- Wiley Online Library
... cascading impacts have often not been predicted and have resulted in overall negative outcomes for biodiversity, despite the original intentions of management interventions (Bergstrom et al. 2009; Ruscoe et al. 2011). As such, it is essential that integrated, multi-species approaches are used for ma ...
... cascading impacts have often not been predicted and have resulted in overall negative outcomes for biodiversity, despite the original intentions of management interventions (Bergstrom et al. 2009; Ruscoe et al. 2011). As such, it is essential that integrated, multi-species approaches are used for ma ...
Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Conservation
... of human settlement, compared with more natural rural areas. The remaining 20 studies reported either an increase or no change in diversity with increasing human settlement. The 51 studies covered a wide range of geographic and natural settings, so it is difficult to identify which variables determi ...
... of human settlement, compared with more natural rural areas. The remaining 20 studies reported either an increase or no change in diversity with increasing human settlement. The 51 studies covered a wide range of geographic and natural settings, so it is difficult to identify which variables determi ...
Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence
... and silent prisoner changes from stable, periodical to chaotic, depending on the gain value of defect prisoners when meeting silent ones. Koella (2000) found if the model parameters such as amount of cooperation, ...
... and silent prisoner changes from stable, periodical to chaotic, depending on the gain value of defect prisoners when meeting silent ones. Koella (2000) found if the model parameters such as amount of cooperation, ...
Carrying capacity
... capacity could support a positive natural increase, or could require a negative natural increase. Thus, the carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment. Below carrying capacity, populations t ...
... capacity could support a positive natural increase, or could require a negative natural increase. Thus, the carrying capacity is the number of individuals an environment can support without significant negative impacts to the given organism and its environment. Below carrying capacity, populations t ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic
... spatial scales, the environment filters out species lacking the physiological tolerances that permit persistence, given the climate or local environmental conditions. The environment can include both abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, light availability, pH) or biotic factors (symbionts, p ...
... spatial scales, the environment filters out species lacking the physiological tolerances that permit persistence, given the climate or local environmental conditions. The environment can include both abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, light availability, pH) or biotic factors (symbionts, p ...
Gillman and Wright 2006 - Reed F. Noss Lab at the University of
... Abstract. Despite much scrutiny the relationship between productivity and species richness remains controversial, and there is little agreement about causal processes. We present the results of a survey of 159 productivity–plant species richness (P–PSR) relationships from 131 published studies. We c ...
... Abstract. Despite much scrutiny the relationship between productivity and species richness remains controversial, and there is little agreement about causal processes. We present the results of a survey of 159 productivity–plant species richness (P–PSR) relationships from 131 published studies. We c ...
Сборник 4‐й Всероссийской интернет‐конференции «Грани науки
... Grasshoppers keep ecological balance and play important role in changing of elements in nature. For example, there is invaluable position relating food chain and changing biomass of plants .Grasshoppers is inseparable element in forming natural ecological circumstances of biocenosis with it. It is k ...
... Grasshoppers keep ecological balance and play important role in changing of elements in nature. For example, there is invaluable position relating food chain and changing biomass of plants .Grasshoppers is inseparable element in forming natural ecological circumstances of biocenosis with it. It is k ...
Immigration and the Maintenance of Local Species Diversity
... the local-scale models of interspecific competition, regional processes are not taken into account. Here we present a very simple theoretical model to investigate the influence of immigration from a regional pool (regional process) on a plant community governed by competition for space (local proces ...
... the local-scale models of interspecific competition, regional processes are not taken into account. Here we present a very simple theoretical model to investigate the influence of immigration from a regional pool (regional process) on a plant community governed by competition for space (local proces ...
Full-Text PDF
... metapopulation. It is in essence a “population of populations” [12], in the same way that a population in the usual sense is an aggregation of individual organisms of a single species in one location. Because the different populations within the larger aggregation of populations are geographically d ...
... metapopulation. It is in essence a “population of populations” [12], in the same way that a population in the usual sense is an aggregation of individual organisms of a single species in one location. Because the different populations within the larger aggregation of populations are geographically d ...
The merging of community ecology and phylogenetic biology
... spatial scales, the environment filters out species lacking the physiological tolerances that permit persistence, given the climate or local environmental conditions. The environment can include both abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, light availability, pH) or biotic factors (symbionts, p ...
... spatial scales, the environment filters out species lacking the physiological tolerances that permit persistence, given the climate or local environmental conditions. The environment can include both abiotic factors (temperature, soil moisture, light availability, pH) or biotic factors (symbionts, p ...
Animal Behavior as a Tool in Conservation Biology
... facilitated foraging, translocation success, and canalized behavior that is maladaptive (Reed 1999). In addition, understanding behavior can be critical to solving problems such as reserve design. As an example, one of the current controversies in conservation biology is ...
... facilitated foraging, translocation success, and canalized behavior that is maladaptive (Reed 1999). In addition, understanding behavior can be critical to solving problems such as reserve design. As an example, one of the current controversies in conservation biology is ...
Succession - WordPress.com
... 1. The first species to colonize an area in primary succession are pioneer species. 2. The final community in succession that is a stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species is called a climax community. Characteristics of secondary succession: 1. Secondary succession beg ...
... 1. The first species to colonize an area in primary succession are pioneer species. 2. The final community in succession that is a stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species is called a climax community. Characteristics of secondary succession: 1. Secondary succession beg ...
Priority effects: natives, but not exotics, pay to arrive late
... or exotic) and functional groups (C3 graminoid, C4 graminoid, forb, N-fixer). This was a balanced design, with equal numbers of dominant and subdominant/exotic and native species. ANOVAs were run based on type III sums of squares using the car package in R (Fox & Weisberg 2011). None of the interacti ...
... or exotic) and functional groups (C3 graminoid, C4 graminoid, forb, N-fixer). This was a balanced design, with equal numbers of dominant and subdominant/exotic and native species. ANOVAs were run based on type III sums of squares using the car package in R (Fox & Weisberg 2011). None of the interacti ...
JVS 2391 Cavieres
... 1997; Brooker & Callaghan 1998) have proposed that positive effects between species are more likely to be seen in disturbed or stressful environments. The reasoning was that harsh environments may restrict plants from acquiring resources, and any amelioration of these conditions will favour growth t ...
... 1997; Brooker & Callaghan 1998) have proposed that positive effects between species are more likely to be seen in disturbed or stressful environments. The reasoning was that harsh environments may restrict plants from acquiring resources, and any amelioration of these conditions will favour growth t ...
Ecological Light Pollution - The Urban Wildlands Group
... and reported illumination in lux adjusted for the spectral The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astrono ...
... and reported illumination in lux adjusted for the spectral The extent of ecological light pollution is global sensitivity of the species. (Elvidge et al. 1997; Figure 2). The first atlas of artificial Ecologists are faced with a practical difficulty when night sky brightness illustrates that astrono ...
Ecological Significance of Within- Species Leaf Trait Variability: A
... There is growing recognition of the need to incorporate within-species trait variability into trait-based studies to improve understanding of community assembly and how plant communities drive ecosystem processes. Given that many plant species can occupy a wide range of environmental conditions, stu ...
... There is growing recognition of the need to incorporate within-species trait variability into trait-based studies to improve understanding of community assembly and how plant communities drive ecosystem processes. Given that many plant species can occupy a wide range of environmental conditions, stu ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Re-assessing assumptions and conditions for latitudinal gradients in herbivory and defence In trying to formulate evidence for and against the LHDH, we need to revisit the assumptions and necessary conditions underlying the predicted latitudinal gradient in defensive plant traits. Classically, Coley ...
... Re-assessing assumptions and conditions for latitudinal gradients in herbivory and defence In trying to formulate evidence for and against the LHDH, we need to revisit the assumptions and necessary conditions underlying the predicted latitudinal gradient in defensive plant traits. Classically, Coley ...
rainforest restoration - Ministry of Environment and Forests
... For reversing the loss, degradation, or denudation of forest ecosystems several approaches have been used all of which of are often wrongly called restoration or eco-restoration. It is important to distinguish among these: Reforestation (or afforestation): This approach, although used widely, is typ ...
... For reversing the loss, degradation, or denudation of forest ecosystems several approaches have been used all of which of are often wrongly called restoration or eco-restoration. It is important to distinguish among these: Reforestation (or afforestation): This approach, although used widely, is typ ...
Evolution in metacommunities - Philosophical Transactions of the
... changes in genetic differentiation and species composition will change the nature and response to multi-level selection. These three factors are tied together by a fourth factor, and that is how communities are founded. To introduce this it is convenient first to consider singlespecies groups. Wade ...
... changes in genetic differentiation and species composition will change the nature and response to multi-level selection. These three factors are tied together by a fourth factor, and that is how communities are founded. To introduce this it is convenient first to consider singlespecies groups. Wade ...
Ecological Observations of Some Common Antipatharian Corals in
... indicated that there were no dominant species. At Bajau, both the number of specimens and the species richness were very low and decreased with depth. This was due to the presence of a vertical cliff from the surface to 10 m in depth where colonies were abundant. The cliff ended on a slope completel ...
... indicated that there were no dominant species. At Bajau, both the number of specimens and the species richness were very low and decreased with depth. This was due to the presence of a vertical cliff from the surface to 10 m in depth where colonies were abundant. The cliff ended on a slope completel ...
national 4 and national 5 biology homework
... UNIT 2: BIOTIC INTERACTIONS HOMEWORK 1 1. (a) Explain what biotic factors are (b) Give at least two examples of biotic factors 2. (a) State the definition of the term niche (b) Describe the niche of an organism you have looked at in class 3. Copy and complete: A food web with a than one with ...
... UNIT 2: BIOTIC INTERACTIONS HOMEWORK 1 1. (a) Explain what biotic factors are (b) Give at least two examples of biotic factors 2. (a) State the definition of the term niche (b) Describe the niche of an organism you have looked at in class 3. Copy and complete: A food web with a than one with ...
Floral Evolution - Harvard University Center for the Environment
... increase may have been dramatically higher [13]. The methods available for ancestral character state reconstruction, however, do not allow us to determine whether size increase along this lineage was gradual or occurred in one or more rapid bursts. Now, Barkman et al. [14], in a recent issue of Curr ...
... increase may have been dramatically higher [13]. The methods available for ancestral character state reconstruction, however, do not allow us to determine whether size increase along this lineage was gradual or occurred in one or more rapid bursts. Now, Barkman et al. [14], in a recent issue of Curr ...
Evolutionary Arguments on Aging, Disease, and Other Topics
... - In determinism, the effect follows the cause, the present is conditioned by the past. In finalism (wrongly understood; Author's note), on the other hand, a phenomenon would be fulfilled with a view to an end, the cause follows the effect, the present would be conditioned by the future; yet, we mus ...
... - In determinism, the effect follows the cause, the present is conditioned by the past. In finalism (wrongly understood; Author's note), on the other hand, a phenomenon would be fulfilled with a view to an end, the cause follows the effect, the present would be conditioned by the future; yet, we mus ...
Restoration of degraded hill land in South China
... correlation between plant community and the environment, and the angle between two lines represents their relativity. Figure 8 shows that soil bulk density, soil moisture, N, pH were the most important factors in vegetation restoration. The soil of our sites was laterite, acidic, with the pH ranging ...
... correlation between plant community and the environment, and the angle between two lines represents their relativity. Figure 8 shows that soil bulk density, soil moisture, N, pH were the most important factors in vegetation restoration. The soil of our sites was laterite, acidic, with the pH ranging ...
Stochastic species distributions are driven by organism size
... two drainage basins in 2009. We acknowledge that between-year variation in environmental conditions may increase the residual variation in the data that could not be controlled, likely resulting in lower model performance due to interannual variation. However, sampling of 100 lakes during a single s ...
... two drainage basins in 2009. We acknowledge that between-year variation in environmental conditions may increase the residual variation in the data that could not be controlled, likely resulting in lower model performance due to interannual variation. However, sampling of 100 lakes during a single s ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.