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NSDL_WS_1_Astonomy
NSDL_WS_1_Astonomy

... evolves and eventually dies is its initial mass. ...
PH607lec08
PH607lec08

... A large fraction of disk galaxies have bars: narrow linear structures crossing the face of the galaxy. In barred S0 galaxies the bar is often the only structure visible in the disk. In types SBa and later the bar often connects to a spiral pattern extending to larger radii (e.g. NGC 1300). Viewed fa ...
Unit 1 test review and answer key 16
Unit 1 test review and answer key 16

Analysis of Angular Momentum in Planetary Systems and Host Stars
Analysis of Angular Momentum in Planetary Systems and Host Stars

A cold detached dust envelope around an oxygen-rich Mira
A cold detached dust envelope around an oxygen-rich Mira

... boundary is required for the circumstellar dust envelope in this case (Hashimoto 1994, 1995). (4) Or, some circumstellar mechanisms other than dust grains may produce the infrared excess. For example, strong line emission from circumstellar molecules such as H2 O may cause the reddening. In any case ...
Chemical Evolution of Galactic Systems
Chemical Evolution of Galactic Systems

Unraveling the Helix Nebula: Its Structure and Knots
Unraveling the Helix Nebula: Its Structure and Knots

... 213 parsecs, which is based on the trigonometric parallax of the central star (Harris et al. 1997). This yields a scale of 1′′ = 3.19 x 1015 cm and the 5.45′ semimajor axis of the nebula (O2002) is then 0.33 pc. It is necessary to comment on the nomenclature used in this paper since different and so ...
Constraining the star formation histories of spiral bulges
Constraining the star formation histories of spiral bulges

... processes have been proposed to produce this pre-enrichment. One possibility is an initial mass function (IMF) biased towards highmass stars in the early stages of galaxy formation. In this scenario the first few generations of stars generate large quantities of metals (Gibson & Matteucci 1997; Vazd ...
The formation of disc galaxies in high-resolution moving
The formation of disc galaxies in high-resolution moving

... particles whereas the rest of the simulation volume is filled with progressively higher mass particles whose mass grows with distance from the target galaxy. This saves computational time while still ensuring the correct cosmological tidal field and mass infall rate for the forming target galaxy. Th ...
Document
Document

SUB-KILOPARSEC IMAGING OF COOL MOLECULAR GAS IN
SUB-KILOPARSEC IMAGING OF COOL MOLECULAR GAS IN

... Extensive effort has gone towards studying gas and dust both in the local universe and at high redshift in order to understand the physics and history of star formation. One of the most studied correlations is the powerlaw relationship between the gas surface density, Σgas , and the SFR surface dens ...
Introduction
Introduction

... formation. I demonstrate that feedback from active nuclei is unlikely to be the dominant mechanism quenching star formation and driving the evolution of these late-type galaxies. In fact, galaxies with quenched star formation are typically gas deficient systems residing in the cluster environment, s ...
MPhil Thesis - Final - Suzanne Knight
MPhil Thesis - Final - Suzanne Knight

... white dwarfs make them ideal candidates for detecting low mass objects such as brown dwarfs and gas giant planets. ! Theoretical predictions generally agree that a star will consume and destroy close-in, low mass planets as it ascends the red giant and asymptotic giant branch evolutionary tracks, bu ...
M sin i
M sin i

... The Solar nebula was made of H y He, with a small fraction of heavy elements. About 4550 - 4400 million years ago these heavy elements condensed as dust in the inner disk, and as ice+dust in the outer disk. According to the Solar system formation theory, Jupiter must form beyond the ice line, at 5 A ...
Teil 2
Teil 2

PPT
PPT

... • Understanding of MRI through Lagrangian point of view • Consider differentially rotating plasma disk with vertical magnetic field (penetrate disk) in some gravitational field (stationary) • Put small radial perturbation in rotating plasma at radius r from rotation axis (angular momentum is conserv ...
Lokal fulltext - Chalmers Publication Library
Lokal fulltext - Chalmers Publication Library

... rings of planetesimals, remains. These rings of planetesimals are important for the circumstellar dust this thesis discusses. Gravitational influences from surrounding planets will create collisions in these rings. Such collisions result in the production of µm sized dust grains, or debris, that spr ...
The masses and spins of neutron stars and stellar
The masses and spins of neutron stars and stellar

... mass and spin magnitude, which in turn tells us about the conditions in the pre-supernova star just before the collapse. In contrast, there is an ongoing debate about whether the spin direction of black holes can be altered substantially by accretion. As we will see, this has a significant impact on ...
The Evolution of Isotope Ratios in the Milky Way Galaxy
The Evolution of Isotope Ratios in the Milky Way Galaxy

... Isotope ratios have opened a new window into the study of the details of stellar evolution, supernovae, and galactic chemical evolution. We present the evolution of the isotope ratios of elemental abundances (from C to Zn) in the solar neighbourhood, bulge, halo, and thick disk, using chemical evolu ...
Star Formation in the Rosette Complex
Star Formation in the Rosette Complex

... A low resolution, single slit investigation by Hensberge et al. (1998) of 2 members and 3 field stars in the region of NGC 2244 yielded evidence that these were chemically peculiar, possibly magnetic stars. Hensberge et al. (2000) performed spectroscopic analysis of the binary member V578 Mon, which ...
IRAM Annual Report 2014
IRAM Annual Report 2014

c Copyright by Jonathan C. McKinney, 2004
c Copyright by Jonathan C. McKinney, 2004

... (Run A). The dotted line indicates the thin disk value. The run has clearly entered a quasi-steady state. The evolution is relatively smooth with a small variation on a timescale τ ≈ 4 × 104 . This is the timescale for convective bubble formation (the low point in rest-mass accretion rate is when bu ...
Galaxy Disks Further
Galaxy Disks Further

... Copyright ! All rights reserved ...
Formation of cold gas filaments from colliding superbubbles
Formation of cold gas filaments from colliding superbubbles

Observing Stellar Evolution
Observing Stellar Evolution

... Stellar evolution – refers to the stages in the lifetime of one star. When biologists talk about evolution they mean intergenerational evolution. While stars change from one generation to the next, the focus of this program is stellar lifetimes. Burning – The materials that comprise stars do not 'bu ...
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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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