Layered Mantle Lithosphere in the Lac de Gras
... the sample by an electrostatic lens. The characteristic Xrays generated by the proton bombardment are collected by an Si(Li) energy-dispersive detector and displayed as spectra. Quantitative concentration data are extracted from these spectra as described by Ryan et al. (1990b). Normalization to EMP ...
... the sample by an electrostatic lens. The characteristic Xrays generated by the proton bombardment are collected by an Si(Li) energy-dispersive detector and displayed as spectra. Quantitative concentration data are extracted from these spectra as described by Ryan et al. (1990b). Normalization to EMP ...
•Earthquakes and Tectonics •Rupture mechanics and modelling
... Seismic Hazard Map of Europe as part of the Global Seismic Hazard Map (Giardini et al., 2003; Grünthal et al., 1999). The map depicts the seismic hazard as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA, ms-2) with 10% probability of exceedence (or a 90% chance of non-exceedance) in 50 years, corresponding to a retu ...
... Seismic Hazard Map of Europe as part of the Global Seismic Hazard Map (Giardini et al., 2003; Grünthal et al., 1999). The map depicts the seismic hazard as Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA, ms-2) with 10% probability of exceedence (or a 90% chance of non-exceedance) in 50 years, corresponding to a retu ...
Upper mantle structure beneath the eastern Colorado Plateau and
... Plateau is underlain by a low-density upper mantle province that does not trend along upper crustal tectonic boundaries but, rather, is correlated with regions of middle to late Tertiary magmatism. We model uppermost mantle density contrasts using Bouguer gravity along five parallel profiles across ...
... Plateau is underlain by a low-density upper mantle province that does not trend along upper crustal tectonic boundaries but, rather, is correlated with regions of middle to late Tertiary magmatism. We model uppermost mantle density contrasts using Bouguer gravity along five parallel profiles across ...
Origin and evolution of the lower crust in magmatic arcs and
... dense cumulates from the base of arc crust, foundering into less dense, underlying mantle peridotite, is likely, as supported by geochemical evidence from Talkeetna and Kohistan. Relamination of buoyant, subducting material—during sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc-arc collision, and conti ...
... dense cumulates from the base of arc crust, foundering into less dense, underlying mantle peridotite, is likely, as supported by geochemical evidence from Talkeetna and Kohistan. Relamination of buoyant, subducting material—during sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc-arc collision, and conti ...
Thermal history of the Earth and its petrological expression
... few successful solutions. First, the solution will fail if a non-arc basalt formed from an exotic source composition that differed substantially from KR-4003 used in the PRIMELT calibration. Second, most basaltic rocks do not preserve in their geochemistry the T–P conditions of melt formation in the ...
... few successful solutions. First, the solution will fail if a non-arc basalt formed from an exotic source composition that differed substantially from KR-4003 used in the PRIMELT calibration. Second, most basaltic rocks do not preserve in their geochemistry the T–P conditions of melt formation in the ...
Physical properties of upper oceanic crust
... Scientific Party, 2000a] used the dual laterolog, which has two depths of penetration (shallow and deep). This tool provides superior accuracy to the dual induction tool (used on Leg 144) in high-resistivity formations such as some basalts, because dual-induction response saturates at resistivities ...
... Scientific Party, 2000a] used the dual laterolog, which has two depths of penetration (shallow and deep). This tool provides superior accuracy to the dual induction tool (used on Leg 144) in high-resistivity formations such as some basalts, because dual-induction response saturates at resistivities ...
Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental... during continental break-up in the South China Sea
... (CNOOC), British Petroleum (BP Exploration plc), the Philippine Department of Energy and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences. The seismic data are of multichannel reflection type, usually 96 channel, and were collected by a variety of different contractors mostly in 1979 and 1980. Most but ...
... (CNOOC), British Petroleum (BP Exploration plc), the Philippine Department of Energy and the German Federal Institute for Geosciences. The seismic data are of multichannel reflection type, usually 96 channel, and were collected by a variety of different contractors mostly in 1979 and 1980. Most but ...
Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean from altimetry and the Gravity
... the mean sea surface height. This is called the geoid undulation. The geoid undulation is solved for iteratively from the geoid’s spherical harmonic coefficients as solution to the Bruns equation. Care must be taken when synthesizing the geoid undulation from the spherical harmonic coefficients for ...
... the mean sea surface height. This is called the geoid undulation. The geoid undulation is solved for iteratively from the geoid’s spherical harmonic coefficients as solution to the Bruns equation. Care must be taken when synthesizing the geoid undulation from the spherical harmonic coefficients for ...
Tectonic wedging along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary
... the large amounts of uplift in both regions. On land deformation may also be complicated by the incoming thick passive margin, but a reliable geodynamic model in the offshore region where the structures are simpler may help constrain the initial models for the arc – continent collision zone. The maj ...
... the large amounts of uplift in both regions. On land deformation may also be complicated by the incoming thick passive margin, but a reliable geodynamic model in the offshore region where the structures are simpler may help constrain the initial models for the arc – continent collision zone. The maj ...
Crystal preferred orientation of an amphibole experimentally
... due to the dehydration reaction of hornblende21–23. The experimentally deformed amphibole in earlier studies showed a crystal plasticity at pressures of 0.5–2 GPa and temperatures of 600–800 °C (refs 23,24), with a slip system of (100)[001] and ð101Þ twinning. In addition, a brittle/ductile transiti ...
... due to the dehydration reaction of hornblende21–23. The experimentally deformed amphibole in earlier studies showed a crystal plasticity at pressures of 0.5–2 GPa and temperatures of 600–800 °C (refs 23,24), with a slip system of (100)[001] and ð101Þ twinning. In addition, a brittle/ductile transiti ...
Figure 1 - ePrints Soton - University of Southampton
... comprise solely products of partial melting. The remarkable consistency of seismic velocities in layer 3, the lower oceanic crust, was apparent in early compilations of results from seismic refraction profiles (Raitt, 1963), and remains true even after the addition of many more seismic results, and ...
... comprise solely products of partial melting. The remarkable consistency of seismic velocities in layer 3, the lower oceanic crust, was apparent in early compilations of results from seismic refraction profiles (Raitt, 1963), and remains true even after the addition of many more seismic results, and ...
Geodynamics of the Yellowstone hotspot and mantle plume: Seismic
... R.B. Smith et al. / Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 188 (2009) 26–56 ...
... R.B. Smith et al. / Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 188 (2009) 26–56 ...
Surface-wave analysis for identifying unfrozen zones in subglacial
... the subglacial sediments. Rayleigh waves, generated by the interaction of P- and S-waves at the surface of the earth, are polarized elliptically in the vertical plane containing the direction of propagation. If the elastic constants change with depth, the velocity of Rayleigh waves varies with frequ ...
... the subglacial sediments. Rayleigh waves, generated by the interaction of P- and S-waves at the surface of the earth, are polarized elliptically in the vertical plane containing the direction of propagation. If the elastic constants change with depth, the velocity of Rayleigh waves varies with frequ ...
Zoned mantle convection
... units as diverse as the depleted upper mantle, the continental crust and the altered oceanic crust. Geochemists observe the outcome of these processes, that is the isotopic heterogeneities, and use either empirical or statistical methods (All³egre et al. 1987; Hart et al . 1992; White 1985; Zindler ...
... units as diverse as the depleted upper mantle, the continental crust and the altered oceanic crust. Geochemists observe the outcome of these processes, that is the isotopic heterogeneities, and use either empirical or statistical methods (All³egre et al. 1987; Hart et al . 1992; White 1985; Zindler ...
Mantle-driven deformation of orogenic zones and clutch tectonics
... The upper crust is the best-studied lithospheric layer in terms of deformation. Deformation is both aseismic and seismic, and the bulk rheology is mostly characterized by Coulomb behaviour. The deformation mechanisms for upper crustal deformation are cataclastic flow, pressure solution and dislocati ...
... The upper crust is the best-studied lithospheric layer in terms of deformation. Deformation is both aseismic and seismic, and the bulk rheology is mostly characterized by Coulomb behaviour. The deformation mechanisms for upper crustal deformation are cataclastic flow, pressure solution and dislocati ...
Magnetotellurics
Magnetotellurics (MT) is an electromagnetic geophysical method for inferring the earth's subsurface electrical conductivity from measurements of natural geomagnetic and geoelectric field variation at the Earth's surface. Investigation depth ranges from 300m below ground by recording higher frequencies down to 10,000m or deeper with long-period soundings. Developed in the USSR and France during the 1950s, MT is now an international academic discipline and is used in exploration surveys around the world. Commercial uses include hydrocarbon (oil and gas) exploration, geothermal exploration, mining exploration, as well as hydrocarbon and groundwater monitoring. Research applications include experimentation to further develop the MT technique, long-period deep crustal exploration, and earthquake precursor prediction research.