of the adjacency preferences of the logico-semantic relatio ...
... preferences are expressed in terms of how much a given relation prefers to have its arguments appear in the same sentence, in the same paragraph or in another paragraph. The distance between two events or states is computed from the average of the adjacency preferences of the logico-semantic relatio ...
Nervous System - Austin Community College
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
Hierarchical Processing of Auditory Objects in Humans
... understand the systems-level organisation of the computational mechanisms in the HG, PT, and STS invoked for the analysis of the spectral envelope of sounds. Two broad categories of models, serial and parallel, were specified a priori. The data provide very strong evidence for a serial model in which ...
... understand the systems-level organisation of the computational mechanisms in the HG, PT, and STS invoked for the analysis of the spectral envelope of sounds. Two broad categories of models, serial and parallel, were specified a priori. The data provide very strong evidence for a serial model in which ...
The Neuroscientist
... sound having a high or low pitch, or being loud or quiet. The listener might also be able to identify what or who made the sound or where the sound originated from in space. These features usually do not relate simply to a sound’s frequency content but must instead be computed by the brain by integr ...
... sound having a high or low pitch, or being loud or quiet. The listener might also be able to identify what or who made the sound or where the sound originated from in space. These features usually do not relate simply to a sound’s frequency content but must instead be computed by the brain by integr ...
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) PNS – all neural structures
... Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors ...
... Input comes from exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors ...
On the Role of Biophysical Properties of Cortical Neurons in Binding
... Neuroscience is progressing vigorously, and knowledge at different levels of description is rapidly accumulating. To establish relationships between results found at these different levels is one of the central challenges. In this simulation study, we demonstrate how microscopic cellular properties, ...
... Neuroscience is progressing vigorously, and knowledge at different levels of description is rapidly accumulating. To establish relationships between results found at these different levels is one of the central challenges. In this simulation study, we demonstrate how microscopic cellular properties, ...
Cortical interactions underlying the production of speech sounds
... Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since the model’s components correspond to groups of neurons at specific anatomical locations, it ...
... Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate frame, are based on the results of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical studies of speech production and articulation (see Guenther et al., 2006, for details). Since the model’s components correspond to groups of neurons at specific anatomical locations, it ...
Real-time tomography from magnetoencephalography (MEG
... Labile, task relevant responses in one area are co-occurring with other similar responses, some are also task-relevant while others are not. It is then inevitable that averaging and filtering mix together responses that should have been studied separately. The use of different reconstruction methods ...
... Labile, task relevant responses in one area are co-occurring with other similar responses, some are also task-relevant while others are not. It is then inevitable that averaging and filtering mix together responses that should have been studied separately. The use of different reconstruction methods ...
Inferior Parietal Lobule Function in Spatial Perception and
... or of visual space perception. The spatial deficits propose that this loss of awareness includes not only reported here could result from restricted visual atten- the loss of abstract perception but also the loss of tion, i.e., the inability to attend simultaneously to two internal spatial represent ...
... or of visual space perception. The spatial deficits propose that this loss of awareness includes not only reported here could result from restricted visual atten- the loss of abstract perception but also the loss of tion, i.e., the inability to attend simultaneously to two internal spatial represent ...
the cognitive neuroscience of motivation and learning
... a number of authors to suggest that dopamine subserves aspects of behavior involving performance rather than learning; for instance, motivation (“wanting” or “incentive slience”) or behavioral vigor (Berridge, 2007; Robbins & Everitt, 2007; Salamone, 2007). Though different in their emphasis, these ...
... a number of authors to suggest that dopamine subserves aspects of behavior involving performance rather than learning; for instance, motivation (“wanting” or “incentive slience”) or behavioral vigor (Berridge, 2007; Robbins & Everitt, 2007; Salamone, 2007). Though different in their emphasis, these ...
A model for experience-dependent changes in the responses of inferotemporal neurons
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
... region (also known as the magnocellular nucleus basalis of Meynert) in the basal forebrain (Mesulam et al 1983). Cholinergic antagonists have been shown to increase the average visual response of all recorded IT neurons during a DMS task with delay (Miller and Desimone 1993, Dudkin et al 1994). Fina ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... characterized by altered neural activation patterns during reward processing, but that patterns of brain activation differences in MDD are contingent on the temporal phase of the reward response. For this reason, we used a task that allowed for the dissociation of responses during reward selection, ...
... characterized by altered neural activation patterns during reward processing, but that patterns of brain activation differences in MDD are contingent on the temporal phase of the reward response. For this reason, we used a task that allowed for the dissociation of responses during reward selection, ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.