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Chicurel2001NatureNV..
Chicurel2001NatureNV..

... many others to turn to multi-unit recordings. The precise significance of the oscillations they saw remains a matter for debate. But dozens of multi-unit studies have since shown that synchronous firing is associated with visual perception and the conscious processing of other types of information4. ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... 2. List the order of the connective tissue meninges that line the spinal cord. Are they also found around the brain? 3. In the adult does the spinal cord extend through all vertebrae? What is the conus medullaris and caudae equinae? 4. Describe the 2 roots that make up each spinal nerve. What types ...
Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster

... to sucrose. A vertebrate neuropeptide, neuromedin U (NMU) plays an important role in modulating central energy homeostasis including feeding behavior. Here, we report that hugin, Drosophila counterpart of NMU and its receptor signaling modulate post-mating food preference decisions in female. To inv ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential

... body for stress or physical activity (fightor-flight response) ...
Project Self-Discovery
Project Self-Discovery

... So what? If sending neuron can’t “mop up” the neurotransmitters from the synapse, they will continue to link to receptor sites on other neuron’s dendrites causing continuous ...
General Neurophysiology
General Neurophysiology

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Eagleman Ch 3. Neurons and Synapses
Eagleman Ch 3. Neurons and Synapses

... Neurotransmitters are chemicals released by the presynaptic cell to affect the postsynaptic cell.  The synaptic cleft is the 20- to 30-nm space between the cells.  The small size of the synaptic cleft allows the concentration of the neurotransmitter to change rapidly. ...
Answer Key - Psychological Associates of South Florida
Answer Key - Psychological Associates of South Florida

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File - LC Biology 2012-2013
File - LC Biology 2012-2013

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abstract english
abstract english

... oscillations). Brain activity is often rhythmical, and depending on what a person is doing, waves of different frequency occur. In this thesis we describe processes which underlie brain waves typically observed when a person is active. These waves, which are called fast network oscillations (13-80 w ...
Chapter 2, continued Basal ganglia Has three principal structures
Chapter 2, continued Basal ganglia Has three principal structures

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Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology

... Interconnected neurons form networks in the brain. Theses networks are complex and modify with growth and experience. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Brainstem mechanisms of controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion in cats. (A) Signals from the MLR activate muscle-tone excitatory and rhythmgenerating systems. The rhythm-generating system is from the excitatory reticulospinal tract arising from the ventromedial MRF (v-MRF) and CPG in the sp ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... Nerves can regenerate in the PNS but not in the CNS Also the nervous system boasts the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) The ANS regulates involuntary actions such as: ...
Chapter 17
Chapter 17

... a. astrocytes are star-shaped cells (with many processes) that perform several functions in support of neurons b. oligodendrocytes have few processes and produce a myelin sheath; each oligodendrocyte can myelinate parts of several axons c. microglia are small, phagocytic neuroglia that protect the n ...
The Biological Perspective
The Biological Perspective

...  2 Adrenal glands - located on the top of each kidney  Critical role in regulating the body’s response to stress  Adrenal glands are divided into 2 parts  Adrenal medulla – releases epinephrine and norepinephrine when ...
Lesson 33 - UBC Zoology
Lesson 33 - UBC Zoology

... The supporting cells can make up more than 90% of the cells in the nervous system of some species. More complex organisms have more glial cells relative to neurons. These cells form a scaffolding or glue, which holds the tissue together. They assist the neurons by controlling the environment around ...
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM - Salisbury Composite High School
Biology 30 NERVOUS SYSTEM - Salisbury Composite High School

... sensory neurons to spinal cord and CNS, ganglion is the collection of cell bodies ...
Neurons and Neurotransmission - Milton
Neurons and Neurotransmission - Milton

... stages of the disease. There is reason to believe that in a short time, nearly everyone on Earth will be infected. The virus continues to spread exponentially, and all attempts at a vaccine or cure have failed. Scientific and industrial infrastructure is rapidly faltering. Early attempts at controll ...
The Nervous System (ppt).
The Nervous System (ppt).

... and spinal cord. In mammals, the meninges are the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid is located in the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system. ...
Spinal Cord – Gross Anatomy
Spinal Cord – Gross Anatomy

... Has two grooves that run its length separating it into right and left halves ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... PET scan on the left shows two areas of the brain (red and yellow) that become particularly active when volunteers read words on a video screen: the primary visual cortex and an additional part of the visual system, both in the back of the left hemisphere. Other brain regions become especially activ ...
Optogenetics: Molecular and Optical Tools for Controlling Life with
Optogenetics: Molecular and Optical Tools for Controlling Life with

... culture or in vivo to sustain the function of these molecules (and, for organisms such as C. elegans, Drosophila, and other nonmammalian species, the all-trans-retinal is easily enough supplemented in the food supply). The illumination power required to activate these molecules is in typically in th ...
ANS (Ch14)
ANS (Ch14)

... • Sympathetic division: long-lasting, body-wide effects – because NE: • Is inactivated more slowly than ACh • NE and epinephrine are released into the blood and remain there until destroyed by the liver ...
Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

... • Concerned with the innervation and control of visceral organs, smooth muscles and glands • Along with the endocrine system, its primary function is homeostasis of the internal environment • The majority of the activities of the autonomic system do not impinge on consciousness • The control exerted ...
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Circumventricular organs

Circumventricular organs (CVOs) are structures in the brain that are characterized by their extensive vasculature and lack of a normal blood brain barrier (BBB). The CVOs allow for the linkage between the central nervous system and peripheral blood flow; additionally they are an integral part of neuroendocrine function. The lack of a blood brain barrier allows the CVOs to act as an alternative route for peptides and hormones in the neural tissue to the peripheral blood stream, while still protecting it from toxic substances. CVOs can be classified into (a) sensory and (b) secretory organs. The sensory organs include the area postrema (AP), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the vascular organ of lamina terminalis. They have the ability to sense plasma molecules and then pass that information into other regions of the brain. Through this, they provide direct information to the autonomic nervous system from the systemic circulation. The secretory organs include the subcommissural organ (SCO), the posterior pituitary, the pineal gland, the median eminence and the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. These organs are responsible for secreting hormones and glycoproteins into the peripheral vascular system using feedback from both the brain environment and external stimuli.All of the circumventricular organs, besides the SCO, contain extensive vasculature and fenestrated capillaries which leads to a ‘leaky’ BBB at the site of the organs. Furthermore, all CVOs contain neural tissue, allowing them to play a role in the neuroendocrine system. It is highly debated if the choroid plexus can be included as a CVO. It has a high concentration of fenestrated capillaries, but its lack of neural tissue and its primary role of producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) usually excludes the choroid plexus from the CVO classification.Research has also linked CVOs to body fluid regulation, cardiovascular functions, immune responses, thirst, feeding behavior and reproductive behavior.
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