chapter29_Sections 6
... ion channels and no myelin • After an action potential occurs at a node, positive ions diffuse quickly through the cytoplasm to the next node because myelin prevents them from leaking out across the membrane • Arrival of positive ions at the next node pushes the region to threshold, and an action po ...
... ion channels and no myelin • After an action potential occurs at a node, positive ions diffuse quickly through the cytoplasm to the next node because myelin prevents them from leaking out across the membrane • Arrival of positive ions at the next node pushes the region to threshold, and an action po ...
Neurons
... Excitatory neurotransmitters open channels in the postsynaptic membrane and leads to an increase in the concentration of Na+ ions within the postsynaptic cell, leading to a depolarisation of the postsynaptic cell, and an active response. Inhibitory neurotransmitters encourage the hyperpolarization o ...
... Excitatory neurotransmitters open channels in the postsynaptic membrane and leads to an increase in the concentration of Na+ ions within the postsynaptic cell, leading to a depolarisation of the postsynaptic cell, and an active response. Inhibitory neurotransmitters encourage the hyperpolarization o ...
nervous system
... Motor Neurons (efferent neurons) transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands). They originate in the CNS and terminate in the PNS. Interneurons (association neurons) connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the spinal cord and brain. They originate and terminate ...
... Motor Neurons (efferent neurons) transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs (muscles and glands). They originate in the CNS and terminate in the PNS. Interneurons (association neurons) connect sensory neurons to motor neurons within the spinal cord and brain. They originate and terminate ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto-Santonja 11-30
... How does the ear help with balance? Vestibular System o The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear consists of two Otolith Organs: Utricle: responds to tilting and horizontal movement (moving car) Saccule: responds to vertical movement (elevator) ...
... How does the ear help with balance? Vestibular System o The vestibular apparatus in the inner ear consists of two Otolith Organs: Utricle: responds to tilting and horizontal movement (moving car) Saccule: responds to vertical movement (elevator) ...
48_lecture_presentation - Course
... artificial membrane that separates two chambers. • At equilibrium, both the electrical and chemical gradients are balanced. • In a resting neuron, the currents of K+ and Na+ are equal and opposite, and the resting potential across the membrane remains steady. ...
... artificial membrane that separates two chambers. • At equilibrium, both the electrical and chemical gradients are balanced. • In a resting neuron, the currents of K+ and Na+ are equal and opposite, and the resting potential across the membrane remains steady. ...
Nerve Cells PPT
... DENDRITES function to receive the signal and carry the nerve conduction toward the cell body. SOMA (cell body) is where the nucleus, ribosomes, and most organelles are located AXON HILLOCK is the area on the soma where the action potential (electrical charges) of the neuron builds up before it trans ...
... DENDRITES function to receive the signal and carry the nerve conduction toward the cell body. SOMA (cell body) is where the nucleus, ribosomes, and most organelles are located AXON HILLOCK is the area on the soma where the action potential (electrical charges) of the neuron builds up before it trans ...
![[j26]Chapter 7#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009487154_1-bf88061009d68b903e2c1573596f45de-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 7#
... This chapter begins a four-chapter unit (chapters 7 through 10) on the basic structure and function of neurons and synapses in the nervous system. The electrical membrane potential of a neuron at rest that was introduced in the last chapter, now “comes to life” as appropriate stimuli alter the perme ...
... This chapter begins a four-chapter unit (chapters 7 through 10) on the basic structure and function of neurons and synapses in the nervous system. The electrical membrane potential of a neuron at rest that was introduced in the last chapter, now “comes to life” as appropriate stimuli alter the perme ...
![[j26]Chapter 7#](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015520931_1-d3d263c2c8c221955c9bc7f03ee94039-300x300.png)
[j26]Chapter 7#
... ___ 34. There may be two types of neuron membrane channels for Na+; one type is always open because it lacks gates (leakage channels) whereas the other type has gates that are closed in the resting cell. ...
... ___ 34. There may be two types of neuron membrane channels for Na+; one type is always open because it lacks gates (leakage channels) whereas the other type has gates that are closed in the resting cell. ...
The Nervous System
... Occurs due to an electrochemical change that moves in one direction along the length of a nerve fiber. B. It is electrochemical because it involves changes in voltage as well as in the concentrations of certain ions. ...
... Occurs due to an electrochemical change that moves in one direction along the length of a nerve fiber. B. It is electrochemical because it involves changes in voltage as well as in the concentrations of certain ions. ...
Lecture 1 st week
... • Non – conducting plasma membrane (-65mV spinal motor neuron, -90mV large peripheral nerve fibers and sceletal muscle fibers) • Ion transport • Selective permeability • Sodium-potassium pump – Sodium (Na+) and Potassium transport direction and rate – Imbalance of + ions ...
... • Non – conducting plasma membrane (-65mV spinal motor neuron, -90mV large peripheral nerve fibers and sceletal muscle fibers) • Ion transport • Selective permeability • Sodium-potassium pump – Sodium (Na+) and Potassium transport direction and rate – Imbalance of + ions ...
The Auditory and Vestibular System
... hair cells depending on the direction the stereocilia are pulled. Hair cell receptor potentials closely follow the air pressure changes during a lowfrequency sound. ...
... hair cells depending on the direction the stereocilia are pulled. Hair cell receptor potentials closely follow the air pressure changes during a lowfrequency sound. ...
NEUROCHEMISTRY & NEUROTRANSMITTERS
... MAY BE ENZYMATICALLY BROKEN DOWN (e.g. ACETYLCHOLINE BY THE ACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE) OR TAKEN BACK UP AGAIN BY THE PRESYNAPSE (e.g. NOREPINEPHRINE IS TAKEN BACK UP BY A TRANSPORT PROTEIN). VESICLE PRESYNAPSE POSTSYNAPSE ...
... MAY BE ENZYMATICALLY BROKEN DOWN (e.g. ACETYLCHOLINE BY THE ACTION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE) OR TAKEN BACK UP AGAIN BY THE PRESYNAPSE (e.g. NOREPINEPHRINE IS TAKEN BACK UP BY A TRANSPORT PROTEIN). VESICLE PRESYNAPSE POSTSYNAPSE ...
action potential
... Ion channels are selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions to pass through A resting neuron has many open potassium channels, allowing K to flow out The resulting buildup of negative charge within the neuron is the major source of membrane potential ...
... Ion channels are selectively permeable, allowing only certain ions to pass through A resting neuron has many open potassium channels, allowing K to flow out The resulting buildup of negative charge within the neuron is the major source of membrane potential ...
Neurons - Cloudfront.net
... This is called the resting potential of the neuron. The negative charge is created because the cell membrane of the neuron is constantly pumping positive sodium ions out of the cell They do this using the sodium potassium pump which is a type of active transport (it requires energy because it ...
... This is called the resting potential of the neuron. The negative charge is created because the cell membrane of the neuron is constantly pumping positive sodium ions out of the cell They do this using the sodium potassium pump which is a type of active transport (it requires energy because it ...
Neurons
... ● This is called the resting potential of the neuron. ● The negative charge is created because the cell membrane of the neuron is constantly pumping positive sodium ions out of the cell ● They do this using the sodium potassium pump which is a type of active transport (it requires energy because it ...
... ● This is called the resting potential of the neuron. ● The negative charge is created because the cell membrane of the neuron is constantly pumping positive sodium ions out of the cell ● They do this using the sodium potassium pump which is a type of active transport (it requires energy because it ...
Chap 28 – Nervous System Part 2 – Synaptic Transmission
... end of presynaptic cell triggers increase in intracellular Ca2+, which triggers release of NT ...
... end of presynaptic cell triggers increase in intracellular Ca2+, which triggers release of NT ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... • Active Forces across the Membrane • Sodium–potassium ATPase (exchange pump) • Is powered by ATP © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Active Forces across the Membrane • Sodium–potassium ATPase (exchange pump) • Is powered by ATP © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Issue 22_Pump Up the Volume
... current brushing the tentacles of a sea anemone in the direction of the current. The brushing movement opens pores in the stereocilia letting potassium ions seep in, which create an electric current. There is where prestin steps in. Prestin is a transmembrane protein found at the base of every outer ...
... current brushing the tentacles of a sea anemone in the direction of the current. The brushing movement opens pores in the stereocilia letting potassium ions seep in, which create an electric current. There is where prestin steps in. Prestin is a transmembrane protein found at the base of every outer ...
Dopamine axons of substantia nigra pars compacta neurons and
... selective vulnerability. One factor that distinguishes SNc DA neurons from other DA neurons is their massive axonal arbour and the massive number of synapses they establish. We propose that the high energy cost of such a massive axonal architecture puts SNc DA neurons energetically ‘on the edge’ suc ...
... selective vulnerability. One factor that distinguishes SNc DA neurons from other DA neurons is their massive axonal arbour and the massive number of synapses they establish. We propose that the high energy cost of such a massive axonal architecture puts SNc DA neurons energetically ‘on the edge’ suc ...
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY Measuring Action potential
... - if a potential difference (Voltage) is applied to the two ends of a conductor, current will flow. Resistance is defined as the potential difference divided by the current (R = V/I). - Resistance is a property of the conductor and characterizes how much the conductor “resists” the flow of charge. I ...
... - if a potential difference (Voltage) is applied to the two ends of a conductor, current will flow. Resistance is defined as the potential difference divided by the current (R = V/I). - Resistance is a property of the conductor and characterizes how much the conductor “resists” the flow of charge. I ...
chapter nervous system i: basig strugture and function
... Axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to the same neuron exhibit The process by which an impulse from a single neuron may be amplified by spreading to other neurons is ...
... Axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to the same neuron exhibit The process by which an impulse from a single neuron may be amplified by spreading to other neurons is ...
Chapter 27 Lecture notes
... hallucinogenics. The problem with drugs that alter the effects of neurotransmitters is their addictive potential. III. An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Module 28.10 Nervous system organization usually correlates with body symmetry. A. Neurons function in essentially the same way in all animals, ...
... hallucinogenics. The problem with drugs that alter the effects of neurotransmitters is their addictive potential. III. An Overview of Animal Nervous Systems Module 28.10 Nervous system organization usually correlates with body symmetry. A. Neurons function in essentially the same way in all animals, ...
Chapter_03_4E
... • Cell is more permeable to K+, thus K+ ions can move more freely • In an attempt to establish equilibrium, K+ will move outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pump actively transports K+ into and Na+ out of the cell to maintain the RMP • RMP is maintained at –70mV ...
... • Cell is more permeable to K+, thus K+ ions can move more freely • In an attempt to establish equilibrium, K+ will move outside the cell • Sodium-potassium pump actively transports K+ into and Na+ out of the cell to maintain the RMP • RMP is maintained at –70mV ...
Dear Notetaker:
... chromosomal abnormalities (know differences between those) OLD MATERIAL: Simple diffusion, facilitated, primary and secondary active transport Nernst equation (single ion) vs. goldman hodgken katz (entire cell -> multiple ions, permeability, charge, concentration) Know which channels/transport ...
... chromosomal abnormalities (know differences between those) OLD MATERIAL: Simple diffusion, facilitated, primary and secondary active transport Nernst equation (single ion) vs. goldman hodgken katz (entire cell -> multiple ions, permeability, charge, concentration) Know which channels/transport ...
Open Document - Clinton Community College
... Neuron at rest: ◦ Slightly negative charge ◦ Contains ions flowing back and forth ...
... Neuron at rest: ◦ Slightly negative charge ◦ Contains ions flowing back and forth ...
Resting potential
The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.Apart from the latter two, which occur in excitable cells (neurons, muscles, and some secretory cells in glands), membrane voltage in the majority of non-excitable cells can also undergo changes in response to environmental or intracellular stimuli. In principle, there is no difference between resting membrane potential and dynamic voltage changes like action potential from a biophysical point of view: all these phenomena are caused by specific changes in membrane permeabilities for potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions, which in turn result from concerted changes in functional activity of various ion channels, ion transporters, and exchangers. Conventionally, resting membrane potential can be defined as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells.Any voltage is a difference in electric potential between two points—for example, the separation of positive and negative electric charges on opposite sides of a resistive barrier. The typical resting membrane potential of a cell arises from the separation of potassium ions from intracellular, relatively immobile anions across the membrane of the cell. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher than that for other ions (disregarding voltage-gated channels at this stage), and because of the strong chemical gradient for potassium, potassium ions flow from the cytosol into the extracellular space carrying out positive charge, until their movement is balanced by build-up of negative charge on the inner surface of the membrane. Again, because of the high relative permeability for potassium, the resulting membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium ions must first be set up. This work is done by the ion pumps/transporters and/or exchangers and generally is powered by ATP.In the case of the resting membrane potential across an animal cell's plasma membrane, potassium (and sodium) gradients are established by the Na+/K+-ATPase (sodium-potassium pump) which transports 2 potassium ions inside and 3 sodium ions outside at the cost of 1 ATP molecule. In other cases, for example, a membrane potential may be established by acidification of the inside of a membranous compartment (such as the proton pump that generates membrane potential across synaptic vesicle membranes).