Common Focus Point Technology
... and weathered layer influences. In the first year it became clear that correct estimation of the propagation properties of the weathered layer is very important for the decomposition and all the further processing steps. Therefore the subject of my research changed to weathered layer estimation, usi ...
... and weathered layer influences. In the first year it became clear that correct estimation of the propagation properties of the weathered layer is very important for the decomposition and all the further processing steps. Therefore the subject of my research changed to weathered layer estimation, usi ...
Common Focus Point Technology
... estimation of the propagation properties of the weathered layer is very important for the decomposition and all the further processing steps. Therefore the subject of my research changed to weathered layer estimation, using the areal shot record technology. An important side-off project of these fir ...
... estimation of the propagation properties of the weathered layer is very important for the decomposition and all the further processing steps. Therefore the subject of my research changed to weathered layer estimation, using the areal shot record technology. An important side-off project of these fir ...
PDF
... and at melting depths 1–2.5 GPa (VF) and 2.4–2.8 GPa (RA). These conditions are consistent with a model whereby shallow, relatively low temperature slab fluids contribute to VF basalt genesis, whereas deeper and hotter slab melts control formation of RA basalts. The low‐temperature slab dehydration ...
... and at melting depths 1–2.5 GPa (VF) and 2.4–2.8 GPa (RA). These conditions are consistent with a model whereby shallow, relatively low temperature slab fluids contribute to VF basalt genesis, whereas deeper and hotter slab melts control formation of RA basalts. The low‐temperature slab dehydration ...
Seimic analysis of Carboniferous rift basin and Triassic growth
... extensional basins of the SE Svalbard region. The study of the Carboniferous Billefjorden Trough in Sassenfjorden-Tempelfjorden and from Reindalen, focus on the rift infill with associated wedge and lenticular shaped depocenter geometries. The two fundamental geometries are identified by either vari ...
... extensional basins of the SE Svalbard region. The study of the Carboniferous Billefjorden Trough in Sassenfjorden-Tempelfjorden and from Reindalen, focus on the rift infill with associated wedge and lenticular shaped depocenter geometries. The two fundamental geometries are identified by either vari ...
The Upper Mantle Geoid: Implications for Continental Structure and
... and Forte, 1997; Forte and Mitrovica, 2001), with 75% of the signal produced by degree/order terms 2 and 3. It is clear that the Earth’s geoid is dominated by long-wavelength, high-amplitude anomalies that arise from deep mantle density heterogeneities (Hager and Richards, 1989), with the source of ...
... and Forte, 1997; Forte and Mitrovica, 2001), with 75% of the signal produced by degree/order terms 2 and 3. It is clear that the Earth’s geoid is dominated by long-wavelength, high-amplitude anomalies that arise from deep mantle density heterogeneities (Hager and Richards, 1989), with the source of ...
Thesis pdf
... lithosphere is up to ~90 km thinner, especially below the Central Iran and Alborz Mountains. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) shows different geometries between the two transects. In the northern profile (northern Zagros), the LAB rises sharply below the Sanandaj Sirjan Zone in a narrow ...
... lithosphere is up to ~90 km thinner, especially below the Central Iran and Alborz Mountains. The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) shows different geometries between the two transects. In the northern profile (northern Zagros), the LAB rises sharply below the Sanandaj Sirjan Zone in a narrow ...
Phase Transitions and Mineralogy of the Upper Mantle
... convective mantle, that is, the source of primary basaltic magmas, which implies significant heterogeneities also in the convecting mantle. Over the last decades, many studies addressed processes that may cause heterogeneities in the upper mantle, using both field-based and experimental investigatio ...
... convective mantle, that is, the source of primary basaltic magmas, which implies significant heterogeneities also in the convecting mantle. Over the last decades, many studies addressed processes that may cause heterogeneities in the upper mantle, using both field-based and experimental investigatio ...
Fig. 1 - Durham University Community
... well-known deficiencies of these elements in the bulk continental crust (BCC). These new observations, which support the notion that the DMM and BCC are complementary in terms of the overall abundances of incompatible elements, offer new insights into the crust–mantle differentiation. These observati ...
... well-known deficiencies of these elements in the bulk continental crust (BCC). These new observations, which support the notion that the DMM and BCC are complementary in terms of the overall abundances of incompatible elements, offer new insights into the crust–mantle differentiation. These observati ...
Visit Site - Geothermal Data Repository
... Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0002777. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor ...
... Acknowledgment: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-EE0002777. Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor ...
Asymmetric plume-ridge interaction around Iceland: The Kolbeinsey
... plotted as reduced travel time (7 km/s) versus range. Data are band-pass filtered from 3 to 20 Hz and amplified as a function of range. Arrivals are observed out to over 100 km. Note the clear PmP arrivals on most stations. ...
... plotted as reduced travel time (7 km/s) versus range. Data are band-pass filtered from 3 to 20 Hz and amplified as a function of range. Arrivals are observed out to over 100 km. Note the clear PmP arrivals on most stations. ...
The Eclogite Engine: Chemical geodynamics as
... conceptual model, is needed. The pot-on-the-stove metaphor is not appropriate. Large changes in properties due to compression, phase changes, heat exchangers, condensers, pistons and repetitious cycles are essential to the operation of an engine. Thermodynamic consistency, material properties that d ...
... conceptual model, is needed. The pot-on-the-stove metaphor is not appropriate. Large changes in properties due to compression, phase changes, heat exchangers, condensers, pistons and repetitious cycles are essential to the operation of an engine. Thermodynamic consistency, material properties that d ...
Author`s personal copy - School of Arts and Sciences
... consistencies, inconsistencies, interpretations and caveats. This study builds upon previous work by including: (a) reference to the large amount of literature published in the last decade, and (b) a wide variety of Earth Science disciplines that are not all integrated in previous reviews. The most ...
... consistencies, inconsistencies, interpretations and caveats. This study builds upon previous work by including: (a) reference to the large amount of literature published in the last decade, and (b) a wide variety of Earth Science disciplines that are not all integrated in previous reviews. The most ...
Dynamical geochemistry of the mantle
... models that have not simultaneously satisfied the geophysical and geochemical constraints. Whereas geophysical inferences have led to a picture of the mantle with no major vertical compositional variation, apart from the D00 zone in the lowest 200–300 km (Davies and Richards, 1992; Grand et al., 199 ...
... models that have not simultaneously satisfied the geophysical and geochemical constraints. Whereas geophysical inferences have led to a picture of the mantle with no major vertical compositional variation, apart from the D00 zone in the lowest 200–300 km (Davies and Richards, 1992; Grand et al., 199 ...
Continental rifting as a function of lithosphere mantle strength
... forces — i.e. softening the lithosphere during extension by the thinning of brittle layers and general heating. Narrow rifts occur when the total force change on rifting is negative, so that the ongoing thinning is kept in the same narrow region. On the contrary, wide rifts occur when the total forc ...
... forces — i.e. softening the lithosphere during extension by the thinning of brittle layers and general heating. Narrow rifts occur when the total force change on rifting is negative, so that the ongoing thinning is kept in the same narrow region. On the contrary, wide rifts occur when the total forc ...
Title Development of Surface-wave Methods and Its Application to
... arrays can be used for small-scale passive surface-wave method in which relatively high-frequency (1 to 10Hz) micro-tremors are used. Our new surface-wave methods have been applied to several different purposes in civil engineering, such as housing site investigations, earthquake disaster mitigation ...
... arrays can be used for small-scale passive surface-wave method in which relatively high-frequency (1 to 10Hz) micro-tremors are used. Our new surface-wave methods have been applied to several different purposes in civil engineering, such as housing site investigations, earthquake disaster mitigation ...
Hotspots and Melting anomalies - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... complemented by laboratory and theoretical modeling. Melt can be generated by variations in temperature, composition, and mantle upwelling. While there is a variety of petrologic and geophysical evidence for the magmatism at hotspots such as Hawaii, Galápagos, and Iceland being caused by large incre ...
... complemented by laboratory and theoretical modeling. Melt can be generated by variations in temperature, composition, and mantle upwelling. While there is a variety of petrologic and geophysical evidence for the magmatism at hotspots such as Hawaii, Galápagos, and Iceland being caused by large incre ...
Indian Ocean - BGR
... The scientists use the marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. This exploration method images the electrical properties of the seafloor. Free gas is electrically resistive in contrast to conductive seawater which is normally found in the sediment pore space. CSEM can therefore be use ...
... The scientists use the marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) method. This exploration method images the electrical properties of the seafloor. Free gas is electrically resistive in contrast to conductive seawater which is normally found in the sediment pore space. CSEM can therefore be use ...
Global Correlations of Ocean Ridge Basalt Chemistry with Axial
... along ridge segments and with respect to physical observables such as spreading rate (Niu & Batiza, 1993; Niu & He¤kinian, 1997a, 1997b) or ridge axial depth on all scales (Brodholt & Batiza, 1989; Niu & Batiza, 1993, 1994; Niu et al., 2001). In this case, averaging is often used to ‘average out’ ou ...
... along ridge segments and with respect to physical observables such as spreading rate (Niu & Batiza, 1993; Niu & He¤kinian, 1997a, 1997b) or ridge axial depth on all scales (Brodholt & Batiza, 1989; Niu & Batiza, 1993, 1994; Niu et al., 2001). In this case, averaging is often used to ‘average out’ ou ...
Chapter 7. Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of the Crust and Oceans
... produced the greatest additions to continental crust. It is tempting to assume this has been the case throughout geologic time, but this has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Because subduction zones appear to play such a key role in the evolution of the crust and mantle, we will discuss them in ...
... produced the greatest additions to continental crust. It is tempting to assume this has been the case throughout geologic time, but this has not been demonstrated unequivocally. Because subduction zones appear to play such a key role in the evolution of the crust and mantle, we will discuss them in ...
Numerical models, geochemistry and the zero-paradox noble
... because of the incompatible nature of He during melting. Instead, they argued that a deeper boundary layer existed in the Earth’s mantle, through which heat but not He could efficiently escape. The 4 He production in the upper mantle with U = 0.008 ppm and Th = 0.016 ppm matches the observed flux, prov ...
... because of the incompatible nature of He during melting. Instead, they argued that a deeper boundary layer existed in the Earth’s mantle, through which heat but not He could efficiently escape. The 4 He production in the upper mantle with U = 0.008 ppm and Th = 0.016 ppm matches the observed flux, prov ...
Magnetotellurics
Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ranges from 300m below ground by recording higher frequencies down to 10,000m or deeper with long-period soundings. Developed in the USSR and France during the 1950s, MT is now an international academic discipline and is used in exploration surveys around the world. Commercial uses include hydrocarbon (oil and gas) exploration, geothermal exploration, mining exploration, as well as hydrocarbon and groundwater monitoring. Research applications include experimentation to further develop the MT technique, long-period deep crustal exploration, and earthquake precursor prediction research.