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Review 3 ____ 1. The cells that provide structural support and
Review 3 ____ 1. The cells that provide structural support and

... 30. When Jeffrey slipped on the stairs and hit his head he saw "stars" for several minutes. The "stars" were most likely a result of activity in Jeffrey's a. temporal lobes b. prefrontal cortex c. occipital lobes d. primary somatosensory cortex ...
Nervous System Notes
Nervous System Notes

... knob, causing release of calcium ions to diffuse into the knob  Increased calcium concentrations trigger the release of neurotransmitters via exocytosis  Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to receptor molecules causing ion channels to open  This causes postsynaptic poten ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System

... Paraympathetic input to the blood vessel •  Parasympathetic vasodilator fibers (releasing ACh) are far less common than vasoconstrictor sympathetic fibers •  They supply salivary glands, some GI glands and erectile tissue •  They indirectly cause vasodilation binding to M receptor on neighboring cel ...
Brain Notes - Cloudfront.net
Brain Notes - Cloudfront.net

... Between Axon terminals and Dendrites Neurotransmitter=a chemical released by a neuron that stimulates nearby neurons and allows for nerve impulses to be passed throughout the body Neurotransmitters are kept in vesicles, which fuse with the axon terminal’s membrane and travel into the synaptic cleft, ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations Parasympathetic Nervous System division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy The sympathetic nervous system arouses; the parasympathetic nervous system ...
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -

... - from almost all sym postganglionic nerve fibers - alpha1 adrenergic fibers are usually excitatory - alpha2 adrenergic fibers are inhibitory - beta1 adrenergics fibers are usually inhibitory - beta2 are excitatory and inhibitory ...
IV. Conduction Across Synapses
IV. Conduction Across Synapses

... neurotransmitter split by a specific enzyme fragments re-absorbed by presynaptic neuron used to synthesize more neurotransmitter ex: acetylcholine (Ach) split by enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
Page 1 - Rochester Community Schools
Page 1 - Rochester Community Schools

... E) thresholds. 7. Reuptake refers to the A) movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap. B) release of hormones into the bloodstream. C) inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane. D) reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron. E) the endin ...
Nervous System Student Notes File
Nervous System Student Notes File

... presynaptic to postsynaptic cell via gap junction. Very uncommon. 3. ______________________________________- a chemical called a ______________________________ is released from the presynaptic cell and binds to receptors on a postynaptic cells causing it to fire a) An action potential arriving at th ...
to Psychology 3
to Psychology 3

... - also involved in integrating information from various senses 2. The Hypothalamus: Regulator of Biological Needs - involved in the regulation of basic biological needs; is a critical structure in the ANS; vital link between the brain and the endocrine system - also plays a major role in basic needs ...
the brain
the brain

... – Left and right halves – Separated by longitudinal fissure – Connected by tracts ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... membrane of the adjacent nerve cell, it changes the permeability of that membrane. • As a result, Na+ ions diffuse through the membrane into the cell. • If enough neurotransmitter is released by the axon terminal, so many Na+ ions diffuse into the neuron that the neuron becomes DEPOLARIZED. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... The spinal cord is the main organ used for impulse transferal between the brain and other parts of the body. The spinal cord is divided into segments, and from each segment a pair of spinal nerves extends to the body. ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... • scar tissue • mop up excess ions, etc • induce synapse formation • connect neurons to blood vessels Oligodendrocytes • CNS • myelinating cell ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... Cells of the Nervous System  Neurons/nerve cells: receive stimuli and transmit action potentials (send and receive information)  Cell Body: contains the nucleus and two extensions  Dendrites: shorter, more numerous, and receives information (Action Potentials)  Axons: single, long “fiber” whic ...
MTC42: control of smooth muscle 11/10/07
MTC42: control of smooth muscle 11/10/07

... The autonomic nervous system controls a wide range of metabolic, cardiopulmonary and other visceral requirements of our body which continues whether we are asleep or awake In most cases we are unaware of autonomic nervous activity within our bodies The ANS has three divisions: o Sympathetic – arisin ...
The Nervous System and The Brain
The Nervous System and The Brain

... Each neuron consists of a cell body (Soma) and one or more branching fibers. The fibers are of two types: Dendrites – Receive information from sensory receptors, or other neurons Axons – Pass information along to other neurons ***Dendrites – Short; Axons – Long *** ...
AP Ψ - nrappsychology
AP Ψ - nrappsychology

... ii. Normal function of a particular brain region can be studied by observing changes after TMS is applied to a specific location iii. Positives: shows which brain regions are necessary for given tasks iv. Negatives: long term safety not well established D. Neuroanatomy a. Cells of the nervous system ...
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION

... NEURONS Neurons or the nerve cell is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The nervous system of human is made up of innumerable neurons. The total no. of estimated neurons in the human brain is more than 100 billion. These are linked together in a highly intricate manner. It is ...
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -
Chapter 15 the autonomic nervous system -

... - from almost all sym postganglionic nerve fibers - alpha1 adrenergic fibers are usually excitatory - alpha2 adrenergic fibers are inhibitory - beta1 adrenergics fibers are usually inhibitory - beta2 are excitatory and inhibitory ...
Nervous Systems II PPT
Nervous Systems II PPT

... 3 basic function of all neurons: ◦ Receive and integrate incoming signals ◦ Conduct these signals through the cell ◦ Transmit these signals to other cells ...
Structural elements and mechanisms involved in the transformation
Structural elements and mechanisms involved in the transformation

... the PNS (muscles and glands)  Two main categories : Somatic / Visceral motor neurons Somatic motor neurons:  Originate from CNS direct axons to skeletal muscles  control locomotion Types of efferent motor neurons: Alpha / Beta / Gamma motor neurons Types of muscle fibers they innervate: Intrafu ...
create opposite responses in the effectors
create opposite responses in the effectors

... Effects of Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System •The cells of each organ controlled by the ANS have membrane receptors to BOTH ACh and NE –organs are dually controlled -The response of the organ is determined by the identity of the neurotransmitter released –the binding of ACh to its r ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • The hypothalamus and the thalamus are in the diencephalon. • The hypothalamus is an integrating center that helps maintain homeostasis by regulating hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature, and water balance. • The hypothalamus serves as a link between the nervous and endocrine system. • The thala ...
Lecture
Lecture

... • 3D images of the internal organs and structures • CAT scan is used to define normal and abnormal structures in the body • Nobel prize in medicine: 1979 • Hounsfield and Cormack ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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