Mirror Neuron System in Monkey: A Computational Modeling
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
... finding led to a behavioral study, which showed that subjects spent more scarce resources (either limited tokens or waiting time) to find out answers when they were more curious. The functional imaging also showed that curiosity increased activity in memory areas when subjects guessed incorrectly, w ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... To better characterize the trial-by-trial actions of the subjects at the end of each block, Figure 2C plots the correction a subject should have adopted as a function of the correction they did adopt for the block labeled “C” in Figure 2B. Perfect corrections would lie along the main diagonal. The r ...
... To better characterize the trial-by-trial actions of the subjects at the end of each block, Figure 2C plots the correction a subject should have adopted as a function of the correction they did adopt for the block labeled “C” in Figure 2B. Perfect corrections would lie along the main diagonal. The r ...
Auditory Pathways and Processes
... The central auditory system begins when the peripheral mechanical process is transformed into electrical impulses and conveyed to the brain via the auditory nerve, a branch of the eighth cranial nerve. From there the signal travels both ipsi- and contralaterally through a series of relay stations un ...
... The central auditory system begins when the peripheral mechanical process is transformed into electrical impulses and conveyed to the brain via the auditory nerve, a branch of the eighth cranial nerve. From there the signal travels both ipsi- and contralaterally through a series of relay stations un ...
Olfaction
... an odorant following exposure to another odorant q Presumed to occur because the two odors share one or more olfactory receptors for their transduction, but the order of odorants also plays a role ...
... an odorant following exposure to another odorant q Presumed to occur because the two odors share one or more olfactory receptors for their transduction, but the order of odorants also plays a role ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... tissue that includes the habenula is transplanted into these rats the normal sleep pattern and atonia are restored15,17. Second, the firing of habenula neurons shows circadian rhythmicity 18, even in slice preparations19. Third, neural activity of the LHb or the MHb increases markedly during drug-in ...
... tissue that includes the habenula is transplanted into these rats the normal sleep pattern and atonia are restored15,17. Second, the firing of habenula neurons shows circadian rhythmicity 18, even in slice preparations19. Third, neural activity of the LHb or the MHb increases markedly during drug-in ...
Timescales of Inference in Visual Adaptation
... nonrectified, the r.m.s. current was fit with the same function. The exponential amplitude A and baseline c did not change significantly as a function of the switching period (not shown). Figure 1E shows the population average time constant as a function of period. The average effective time constan ...
... nonrectified, the r.m.s. current was fit with the same function. The exponential amplitude A and baseline c did not change significantly as a function of the switching period (not shown). Figure 1E shows the population average time constant as a function of period. The average effective time constan ...
Visually induced and spontaneous behavior in the zebrafish
... with stimulus features, behavioral responses or cognitive states relevant for the behavior. Finally, the "causal" role of the identified circuit is demonstrated by showing its necessity and sufficiency for behavior. Suppression of its activity is used to demonstrate its necessity for eliciting the b ...
... with stimulus features, behavioral responses or cognitive states relevant for the behavior. Finally, the "causal" role of the identified circuit is demonstrated by showing its necessity and sufficiency for behavior. Suppression of its activity is used to demonstrate its necessity for eliciting the b ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... The first principle of the CA hypothesis is that each concept is represented by a set of neurons. With population coding, a particular concept is coded by a set of neurons that fire at an elevated rate when the concept is perceived or in STM. An alternative to population coding is that a single cell ...
... The first principle of the CA hypothesis is that each concept is represented by a set of neurons. With population coding, a particular concept is coded by a set of neurons that fire at an elevated rate when the concept is perceived or in STM. An alternative to population coding is that a single cell ...
Birds, primates, and spoken language origins: behavioral
... structurally organized vocalizations, whereas many other vertebrates such as non-human primates and most other bird groups either cannot or do so to a very limited degree. To explain the similarities among humans and vocal-learning birds and the differences with other species, various theories have ...
... structurally organized vocalizations, whereas many other vertebrates such as non-human primates and most other bird groups either cannot or do so to a very limited degree. To explain the similarities among humans and vocal-learning birds and the differences with other species, various theories have ...
The Effect of Slow Electrical Stimuli to Achieve Learning in Cultured
... network level, showing that a change in a simple input-output relationship between two neurons required network wide connectivity changes. It is not completely understood how and why slow electrical stimulation (fstim ,1 Hz) may alter network connectivity. A recent study suggested that low frequency ...
... network level, showing that a change in a simple input-output relationship between two neurons required network wide connectivity changes. It is not completely understood how and why slow electrical stimulation (fstim ,1 Hz) may alter network connectivity. A recent study suggested that low frequency ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... be explored, the ability of flying animals (specifically insects) to sense airflow as a feedback mechanism for flight control has been investigated for over half a century. Research on the morphology and physiology of airflow sensors, and processing of responses by the nervous system provide valuabl ...
... be explored, the ability of flying animals (specifically insects) to sense airflow as a feedback mechanism for flight control has been investigated for over half a century. Research on the morphology and physiology of airflow sensors, and processing of responses by the nervous system provide valuabl ...
Reflecting on the debate
... For instance, Louwerse and Jeuniaux (Chapter 15) say, that some particular words trigger visual/motor imagery or other embodied representations is common in certain circumstances but it is argued that efficiency in language processing simply does not ...
... For instance, Louwerse and Jeuniaux (Chapter 15) say, that some particular words trigger visual/motor imagery or other embodied representations is common in certain circumstances but it is argued that efficiency in language processing simply does not ...
View PDF - Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
... In a recent comparison of IL and PL projections in the rat, we showed that, with a few exceptions, PL and IL distribute differently throughout the brain (Vertes, 2004). These differential patterns of projections are summarized in Fig. 1. As illustrated (Fig. 1), IL distributes significantly to: (1) ...
Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... interactive approach will provide mechanistic ideas ‘how’ the cortical machinery might work. However, in order to decide between different mechanistic hypotheses of cortical function the question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems thi ...
... interactive approach will provide mechanistic ideas ‘how’ the cortical machinery might work. However, in order to decide between different mechanistic hypotheses of cortical function the question of ‘what’ is achieved by cortical processing will become increasingly important. For sensory systems thi ...
Corticomuscular Contributions to the Control of Rhythmic Movement
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
... The inherent simplicity of human locomotion is deceiving in nature and its complexity becomes apparent when we observe children as they learn to walk or patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Human movement requires inputs from supraspinal and spinal centers as well as sensory afferent fee ...
Time Course and Time–Distance Relationships for Surround
... the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is undesirable because later we show that, on average, the strength of suppression is approximately scaled down for far surround stimuli (see Results). We tested both latency methods on PSTHs for simulated Poisson spike tr ...
... the latency estimate will grow as the change in response is scaled down. This is undesirable because later we show that, on average, the strength of suppression is approximately scaled down for far surround stimuli (see Results). We tested both latency methods on PSTHs for simulated Poisson spike tr ...
Seminar Chronic disorders of consciousness
... The vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are disorders of consciousness that can be acute and reversible or chronic and irreversible. Diffuse lesions of the thalami, cortical neurons, or the white-matter tracts that connect them cause the vegetative state, which is wakefulness without a ...
... The vegetative state and the minimally conscious state are disorders of consciousness that can be acute and reversible or chronic and irreversible. Diffuse lesions of the thalami, cortical neurons, or the white-matter tracts that connect them cause the vegetative state, which is wakefulness without a ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
... method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and t ...
... (execution or withholding of movement) and predicting the type of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and t ...
The Big Picture File
... ganglia and at synapses between autonomic nerves and targets SS also uses norepinephrine and epinephrine (noradrenalin and adrenalin) operates at four major receptor types, collectively called adrenoreceptors http://pharmacology-notes-free.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/neurotransmitters-associated-with.htm ...
... ganglia and at synapses between autonomic nerves and targets SS also uses norepinephrine and epinephrine (noradrenalin and adrenalin) operates at four major receptor types, collectively called adrenoreceptors http://pharmacology-notes-free.blogspot.co.uk/2012/01/neurotransmitters-associated-with.htm ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.