File - Hardman`s AP Biology
... • Conduction of a nerve impulse is an all-ornothing event – Intensity of signal is determined by how many impulses are generated within a given time span ...
... • Conduction of a nerve impulse is an all-ornothing event – Intensity of signal is determined by how many impulses are generated within a given time span ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... •Adrenergic neurons are mainly sympathetic. •All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic. Parasymapthetic neurons release ACh at neuroeffector synapses. •A few sympathetic neurons release ACh instead of NE and they are ...
... •Adrenergic neurons are mainly sympathetic. •All preganglionic neurons are cholinergic. Parasymapthetic neurons release ACh at neuroeffector synapses. •A few sympathetic neurons release ACh instead of NE and they are ...
Unit 12 Chp 49 Animal Sensory and Motor
... When hopping, the tendons in a kangaroo’s legs store and release energy like a spring that is compressed and released – the tail helps in the maintenance of ...
... When hopping, the tendons in a kangaroo’s legs store and release energy like a spring that is compressed and released – the tail helps in the maintenance of ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. g. The large negatively charged proteins in the cytoplasm of the axon also contribute to the resting potential of – 70 mV. 4. Action Potent ...
... Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. g. The large negatively charged proteins in the cytoplasm of the axon also contribute to the resting potential of – 70 mV. 4. Action Potent ...
Chapter 28
... • Signals from an axon are carried across the synapse by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. • These chemicals are packaged in tiny sacs, or vesicles, at the tip of the axon. • When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes the vesicles to release the neurotransmitters into the ...
... • Signals from an axon are carried across the synapse by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. • These chemicals are packaged in tiny sacs, or vesicles, at the tip of the axon. • When a nerve impulse reaches the end of an axon, it causes the vesicles to release the neurotransmitters into the ...
Motor System & Behavior
... solve, read, write, and do mental math, but we would not be able to communicate our thoughts and abilities to anyone. ...
... solve, read, write, and do mental math, but we would not be able to communicate our thoughts and abilities to anyone. ...
Neural Anatomy and Function
... Sensitive to muscle tension and active ORGAN contraction Protect muscle from excess contraction force Stimulation of GTO an afferent impulse is sent to the central nervous system In turn, efferent impulses are sent to the… …Agonist muscle causing it to relax ...
... Sensitive to muscle tension and active ORGAN contraction Protect muscle from excess contraction force Stimulation of GTO an afferent impulse is sent to the central nervous system In turn, efferent impulses are sent to the… …Agonist muscle causing it to relax ...
6. Peripheral Nervous System
... Neurotransmitter is ACh (released from somatic motor neurons) Receptors are Nicotinic (response is always excitatory) Control is Voluntary (except reflexes) ...
... Neurotransmitter is ACh (released from somatic motor neurons) Receptors are Nicotinic (response is always excitatory) Control is Voluntary (except reflexes) ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... 12-1 Divisions of the Nervous System • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS • Functions of the PNS • Deliver sensory information to the CNS • Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems ...
... 12-1 Divisions of the Nervous System • The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) • Includes all neural tissue outside the CNS • Functions of the PNS • Deliver sensory information to the CNS • Carry motor commands to peripheral tissues and systems ...
membrane potential
... postsynaptic cell A single neurotransmitter may have more than a dozen different receptors Acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter in both invertebrates and vertebrates ...
... postsynaptic cell A single neurotransmitter may have more than a dozen different receptors Acetylcholine is a common neurotransmitter in both invertebrates and vertebrates ...
Neuron Structure and Function
... as current drops over the length of the nerve takes longer and longer to charge the capacitor the time constant describes this effect τ is the time it takes to reach 63% of the final voltage (msec) τ = Rm x Cm the smaller the capacitance properties the less the current loss and the faster ...
... as current drops over the length of the nerve takes longer and longer to charge the capacitor the time constant describes this effect τ is the time it takes to reach 63% of the final voltage (msec) τ = Rm x Cm the smaller the capacitance properties the less the current loss and the faster ...
Self Assessment Chapter 11 part 2 - CM
... and lasts only a few milliseconds: • Depolarization phase – membrane potential rises toward zero and then becomes positive briefly ...
... and lasts only a few milliseconds: • Depolarization phase – membrane potential rises toward zero and then becomes positive briefly ...
In The Name of Allah The Most Beneficent The
... there is partially depolarization, ionic current start flowing which gives rise to voltage In case of fully polarized or fully depolarized, no current flows and hence ...
... there is partially depolarization, ionic current start flowing which gives rise to voltage In case of fully polarized or fully depolarized, no current flows and hence ...
June 14_Neuroanatomy & Audition
... So at rest, the inside of the neuron is negatively charged because of the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. What happens when a signal comes along?? ...
... So at rest, the inside of the neuron is negatively charged because of the balance of ions inside and outside the cell. What happens when a signal comes along?? ...
Chapter Outline
... Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. g. The large negatively charged proteins in the cytoplasm of the axon also contribute to the resting potential of – 70 mV. 4. Action Potent ...
... Since the plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions, there are always more positive ions outside; this accounts for some polarity. g. The large negatively charged proteins in the cytoplasm of the axon also contribute to the resting potential of – 70 mV. 4. Action Potent ...
Nerve activates contraction - Silver Falls School District
... stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane allows Na+ to flow inside membrane exchange of ions initiates an action potential in neuron ...
... stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane allows Na+ to flow inside membrane exchange of ions initiates an action potential in neuron ...
Document
... a. Dendrites carry information toward the cell body. b. Dendrites carry information away from the cell body. c. Axons carry information toward the cell body. d. None of the above __C__4. Neurons that have repolarized will have a high concentration of which one of these outside the axon? a. sodium io ...
... a. Dendrites carry information toward the cell body. b. Dendrites carry information away from the cell body. c. Axons carry information toward the cell body. d. None of the above __C__4. Neurons that have repolarized will have a high concentration of which one of these outside the axon? a. sodium io ...
The Nervous System
... move from 1 location to another in the form of action potentials along neurons Also known as nerve impulses Messages move across the synapse Can ...
... move from 1 location to another in the form of action potentials along neurons Also known as nerve impulses Messages move across the synapse Can ...
Invertebrate nervous systems:
... Briefly, the modifications were these:1.The hindbrain became divided into a ventral portion, called the medulla oblongata, a dorsal portion, the cerebellum, and the anterior pons. The medulla became specialized as a control center for some autonomic and somatic pathways concerned with vital function ...
... Briefly, the modifications were these:1.The hindbrain became divided into a ventral portion, called the medulla oblongata, a dorsal portion, the cerebellum, and the anterior pons. The medulla became specialized as a control center for some autonomic and somatic pathways concerned with vital function ...
Lecture slides from 2007
... So muscles are always Arranged in pairs for Rotating joints in both ...
... So muscles are always Arranged in pairs for Rotating joints in both ...
biology lecture notes chapter 2
... Some neurotransmitters excite the next cell into firing and some inhibit the next cell from firing. Specific neurotransmitters “bind” with specific POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTORS. 1. “Lock and Key” model 2. Neurotransmitter—receptor binding causes postsynaptic changes 3. ION CHANNEL: closely “tied” to a r ...
... Some neurotransmitters excite the next cell into firing and some inhibit the next cell from firing. Specific neurotransmitters “bind” with specific POSTSYNAPTIC RECEPTORS. 1. “Lock and Key” model 2. Neurotransmitter—receptor binding causes postsynaptic changes 3. ION CHANNEL: closely “tied” to a r ...
Skeletal Muscle Review
... • When a muscle is fatigued (tired) it is unable to contract because of lack of Oxygen ...
... • When a muscle is fatigued (tired) it is unable to contract because of lack of Oxygen ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.