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Module G - U1_ L3 - Life Cycle of Stars
Module G - U1_ L3 - Life Cycle of Stars

... • Giant stars shine brightly because of their large surface areas. • Giants are at least 10 times the size of the sun. • Low-mass stars, which contain about as much mass as the sun, will become red giants. • Over time, a giant’s outer gases drift away, and the remaining core collapses, becoming dens ...
Primordial Planet Formation - University of California San Diego
Primordial Planet Formation - University of California San Diego

New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other
New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other

... instruments, on the ground and in space, will discover still smaller planets. These worlds will also be on close orbits, many will be much hotter than Earth, and some may have very different compositions. All will help us understand how planets form and the propensity for that process to yield plane ...
Sections F and G
Sections F and G

... The luminosity emitted by the accretion disc has its origin in the potential energy lost by the gas as it falls into the potential well of the white dwarf. X-ray Sources Most stars, such as the Sun, are only weak X-ray sources. But there are several hundred strong Xray emitting sources in the Galaxy ...
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars

... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
Earth Science Library wk 2 (WP)
Earth Science Library wk 2 (WP)

... into it maintaining that Copernicus did not mean to suggest that the Earth actually moved, but rather that the model was a convenient mathematical tool for determining planetary positions. ...
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars
Universe 8e Lecture Chapter 17 Nature of Stars

... theory of stellar evolution describes how stars form and change during that life span. Mass Loss by Protostars: In the final stages of pre– main-sequence contraction, when thermonuclear reactions are about to begin in its core, a protostar may eject large amounts of gas into space. Low-mass stars th ...
Slide 1 - Personal.psu.edu
Slide 1 - Personal.psu.edu

Habitability of planets on eccentric orbits: limits of the mean flux
Habitability of planets on eccentric orbits: limits of the mean flux

The formation of the solar system
The formation of the solar system

Microlensing
Microlensing

... • Triple lens, with finite source effects, parallaxe, & taking into account rotation of planets • Ultimate nightmare for normal microlensing planet hunters. • Two other multiple systems « in stock », modeling underway. • One has been giving headaches to Bennett since late 2004. • The other one is mu ...
Today`s Powerpoint
Today`s Powerpoint

... Usually neutron stars are pulsars for 107 years after supernova. ...
Two new transiting extra-solar planets discovered with SuperWASP
Two new transiting extra-solar planets discovered with SuperWASP

... More than 200 planets are known today to orbit stars other than the Sun. Among these exoplanets, the search for and study of planets which transit their host stars lies at the forefront of exoplanetology. They associate two complementary detection methods. The first involves the drop in a star’s lum ...
How do the most massive galaxies constrain theories of
How do the most massive galaxies constrain theories of

planets suitable for life
planets suitable for life

... Iron was actually consumed by bacteria flourished near thermal vents. Bacteria drifted away in vast colonies into shallow water where they died, depositing organic-rich material. After a while the organic material would have been recycled, leaving iron behind in highly in-soluable oxide form. ...
The First Thousand Exoplanets
The First Thousand Exoplanets

... 1989), but uncertainty in its inferred properties mean that it might be a brown dwarf rather than a planet. Pulsar timing provides an unusual window onto exoplanets. Pulsars are the collapsed, rapidly-spinning remnants of massive stars, and their rotation is so irregular that anomalies can be measur ...
Fifth - Department of Physics and Astronomy
Fifth - Department of Physics and Astronomy

... The Chandrasekhar limit for WDs • As you increase the mass of a WD the radius decreases, the density increases and eventually the electrons speeds approach the speed of light, i.e., they become relativistic. • By equating the core pressure for a star in hydrostatic equilibrium, to the pressure for ...
Gravitational redshifts
Gravitational redshifts

Nuclear fusion in stars
Nuclear fusion in stars

... • If R increases by a factor of 4, r does the same by factor of 8. This means that a collapsing cloud can fragment ! into smaller collapsing clouds. • This process ends with star formation or when rotational speed becomes too high (conservation of angular momentum) • Hierarchical collapse can produc ...
Study Guide #3 Answer Key
Study Guide #3 Answer Key

... believed to be, on average, about 1,000 ly (9.5×1015 km) thick.[7] It is estimated to contain at least 200 billion stars[8] and possibly up to 400 billion stars,[9] the exact figure depending on the number of very low-mass stars, which is highly uncertain. Extending beyond the stellar disk is a much ...
Test - Scioly.org
Test - Scioly.org

... any unstapled tests – otherwise, we will have such a headache reorganizing the tests for grading.) I or another proctor will be going around to collect the tests. If I see anyone attempting to answer questions beyond the time limit, see number 1. 3. Every answer must have units at all times, and the ...
What happens close to a black hole?
What happens close to a black hole?

... Disks, Jets and outflows Across Mass scales The difficulties The Astrosat project Conclusions ...
slides - quantware mips center
slides - quantware mips center

... Brown dwarfs are objects intermediate between planets and stars (0.013 MSun < M < 0.075 MSun): they are not massive enough to maintain the reaction of fusion of ordinary hydrogen, but may maintain the reaction of fusion of deuterium; the temperature at the center of a body is lower than 6·106 K (M < ...
Debris Belts around Vega - Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Debris Belts around Vega - Astronomical Society of the Pacific

A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a
A sound nebula: the origin of the Solar System in the field of a

< 1 ... 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 ... 158 >

Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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