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High Resolution Spectroscopy of Stars with Planets
High Resolution Spectroscopy of Stars with Planets

... • Fischer and Valenti (2005) II – Suggest the relation between maximum of total planet mass and metallicity • Total planet mass is related with protoplanetary disk mass ⇒ upper limit of total planet mass is increasing with increasing [Fe/H] ...
the earth
the earth

... You will be dealing with the composition and structure of the earth’s atmosphere in Chapter 8. There are three stages in the evolution of the present atmosphere. The first stage is marked by the loss of primordial atmosphere. In the second stage, the hot interior of the earth contributed to the evol ...
Formation and Detectability of Terrestrial Planets around
Formation and Detectability of Terrestrial Planets around

... the threshold of detection. A good representation of the Doppler velocity state-of-the-art is presented by the triple planet system orbiting HD 69830. This system has been shown to contain three Neptune-mass planets, including one on a 197-day orbit, all revealed after only 74 radial velocity observ ...
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1. How can we detect extra-solar planets?

... Spectral Type ...
Star Formation 1 - Center for Astrostatistics
Star Formation 1 - Center for Astrostatistics

The Young Stars
The Young Stars

... samples and spatial distributions. Finally, we find that both accretion and outflow have not been entirely eradicated but are still ongoing in a moderate form. This activity thus presents itself in manifestations explorable with our optical telescopes. As planet-forming environments, the classical T ...
Last time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into
Last time: looked at proton-proton chain to convert Hydrogen into

... Young stars which are still accreting material are called T-Tauri Stars. Because mass is piling on, they sometimes have explosive outbursts. ...
What Makes a Planet Habitable?
What Makes a Planet Habitable?

... These questions relate to at least two major challenges. We need to understand our biochemical origins in the distant past of the Earth, and in a larger context, we need to identify the main conditions required to form life on a planet in the first place. While there is hope to eventually answer the ...
Our Sun, Sol - Hobbs High School
Our Sun, Sol - Hobbs High School

... is a highly magnetized, spinning neutron star with jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above its magnetic poles. • These jets produce very powerful beams of light. • The precise periods of pulsars make them useful tools to astronomers. ...
Analysis of Two Pulsating X-ray Sources
Analysis of Two Pulsating X-ray Sources

Our Galaxy, The Milky Way
Our Galaxy, The Milky Way

The Death of Stars
The Death of Stars

... • Because all the Type Ia supernovae ignite at a similar mass (1.4Msun), they have similar luminosities: they are standard candles! • They are really bright 5 billion times brighter than our Sun: so we see them at huge distances. • By comparing the apparent brightness with the intrinsic luminosity w ...
Heyvaerts
Heyvaerts

... md = mu + me = ms • If quark masses = 0 solution is strange matter no leptons and md = mu = ms In this case Fermi momenta equal, density equal and strange matter neutral without leptons. • Speculation that such matter, once formed, is more stable than ordinary nucleonic matter, even at low pressure ...
Extrasolar Planets - Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts
Extrasolar Planets - Astrophysikalisches Institut und Universitäts

Stars - Madison County Schools
Stars - Madison County Schools

... • Matter in the gas cloud will begin to condense into a dense region called a protostar • The protostar continues to condense, it heats up. Eventually, it reaches a critical mass and nuclear fusion begins. • Begins the main sequence phase of the star • Most of its life is in this phase ...
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ReviewQuestionsForClass

... Pretty basic – look at the PowerPoint Stars part 1: brightness and distance Be able to do the things on the astro sheet plus parallax Determine the distance to a Cepheid variable star. Spectroscopic parallax Regular parallax. ...
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... b. The helium in their cores has all been used up, which means they’ve started buring hydrogen for the first time. c. They have been ejected from the cluster by gravitational encounters with other stars. d. They’ve run out of hydrogen to burn in their cores, and have evolved into red giants. ...
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`A ship flying in space:` Earth seen through the eyes of an astronaut

... A NASA team has found a small planet best positioned to have liquid water but has yet to determine whether it is solid. The most Earth-like planet ever discovered is circling a star 600 light years away, a key finding in an ongoing quest to learn if life exists beyond Earth, scientists have said. T ...
Supernovae - Michigan State University
Supernovae - Michigan State University

... If a stellar core grows beyond its Chandrasekhar mass limit, it will collapse. Typically this will result in a Supernova explosion  at least the outer part of a star is blown off into space ...
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Extrasolar planets Topics to be covered Planets and brown dwarfs

... • Overall, ~5% of solar-like stars have radial velocity–detected Jupiters • But if we take metallicity into account: – >20% of stars with 3x the metal content of the Sun have planets – only ~3% of stars with 1/3rd of the Sun’s metallicity have planets ...
ph709-11
ph709-11

... Currently the most important class of exoplanets are those that transit the disk of their parent stars, allowing for a determination of planetary radii. The first confirmed transiting planets observed were all more massive than Saturn, have orbital periods of only a few days, and orbit stars bright ...
White Dwarfs
White Dwarfs

Proposal submitted to ISSI
Proposal submitted to ISSI

The Astrophysical Origins of the Short
The Astrophysical Origins of the Short

... Contaminates Sun’s molecular cloud [wind possibly triggers collapse of cloud core] (Wasserburg et al. 1994) Nearby (Type II) Supernova ...
The Milky Way - TCNJ | The College of New Jersey
The Milky Way - TCNJ | The College of New Jersey

... So Can Stochastic Star Formation • Random birth of Massive Stars • Their SN explosions compress nearby clouds & make new stars • Differential rotation of galaxy yields spiral appearance by streching the stars out • This best explains "rattier", broken-up spirals (like the Milky Way, though some Den ...
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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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