Auditory and Vestibular Systems Objective • To learn the functional
... a relationship between the frequency of maximal sensitivity of an auditory nerve fiber and its site of origin in the cochlea. Because of both the mechanical properties of the basilar membrane and electrophysiological properties of hair cells, fibers from the base of the cochlea respond selectively t ...
... a relationship between the frequency of maximal sensitivity of an auditory nerve fiber and its site of origin in the cochlea. Because of both the mechanical properties of the basilar membrane and electrophysiological properties of hair cells, fibers from the base of the cochlea respond selectively t ...
Effects of the Listening Context on the Audience`s Perceptions of
... Finally, those inner products were divided by the number of the adjectives (i.e., 11). The centroid (Dimension 1) = 6.48/11 = 0.59 The centroid (Dimension 2) = 5.23/11 = 0.48 Thus, the coordinate of the centroid for P1’s performance of B24 was (0.59, 0.48). We calculated the mean coordinate of the c ...
... Finally, those inner products were divided by the number of the adjectives (i.e., 11). The centroid (Dimension 1) = 6.48/11 = 0.59 The centroid (Dimension 2) = 5.23/11 = 0.48 Thus, the coordinate of the centroid for P1’s performance of B24 was (0.59, 0.48). We calculated the mean coordinate of the c ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... 1994.. Stimulation of the medial or sulcal prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, causes different behavioral side effects than } and has rewarding effects that are different in some ways to the rewarding effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation ŽMcGregor et al., 1992.. Stimulation of such vari ...
... 1994.. Stimulation of the medial or sulcal prefrontal cortex, on the other hand, causes different behavioral side effects than } and has rewarding effects that are different in some ways to the rewarding effects of medial forebrain bundle stimulation ŽMcGregor et al., 1992.. Stimulation of such vari ...
Functional Neuroanatomy for Posture and Gait Control
... motor pattern is generated by spinal locomotor networks that is termed as the central pattern generators (CPG). However, in order to learn motor skills or behave in unfamiliar circumstance, the subject requires cognitive posture-gait control that depends on cognition of self-body information togethe ...
... motor pattern is generated by spinal locomotor networks that is termed as the central pattern generators (CPG). However, in order to learn motor skills or behave in unfamiliar circumstance, the subject requires cognitive posture-gait control that depends on cognition of self-body information togethe ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... Miller et al. 1993; Schachtman et al. 1983). Although these three types of theories emphasize either CS, US or CR behavioral mechanisms, their implications can be considered in light of functional neural data. For example, differences in neural modification of CS pathways by excitor and blocked CSs ...
... Miller et al. 1993; Schachtman et al. 1983). Although these three types of theories emphasize either CS, US or CR behavioral mechanisms, their implications can be considered in light of functional neural data. For example, differences in neural modification of CS pathways by excitor and blocked CSs ...
Choline Signal Changes after Choline
... show significant hyperactive-impulsive behavior) sometimes called ADHD—an outdated term for this entire disorder; and combined type (that displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms). The symptoms appear early in the child's life. As many ordinary children may show these symptoms, a ...
... show significant hyperactive-impulsive behavior) sometimes called ADHD—an outdated term for this entire disorder; and combined type (that displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms). The symptoms appear early in the child's life. As many ordinary children may show these symptoms, a ...
Neuropsychologia, 47, 1621-6
... projector itself. A custom-made start button, fastened to the table, was used to record the initiation of the pointing response and to trigger the closure of liquid-crystal display goggles (PLATO, Translucent Technologies) that were worn by the participants. The PLATO goggles were to control stimulu ...
... projector itself. A custom-made start button, fastened to the table, was used to record the initiation of the pointing response and to trigger the closure of liquid-crystal display goggles (PLATO, Translucent Technologies) that were worn by the participants. The PLATO goggles were to control stimulu ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... found that damage to the posterior parietal lobe affected the ability to shift from a target on the same side as the injury to a target located contralaterally to the injury resulting in hemi-neglect or hemi-attention. Similarly, individuals with damage to the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus had di ...
... found that damage to the posterior parietal lobe affected the ability to shift from a target on the same side as the injury to a target located contralaterally to the injury resulting in hemi-neglect or hemi-attention. Similarly, individuals with damage to the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus had di ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... integrate converging inputs to compute other sensory qualities. Progressive levels of processing can give rise to new representations that are no longer isomorphic with those found at the level of the sensory receptor cells, but which are instead topographically related to other biologically relevan ...
... integrate converging inputs to compute other sensory qualities. Progressive levels of processing can give rise to new representations that are no longer isomorphic with those found at the level of the sensory receptor cells, but which are instead topographically related to other biologically relevan ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... Each subject was studied on two occasions, 1 week apart. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. SPECT images were acquired 90 min after drug ingestion. The Visual Analogue Mood Scale was applied to assess subjective states. In ...
... Each subject was studied on two occasions, 1 week apart. In the first session, subjects were given an oral dose of CBD (400 mg) or placebo, in a double-blind procedure. SPECT images were acquired 90 min after drug ingestion. The Visual Analogue Mood Scale was applied to assess subjective states. In ...
Brain Gate
... Massachusetts man who has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2001, to control a cursor on a screen and to open and close the hand on a prosthetic limb just by thinking about the relevant actions. The movements were his first since he was stabbed five years ago. The attack severed his spinal cor ...
... Massachusetts man who has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2001, to control a cursor on a screen and to open and close the hand on a prosthetic limb just by thinking about the relevant actions. The movements were his first since he was stabbed five years ago. The attack severed his spinal cor ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... However, it remains unclear exactly what brain mechanisms lead to this behavior on the part of dopamine cells. Most researchers agree that the critical learning processes are taking place upstream from the midbrain dopamine neurons themselves. But which areas are doing what? Because it is an abstrac ...
... However, it remains unclear exactly what brain mechanisms lead to this behavior on the part of dopamine cells. Most researchers agree that the critical learning processes are taking place upstream from the midbrain dopamine neurons themselves. But which areas are doing what? Because it is an abstrac ...
Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning
... LTD of parallel fiber synapses with the error signal provided by the climbing fibers. These authors also showed that the modulation of simple spikes by complex spikes is too weak to be useful for real-time motor control. Kitazawa et al. [56] analyzed the information content of complex spikes in arm- ...
... LTD of parallel fiber synapses with the error signal provided by the climbing fibers. These authors also showed that the modulation of simple spikes by complex spikes is too weak to be useful for real-time motor control. Kitazawa et al. [56] analyzed the information content of complex spikes in arm- ...
How the Rotating Snakes optical illusion works ai escoit at a ria pr
... Web zen: illusion zen - Boing Boing boingboing.net/2012/04/27/how-the-rotating-snakes-optica.html ...
... Web zen: illusion zen - Boing Boing boingboing.net/2012/04/27/how-the-rotating-snakes-optica.html ...
Complex Motion Perception and its Deficits
... signals. To create an abstract representation of space the posterior parietal cortex combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodie ...
... signals. To create an abstract representation of space the posterior parietal cortex combines signals from many different modalities, such as vision, audition, somatosensory and vestibular signals. Perhaps our unitary perception of the space around us, independent of the sensory modality, is embodie ...
Sensory Receptors
... Takes many forms (modalities) Physical force (such as pressure) Dissolved chemical ...
... Takes many forms (modalities) Physical force (such as pressure) Dissolved chemical ...
the Central Nervous System
... 3. Consists of tracts carrying information from point A to point B B. Commisures - communication between cerebral hemispheres 1. corpus callosum – connects left and right hemispheres a. “split brain” patients are special C. Association fibers - connect parts of the same hemisphere D. Projection fibe ...
... 3. Consists of tracts carrying information from point A to point B B. Commisures - communication between cerebral hemispheres 1. corpus callosum – connects left and right hemispheres a. “split brain” patients are special C. Association fibers - connect parts of the same hemisphere D. Projection fibe ...
Matching mind to world and vice versa: Functional dissociations
... 2008). Within the domain of intentional mental states, most studies have mainly investigated reasoning about beliefs, and false beliefs in particular (e.g., Saxe & Kanwisher, 2003), whereas other intentional states are only rarely the focus of study (Saxe & Wexler, 2005).1 The present work, therefor ...
... 2008). Within the domain of intentional mental states, most studies have mainly investigated reasoning about beliefs, and false beliefs in particular (e.g., Saxe & Kanwisher, 2003), whereas other intentional states are only rarely the focus of study (Saxe & Wexler, 2005).1 The present work, therefor ...
Visual estimation of travel distance during walking
... smaller than 1, six subjetcs had a gain slightly larger than 1. Individual gain smaller or larger than 1 had also been observed in the previous virtual reality experiments. However, compared to the virtual environment study, the gain in the real walking experiments was on average higher and less var ...
... smaller than 1, six subjetcs had a gain slightly larger than 1. Individual gain smaller or larger than 1 had also been observed in the previous virtual reality experiments. However, compared to the virtual environment study, the gain in the real walking experiments was on average higher and less var ...
The Neural Basis of Addiction: A Pathology of Motivation and Choice
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
... of motivated behavior involves defining the neural substrates that 1) attach sufficient importance (salience) to an integrated stimulus that behavior is “activated” and 2) “direct” this state of activation toward a specific behavioral response. While we have made substantial progress toward identify ...
Relationship of Prefrontal Connections to Inhibitory Systems in Superior Temporal
... (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Optiphot), equipped with an encoded stage and coupled electronically to a PC computer, as described above. In some cases we plotted labeled neurons using a commercial system (Neurolucida, Microbrightfield), coupl ...
... (1 in every 10 sections). We viewed brain sections with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon, Optiphot), equipped with an encoded stage and coupled electronically to a PC computer, as described above. In some cases we plotted labeled neurons using a commercial system (Neurolucida, Microbrightfield), coupl ...
The Organization of the Frontal Motor Cortex
... examined and the functional properties of the areas connected with one another are considered, it emerges that the various frontal motor areas can be grouped into two major classes: 1) areas that transform sensory information into motor commands and 2) areas that are involved in controlling sensory- ...
... examined and the functional properties of the areas connected with one another are considered, it emerges that the various frontal motor areas can be grouped into two major classes: 1) areas that transform sensory information into motor commands and 2) areas that are involved in controlling sensory- ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.