The Nervous System
... Neurotransmitters diffuse from the end of one neuron to receptors on the next neuron. When they land on the specific receptor they allow gates to open that allow sodium to enter - this ignites the electro-chemical impulse to begin in the the next neuron. ...
... Neurotransmitters diffuse from the end of one neuron to receptors on the next neuron. When they land on the specific receptor they allow gates to open that allow sodium to enter - this ignites the electro-chemical impulse to begin in the the next neuron. ...
The Information Processing Mechanism of the Brain
... in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essenti ...
... in essence, the neural network is a unit that performs processing of activity patterns.) There is reason to recap the central properties of a neural network. A neural network can be modelled in a simple physical mechanism, which can be studied in computer simulations. This model captures the essenti ...
primary cortex - u.arizona.edu
... • May be top-down or bottom-up • may be focused by internal cognitive processes (endogenous attention; topdown) or by external events (exogenous attention; bottom-up) ...
... • May be top-down or bottom-up • may be focused by internal cognitive processes (endogenous attention; topdown) or by external events (exogenous attention; bottom-up) ...
... adjustable gains compared to GA. PSO has been successfully applied in many areas such as function optimization, artificial neural network training and fuzzy system control. PSO is also already a new and fast-developing research topic [5]. The BI system is inspired by the biological disposition of an ...
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... 1991). The auditory cortex responds briskly to transients (Heil, 1997a,b). It is likely that the band-pass modulation transfer functions (MTFs) observed resulted because the rise time at low modulation rates was too slow to be detected by auditory cortex neurons (Eggermont, 1998). In this study, the ...
... 1991). The auditory cortex responds briskly to transients (Heil, 1997a,b). It is likely that the band-pass modulation transfer functions (MTFs) observed resulted because the rise time at low modulation rates was too slow to be detected by auditory cortex neurons (Eggermont, 1998). In this study, the ...
Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... processes within ensembles of neurons in cat primary visual cortex. Seven “elementary” stimuli consisting of small squares of light were presented at contiguous horizontal positions. The population representation of these stimuli was compared to the representation of “composite” stimuli, consisting ...
... processes within ensembles of neurons in cat primary visual cortex. Seven “elementary” stimuli consisting of small squares of light were presented at contiguous horizontal positions. The population representation of these stimuli was compared to the representation of “composite” stimuli, consisting ...
Station 1: Sensory Adaptation
... Before reading this, put your pencil or pen behind your ear. When our sensory neurons detect a stimulus, they fire, sending a neural message to the brain for interpretation. However, when the stimulus is unchanging for a continued period of time, our neurons adapt by firing less frequently to the sa ...
... Before reading this, put your pencil or pen behind your ear. When our sensory neurons detect a stimulus, they fire, sending a neural message to the brain for interpretation. However, when the stimulus is unchanging for a continued period of time, our neurons adapt by firing less frequently to the sa ...
Finding a face in the crowd: parallel and serial neural mechanisms
... and parallel selections take place in neurons of the ventral ‘‘object-recognition pathway’’ during visual search tasks in which monkeys freely scan complex displays to find a target object. Furthermore, attentional selection appears to be mediated by changes in the synchrony of responses of neuronal ...
... and parallel selections take place in neurons of the ventral ‘‘object-recognition pathway’’ during visual search tasks in which monkeys freely scan complex displays to find a target object. Furthermore, attentional selection appears to be mediated by changes in the synchrony of responses of neuronal ...
From visual field to V1
... --gating visual information flow, via different modes (oscillations and bursting/tonic firing) ...
... --gating visual information flow, via different modes (oscillations and bursting/tonic firing) ...
journey through the brain
... brain and nervous system. Some neurotransmitters are excitatory and others are inhibitory i.e. some enhance the activity of the Neuron they reach while others dampen its activity. The main excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate and the main inhibitory is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Other examp ...
... brain and nervous system. Some neurotransmitters are excitatory and others are inhibitory i.e. some enhance the activity of the Neuron they reach while others dampen its activity. The main excitatory neurotransmitter is glutamate and the main inhibitory is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Other examp ...
sensation - Warren County Schools
... Create an entertaining and informative SKIT in which your group... ...describes the roles of the cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells, and auditory nerve in the process of AUDITORY TRANSDUCTION. Include a description of the types of deafness. (GROUPS 1a and 1b see pp. 113-115) ...describes how info ...
... Create an entertaining and informative SKIT in which your group... ...describes the roles of the cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells, and auditory nerve in the process of AUDITORY TRANSDUCTION. Include a description of the types of deafness. (GROUPS 1a and 1b see pp. 113-115) ...describes how info ...
Connecting mirror neurons and forward models
... inverse model. When you reach for the piece of apple, the inverse model would transform a sensory representation of the relative positions of apple and arm into motor commands to perform the action (Fig. 1). Forward models map the relationship between motor commands and the resultant change in the s ...
... inverse model. When you reach for the piece of apple, the inverse model would transform a sensory representation of the relative positions of apple and arm into motor commands to perform the action (Fig. 1). Forward models map the relationship between motor commands and the resultant change in the s ...
perceptionlecture5
... Is a set of Reichardt detectors is sensitive to motion in one direction and only in a particular speed? It seems like an inefficient design since a great number of neurons will be required to encode motion in all possible directions and speed, unless each of them can actually encode for a small ran ...
... Is a set of Reichardt detectors is sensitive to motion in one direction and only in a particular speed? It seems like an inefficient design since a great number of neurons will be required to encode motion in all possible directions and speed, unless each of them can actually encode for a small ran ...
brainstem
... – Nuclei & tracts that process and relay info to/from the cerebellum – Ascending, descending, and transverse tracts that interconnect other portions of the CNS ...
... – Nuclei & tracts that process and relay info to/from the cerebellum – Ascending, descending, and transverse tracts that interconnect other portions of the CNS ...
Perception, Action, and Utility: The Tangled Skein
... The computations mandated by decision theory are, in general, intr actable, and many different approximations replace them in practice, with underappreciated consequences for the interdependency of perc eption and action. Work in approximate inference, for instance, considers realizable (e.g., var ...
... The computations mandated by decision theory are, in general, intr actable, and many different approximations replace them in practice, with underappreciated consequences for the interdependency of perc eption and action. Work in approximate inference, for instance, considers realizable (e.g., var ...
0_NeuroOverview
... • These words have lost much of their original meaning, and have become essentially meaningless synonyms • e.g. nonlinear ≠ not linear • Can we recover these words? • Idea: make up a new word to mean “I’m confused but don’t want to say that” • Then hopefully we can take these words back (e.g. nonli ...
... • These words have lost much of their original meaning, and have become essentially meaningless synonyms • e.g. nonlinear ≠ not linear • Can we recover these words? • Idea: make up a new word to mean “I’m confused but don’t want to say that” • Then hopefully we can take these words back (e.g. nonli ...
Insights into schizophrenia using positron emission tomography
... *Both authors contributed equally to this work. ...
... *Both authors contributed equally to this work. ...
19. Visual (2)
... for vision in dim lighting conditions. They are predominate in the peripheral parts but their numbers decrease towards the macula lutea ( the surrounding 1cm to fovea centralis ) , where Cons are more . Cons are responsible for colour vision and due to their arrangement and neuronal connections , th ...
... for vision in dim lighting conditions. They are predominate in the peripheral parts but their numbers decrease towards the macula lutea ( the surrounding 1cm to fovea centralis ) , where Cons are more . Cons are responsible for colour vision and due to their arrangement and neuronal connections , th ...
Chapter 15 Perceptual Development
... Open Interactive Illustration 15.x, Acuity Development and Vision for a simulated experience of infant vision. When the screen comes up, you will see two copies of the same image. Initially, both images are of a face, not the handsomest face but it will have to do. The copy on the left will never be ...
... Open Interactive Illustration 15.x, Acuity Development and Vision for a simulated experience of infant vision. When the screen comes up, you will see two copies of the same image. Initially, both images are of a face, not the handsomest face but it will have to do. The copy on the left will never be ...
2) Classical Conditioning
... Relatively permanent means that it can stay for a certain period of time where we can observe it , measure it and study it … or it could be Permanent ...
... Relatively permanent means that it can stay for a certain period of time where we can observe it , measure it and study it … or it could be Permanent ...
Decoding a Temporal Population Code
... validity of this approximation will be controlled below. Finally, the network is not reset in case of the no-reset method. 2.3 Liquid State and Macroscopic Liquid Properties. The state of the network is formally defined as follows: Let z(t) be a time-dependent vector that represents the active cells ...
... validity of this approximation will be controlled below. Finally, the network is not reset in case of the no-reset method. 2.3 Liquid State and Macroscopic Liquid Properties. The state of the network is formally defined as follows: Let z(t) be a time-dependent vector that represents the active cells ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.