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... The long-term precision of the instrument cannot be checked easily because it requires a long time base on one hand, and the knowledge of stable stellar sources on the other hand. Especially the latter point represents a new challenge since the intrinsic stability of the stars has never been studied ...
The Solar System Beyond The Planets
The Solar System Beyond The Planets

... refract light from the occulted star away from the direction to the observer. In either case, the key uncertainty is the distance between the 1250 km reference radius probed by occultations and the surface, and this distance remains unknown. If we assume that the radius derived from mutual events is ...
Strongly suggested reading: The Milky Way`s stellar disk
Strongly suggested reading: The Milky Way`s stellar disk

Astrophysical explosions: from solar flares to cosmic gamma
Astrophysical explosions: from solar flares to cosmic gamma

... mechanism is thought to be magnetic reconnection. The magnetic field is fed from within the Sun by dynamo processes [4]. These are most popularly thought to have their origin in the solar tachocline, the shearing boundary between the outer convective and inner radiative portions of the Sun. The origi ...
The evolution of organic matter in space
The evolution of organic matter in space

Imaging Uranus
Imaging Uranus

Stardust--Snapshots of Stars
Stardust--Snapshots of Stars

... considered isotopic signatures of condensation from nova ejecta. Two other spinel grains have large 25Mg and 26Mg isotopic anomalies that are difficult to explain by standard nucleosynthesis in a low-mass star and might indicate an origin in a binary star system. They found another grain with a 17O/ ...
a transiting planet of a sun-like star
a transiting planet of a sun-like star

1 - Piscataway High School
1 - Piscataway High School

... confined in the star’s core can have only certain amounts of energy, just as the electron in an atom can occupy only certain energy levels (see Chapter 6). You can think of these permitted energies as the rungs of a ladder. An electron can occupy any rung but not the spaces between. The second quant ...
Document
Document

Star formation rates and efficiencies in the Galactic Centre
Star formation rates and efficiencies in the Galactic Centre

... funnelled along the bar into the central ∼ 100 pc, where transient star-forming complexes are observed, with timescales of a few Myr. Torrey et al. (2016) have tested the stability of feedback-regulated star formation for different environmental properties (e.g. ambient density, pressure) in the cen ...
• Teacher developed presentations. • Teacher developed laboratory
• Teacher developed presentations. • Teacher developed laboratory

... ELIGIBLE CONTENT 3.3.10. B Origin and Evolution of the Universe ...
Investigation of Extrasolar Planets Using Radial Velocity Technique
Investigation of Extrasolar Planets Using Radial Velocity Technique

... tentative status because the observations were made at a very limit of the capability of the instruments at the time [11]. In the early 1990’s, Wolszczan and Frail (1992) made an exciting discovery of planets far from the solar system in orbit around the pulsar PSR B1257+12 [12]. They proved there w ...
A Human-Powered Orrery: Connecting Learners with the Night Sky*
A Human-Powered Orrery: Connecting Learners with the Night Sky*

... = 1 AU. 1 AU, an Astronomical Unit, is the mean distance from the Sun to the Earth, 150,000,000 km. Jupiter and Saturn are 5.2 and 9.6 meters away, respectively.  The Tabletop Orrery is used when space is very limited. It can be set up in just a few minutes. It is small and very portable and can be ...
Process of Science: PreMainSequence Stellar Life Tracks on the HR
Process of Science: PreMainSequence Stellar Life Tracks on the HR

... If you watch the position of the red dot on the H­R diagram as the interactive figure plays, you will see that the dot is highest — meaning the object is most luminous— when it is a protostar and therefore does not yet have internal fusion. This fact can be a little surprising, but do not forget tha ...
Other Planetary Systems
Other Planetary Systems

... center of mass with Jupiter, but the precise point of return would move around with Saturn’s 29.5-year period. By measuring this motion carefully from afar, an extraterrestrial astronomer could deduce the existence and masses of both Jupiter and Saturn after a few decades of observing. The other pla ...
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View PDF

... projected oblateness would constrain the planet’s rotational period. Planets that are synchronously rotating with their orbital revolution will be rotating too slowly to be significantly oblate; these include planets with orbital semimajor axes d0.2 AU (for MP  MJupiter and M  M ). Jupiter-like p ...
Dr. Amanda Karakas and Prof. John Lattanzio
Dr. Amanda Karakas and Prof. John Lattanzio

... Asymptotic Giant Branch stars •  The asymptotic giant branch is the last nuclear burning phase for stars with mass < 8Msun •  AGB stars are cool (~3000 K) evolved giants, spectral types M, S, C ...
The Neptune Trojans: a window on the birth of the solar system
The Neptune Trojans: a window on the birth of the solar system

... cantly, and the best-fit orbital parameters have shifted somewhat as a result of the longer arc of observations available for the determination of its orbit. So the time seemed right to revisit those earlier works and see whether the object truly is as stable as was believed. To do this, we employed ...
The evolution of spiral galaxies in clusters Kutdemir, Elif
The evolution of spiral galaxies in clusters Kutdemir, Elif

The Birth Environment of the Solar System
The Birth Environment of the Solar System

Chapter 15 THE MILKY WAY IN RELATION TO OTHER GALAXIES
Chapter 15 THE MILKY WAY IN RELATION TO OTHER GALAXIES

Abstract - UChicago High Energy Physics
Abstract - UChicago High Energy Physics

Stellar Explosions
Stellar Explosions

Radial Velocity - Yale Exoplanet
Radial Velocity - Yale Exoplanet

... The unknown inclination angle i prevents us from meaIn this equation, v is the velocity of the source relative suring the true mass of the companion m2 . While this is an important limitation of the RV technique for individual to the observer, k is the unit vector pointing from the obsystems, this f ...
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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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