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PPT Format of Slides
PPT Format of Slides

... Conservation of angular momentum says that product of radius and rotation rate must be constant ...
ph507-16-1exo3
ph507-16-1exo3

... major axis < 0.07 AU have low e. This is similar to binary stars, and is likely due to tidal circularization. About 10% of the planets found so far have an eccentricity of nearly 0. About 15% have an eccentricity smaller than Earth's, and over 25% have an eccentricity smaller than Jupiter's. 45% are ...
The Milky Way - Midlandstech
The Milky Way - Midlandstech

August
August

... Mizar & Alcor This pair in the constellation Ursa Major (URR-suh, MAY-jer) is a visual double. However, Mizar takes its place in the celestial hall of fame as the first known Binary Star, one that consists of a pair of gravitationally bound stars that orbit each other. Found to be double in 1650, t ...
The Earth in the Solar System
The Earth in the Solar System

White dwarfs
White dwarfs

ppt
ppt

Why is there a main sequence?
Why is there a main sequence?

... fly-ins and transitions that require you to be in PowerPoint's Slide Show mode (presentation mode). ...
Planetary Nebula
Planetary Nebula

... Low Mass StarsIf a Star has a mass of less then 4 stellar masses, then the Star will become a Red Giant when it has used most of its Hydrogen in the process of nuclear fusion. This Red Giant will lose its mass by gently ejecting its outer layers to form a Planetary Nebula. There are between 20,000 ...
Synthetic color-magnitude diagrams: the ingredients
Synthetic color-magnitude diagrams: the ingredients

... at time t = 0, no metals were present; hence Z(0) = 0. –  The galaxy did not contain any stars at the time of its birth, so that all baryonic matter was in the form of gas. –  In addition, we consider the galaxy as a closed system out of which no matter can escape or be added later on by processes o ...
October 2011
October 2011

... blowing off material at a rapid rate, perhaps one solar mass every 10,000 years. They are much more massive than the Sunlike stars that form planetary nebulae. During the middle of the night we looked at planets and one former planet. No, not that former planet. We looked at Ceres, ...
The Formation and Evolution of the Milky Way
The Formation and Evolution of the Milky Way

... The most metal-poor star ever observed in our galaxy is located in the halo. It is old and has a metallicity [Fe/H] of about -4.0, or about 10,000 times less than the Sun! That it happens to be an ancient star is not a coincidence. When it was born the stellar chemical factories were only just begin ...
Transiting Exoplanets
Transiting Exoplanets

The Solar System
The Solar System

... galaxy. The Sun is a yellow dwarf star, which means it is a medium size star. It is believed to be over 4 billion years old. The Sun spins slowly on its axis as it moves around the galaxy. Because the Sun is so massive, it exerts a powerful gravitational pull on everything in our solar system. It is ...
Star - Astrophysics
Star - Astrophysics

... around the forming star,potentially detectable as an infra-red source. We may also observe bipolar molecular outflows from young stellar objects (YSOs). Denser knots in these outflows are called Herbig-Haro objects. Once the surrounding gas and dust is burned off we see a T Tauri star. [Fig. 59:Infr ...
Lecture102802 - FSU High Energy Physics
Lecture102802 - FSU High Energy Physics

... Gases form cloud around star ...
Timing Detection of Eclipsing Binary Planets and Transiting
Timing Detection of Eclipsing Binary Planets and Transiting

... essentially independent of the inclination to the line-of-sight of the displacing moon's orbit. Conclusions Within the past decade over 100 extrasolar planetary systems have been discovered but, as of this date, none have been found in circum-binary orbits. The eclipsing binary timing method may be ...
The life cycle of the Sun – HR Diagram
The life cycle of the Sun – HR Diagram

... dense electrons become degenerate electron gas (no longer obey perfect gas law and pressure does not increase with temperature) . High thermal conductivity of degenerate electron gas allows burning to spread quickly through the core. The increase in temperature does not cause an increase in pressure ...
Linking Asteroids and Meteorites through Reflectance
Linking Asteroids and Meteorites through Reflectance

... • There is an open house at the Observatory every Thursday when it’s clear. Students should check the observatory website before going since the times may change as the semester progresses and the telescope may be down for repairs at times. The website is ...
Level 2 Science (90764) 2011 Assessment Schedule
Level 2 Science (90764) 2011 Assessment Schedule

... • Protostars are formed. • Gravitational forces cause the hydrogen in the star to begin to fuse. (4 hydrogen atoms to form one helium atom.) • Fusion process causes the star to begin to release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation across the spectra. • The star has sufficient mass to beco ...
Life on the Main Sequence + Expansion to Red Giant
Life on the Main Sequence + Expansion to Red Giant

... Guidepost Stars form from the interstellar medium and reach stability fusing hydrogen in their cores. This chapter is about the long, stable middle age of stars on the main sequence and their old age as they swell to become giant stars. Here you will answer four essential questions: • Why is there ...
The Earth in Context: Universe and Solar System
The Earth in Context: Universe and Solar System

... smallest white dwarfs = most massive, results from large gravitation field, resulting in collaps of star and nuclear compression into very small body i) i.e. the more mass the more gravity the more compression ...
Assessment Schedule
Assessment Schedule

... • Protostars are formed. • Gravitational forces cause the hydrogen in the star to begin to fuse. (4 hydrogen atoms to form one helium atom.) • Fusion process causes the star to begin to release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation across the spectra. • The star has sufficient mass to beco ...
Star Formation
Star Formation

... Solar System ...
TMSP Stellar Evolution & Life
TMSP Stellar Evolution & Life

... b. Cooler or less dense gas i. looking directly at the light source (produces a bright coloured line against a black background; this is called an emission spectrum) How does this happen? •Each of the absorption and emission spectra are produced by specific energies (wavelengths) of light interacti ...
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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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