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Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan
Astronomy Today 7th Edition Chaisson/McMillan

... • Nebular theory of solar system formation: cloud of gas and dust gradually collapsed under its own gravity, spinning faster as it shrank • Condensation theory says dust grains acted as condensation nuclei, beginning formation of larger objects © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 6
Chapter 6

... Summary of Chapter 6 • Solar system consists of Sun and everything orbiting it • Asteroids are rocky, and most orbit between orbits of Mars and Jupiter • Comets are icy and are believed to have formed early in the solar system’s life • Major planets orbit Sun in same sense, and all but Venus rotate ...
Physics of Star Formation: Milky Way and Beyond
Physics of Star Formation: Milky Way and Beyond

... this structure affect their production of stars? This paper presents new models of axisymmetric star-forming filaments having no cores, one low-mass core, and one cluster-forming core. The models resemble observed clouds in their column density maps and radial profiles, and their N-pdf distributions ...
Midterm 1 Completion What is the official name of the special star
Midterm 1 Completion What is the official name of the special star

... 1) Planets orbit around the Sun in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse. 2) The line joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. Because of this when a planet is closer to the Sun in its orbit, it moves faster than when the planet is farther away from the Sun. ...
STUDY OF EXTRA SOLAR EXOPLANET SYSTEMS BY METHOD
STUDY OF EXTRA SOLAR EXOPLANET SYSTEMS BY METHOD

... But eventually more planets of other sorts were found, and it is now clear that hot Jupiter’s are a minority of exoplanets. In 1999, Upsilon Andromeda became the first main-sequence star known to have multiple planets. Others were found subsequently. As of 28 March 2015, a total of 1906 confirmed ex ...
Untitled
Untitled

... primarily carbon dioxide, but the Earth's is much less than 1% carbon dioxide? A. Earth's rocks had much less carbon and oxygen in them. B. Venus and Mars, being smaller than Earth, can't retain the same mixture of gases as Earth. C. Each planet has a significantly different surface temperature. D. ...
Characteristics of Stars
Characteristics of Stars

... 20.A small mass star such as a red dwarf has a very long lifespan, about __ 100billion years because it uses its fuel up very slowly. 21. When a red dwarf runs out of fuel it becomes a while dwarf and then a black _dwarf _ 22. An intermediate mass star, like the Sun lives for about_10 billion_ years ...
Montgomery, Formation of the Extrasolar System(s)
Montgomery, Formation of the Extrasolar System(s)

Exoplanets Properties of the host stars Characterization of the
Exoplanets Properties of the host stars Characterization of the

... Galaxy, local stars of different metallicities may have originated at different Galactocentric distances, Ri •  Dashed lines: lines of constant Galactocentric distance for their derived age-metallicity relation ...
Physics@Brock - Brock University
Physics@Brock - Brock University

... than 3 solar mass and is an intense X-ray source. (d) gravitational waves produced by the black hole. 43. According to the Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, the stronger is the force of gravity on a clock, the slower is the clock rate. (a) True. (b) False. 44. As a source of light approaches ...
Last time: Star Clusters (sec. 19.6)
Last time: Star Clusters (sec. 19.6)

... than sun; see More Precisely 20-1). Stable, lasts most of star’s lifetime. (Will explain why this is so stable in lecture.) [You already know how lifetime varies with mass.] Depletion of H in core [see Fig. 20.2]. Starting in center (hottest), and moving out, the He (the “ashes”) accumulates in core ...
Diapositiva 1
Diapositiva 1

... enormous but extremely faint halo of gaseous material, over three lightyears across, which surrounds the brighter, familiar planetary nebula. Made with data from the Nordic Optical Telescope in the Canary Islands, the composite picture shows extended emission from the nebula. Planetary nebulae have ...
GALAXIES 626
GALAXIES 626

... Comments on the Salpeter IMF What is the origin of the IMF? Most important unsolved problem in star formation. Many theories but no consensus. Observationally, known that dense cores in molecular clouds have a power-law mass function rather similar to the IMF. So the IMF may be determined in part b ...
Folie 1
Folie 1

... How to answer some of these? Monitor the brightness of many YSOs over a long period of time. ...
Non axisymmetric instabilities during stellar core
Non axisymmetric instabilities during stellar core

... June 2010 ...
The Great Nebula in Orion
The Great Nebula in Orion

... Astronomers have little information about the wider context in which the young Solar System developed. Nevertheless, under the reasonable assumption that the Orion Nebula is a typical star-forming region, it presents astronomers with a valuable laboratory for observing star and planetary system for ...
Astronomy Library wk 4 .cwk (WP)
Astronomy Library wk 4 .cwk (WP)

... As far as the motion of the planets is concerned, Tycho’s system is equivalent to Copernicus’. Tycho’s model soon replaced Ptolemy’s as the most ...
Document
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Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... Previous chapters have used the basic principles of physics as a way to deduce things about stars and the interstellar medium. All of the data we have amassed will now help us understand the life stories of the stars in this chapter and those that follow. In this chapter, we use the laws of physics ...
Here
Here

... steadily. The enhanced pressure decelerates material drifting inward, which settles gently onto the hydrostatic structure. The settling gas can still radiate rather freely in the infrared, at least before it is smothered by successive layers of incoming matter. This energy loss from the outer skin t ...
Circumstellar Disks: IRAS to ALMA (by way of HST) Dr. Karl Stapelfeldt
Circumstellar Disks: IRAS to ALMA (by way of HST) Dr. Karl Stapelfeldt

... nearby molecular clouds (for stars > 1 Lsun) IRAS data allowed astronomers to classify young stellar objects according to IR spectral energy distribution Molecular gas discovered in Class 0, I, and II disks in the 1990s, confirming they could be hosting planet formation ...
PDF format
PDF format

... Why do protostars rotate rather fast and end up surrounded by disks of material? ...
L10 - QUB Astrophysics Research Centre
L10 - QUB Astrophysics Research Centre

... high density observed within the observed shells in stellar ejecta, and relative paucity of very bright stars on the AGB. The latter (Prialnik P. 161) comes from the number of AGB stars expected compared to observed is >10. Hence a process prevents them completing their movement up the AGB, while lo ...
A Planetary Overview - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page
A Planetary Overview - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page

... features in the solar system It does not account for everything, however It probably took about a few tens of million of years, about 1% of the current age of the solar system The solar system was probably not completely predestined from the collapse of the solar nebula, though the initial were orde ...
MSci Astrophysics 210PHY412 - Queen's University Belfast
MSci Astrophysics 210PHY412 - Queen's University Belfast

< 1 ... 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 ... 158 >

Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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