barriers to trade
... • The Distribution of Income Within Countries – A tariff (subsidy) has the direct effect of raising the internal relative price of the imported (exported) good. – Tariff help import competing sector, while export subsidy help export sector. – However, tariffs and export subsidies might have perverse ...
... • The Distribution of Income Within Countries – A tariff (subsidy) has the direct effect of raising the internal relative price of the imported (exported) good. – Tariff help import competing sector, while export subsidy help export sector. – However, tariffs and export subsidies might have perverse ...
Another version of this paper is presented at Academy of... (AIB) Conference 2010 at Rio de Janero, Brazil
... As regional trading arrangements have proliferated over the last decades, they have posed challenges to economists on both intellectual and policy levels. Even though some integration agreements have been motivated by political considerations, more often the driving force for such agreements is econ ...
... As regional trading arrangements have proliferated over the last decades, they have posed challenges to economists on both intellectual and policy levels. Even though some integration agreements have been motivated by political considerations, more often the driving force for such agreements is econ ...
View/Open
... the markups applied within Japan that are used to reduce the retail price differential between domestic and imported rice. Japan met its URA minimum access commitment on rice. It was, therefore, not using these technical import rules to reduce the import quantity, that quantity was fixed. Instead th ...
... the markups applied within Japan that are used to reduce the retail price differential between domestic and imported rice. Japan met its URA minimum access commitment on rice. It was, therefore, not using these technical import rules to reduce the import quantity, that quantity was fixed. Instead th ...
Trade in Goods and Services and Economic Growth
... dynamics, the static (or level) effects of trade regime changes affects the growth rate of the services sector. However, the sub-utility from consuming manufacturing is assumed such that the intertemporal rate of substitution in consuming manufactures is constant. This implies no growth effects in t ...
... dynamics, the static (or level) effects of trade regime changes affects the growth rate of the services sector. However, the sub-utility from consuming manufacturing is assumed such that the intertemporal rate of substitution in consuming manufactures is constant. This implies no growth effects in t ...
The German economy in the international division of
... fast-growing markets early on and achieved cost advantages by making greater use of international value chains. This was accompanied by a greater degree of specialisation and a substantial rise in exports and imports, especially in the case of intermediates. Thanks to new data, it is now possible t ...
... fast-growing markets early on and achieved cost advantages by making greater use of international value chains. This was accompanied by a greater degree of specialisation and a substantial rise in exports and imports, especially in the case of intermediates. Thanks to new data, it is now possible t ...
Fiscal Federalism in Planned Economies
... budgetary systems, overhang of public enterprises and its inhibiting influence on the development of the market, controls over prices and output and the distortions and invisible regional transfers they create, physical barriers to mobility and trade across different regions, need to replace public ...
... budgetary systems, overhang of public enterprises and its inhibiting influence on the development of the market, controls over prices and output and the distortions and invisible regional transfers they create, physical barriers to mobility and trade across different regions, need to replace public ...
Remittance Facts
... recovery in the US and sectoral shifts in migrant employment. The pace of decline in flows to Latin America slowed in the second half of 2010, and flows started growing again in the first quarter of 2011. For Latin American countries with available remittance data for the first quarter of 2011 – Mex ...
... recovery in the US and sectoral shifts in migrant employment. The pace of decline in flows to Latin America slowed in the second half of 2010, and flows started growing again in the first quarter of 2011. For Latin American countries with available remittance data for the first quarter of 2011 – Mex ...
The Great British trade-off The impact of leaving the EU on the UK`s
... quality. Only rich countries have the infrastructure, knowledge and capital to provide this variety. Emerging economies will only break into high value-added markets by creating more innovative, well-designed and carefully-branded products. This process took Japan 30 years after World War II and Sou ...
... quality. Only rich countries have the infrastructure, knowledge and capital to provide this variety. Emerging economies will only break into high value-added markets by creating more innovative, well-designed and carefully-branded products. This process took Japan 30 years after World War II and Sou ...
economic growth and poverty reduction in sierra leone
... government, political stability and security of life, a capable and efficient civil service, a transparent and predictable and impartial regulatory and legal system, and good governance with emphasis in tackling corruption and inefficiency and in enhancing accountability. Edwards (1995) economic gro ...
... government, political stability and security of life, a capable and efficient civil service, a transparent and predictable and impartial regulatory and legal system, and good governance with emphasis in tackling corruption and inefficiency and in enhancing accountability. Edwards (1995) economic gro ...
PDF
... account environmental and social goals (e.g. poverty reduction). Many of this nonprofit related aspect of the economic growth are regulated by the government. Continental Markets (A2). In the Continental Markets scenario the focus is on markets and economic incentives combined with preserving of nat ...
... account environmental and social goals (e.g. poverty reduction). Many of this nonprofit related aspect of the economic growth are regulated by the government. Continental Markets (A2). In the Continental Markets scenario the focus is on markets and economic incentives combined with preserving of nat ...
Explaining Relative Output Contractions Under Transition
... In our analysis, we employ the two key assumptions that (a) Soviet policies were detrimental to developing market institutions, as set out above; and that (b) different transition countries started the transition process with different endowments of Soviet legacies. At the outset of transition, spec ...
... In our analysis, we employ the two key assumptions that (a) Soviet policies were detrimental to developing market institutions, as set out above; and that (b) different transition countries started the transition process with different endowments of Soviet legacies. At the outset of transition, spec ...
Impact of FDI on GDP: A Comparative Study of China and India
... After the global financial crisis, the status and importance of Asian economies have increased a lot because of their more than expected resilience to financial crisis. Asian economies are expanding rapidly and their growing clout can be felt from the fact that out of top 5 economies of the world (i ...
... After the global financial crisis, the status and importance of Asian economies have increased a lot because of their more than expected resilience to financial crisis. Asian economies are expanding rapidly and their growing clout can be felt from the fact that out of top 5 economies of the world (i ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CHANGE AGREEMENTS
... We discuss how the presence of international trade influences country willingness to participate in global climate change negotiations and why. These negotiations are aimed at reducing global temperature change by having countries mutually agree to reduce carbon emissions and in this way jointly int ...
... We discuss how the presence of international trade influences country willingness to participate in global climate change negotiations and why. These negotiations are aimed at reducing global temperature change by having countries mutually agree to reduce carbon emissions and in this way jointly int ...
WORKING PAPERS IN ECONOMICS No 257 Island Status, Country
... vidual citizens. In terms of economic growth, however, a small population has been thought to be detrimental. The Lewis model of industrialization, for example, assumes that the typical developing country has a large agricultural sector and a correspondingly large agricultural labor force (Lewis, 1 ...
... vidual citizens. In terms of economic growth, however, a small population has been thought to be detrimental. The Lewis model of industrialization, for example, assumes that the typical developing country has a large agricultural sector and a correspondingly large agricultural labor force (Lewis, 1 ...
Healthcare in GCC
... speculated to reach US $ 25-28 Billion by 2018, though reports from other firms speculate a higher growth, a PE Investment firm (ALPEN Capital) the healthcare sector outlook is estimated to reach a market value of US $ 47-55 Billion by the year 2020, while the GCG speculates a healthcare expenditure ...
... speculated to reach US $ 25-28 Billion by 2018, though reports from other firms speculate a higher growth, a PE Investment firm (ALPEN Capital) the healthcare sector outlook is estimated to reach a market value of US $ 47-55 Billion by the year 2020, while the GCG speculates a healthcare expenditure ...
Modelling World Trad - Centro Studi Luca d`Agliano
... model of the world economy, relying on identical assumptions about population, labour force, education and current accounts. The CGE, in turn, is providing a detail representation of factor allocation (across sectors), demand patterns (preferences and budget shares), trade patterns and ultimately lo ...
... model of the world economy, relying on identical assumptions about population, labour force, education and current accounts. The CGE, in turn, is providing a detail representation of factor allocation (across sectors), demand patterns (preferences and budget shares), trade patterns and ultimately lo ...
Provisional agenda and agenda notes
... To provide a forum for the development of policies and solutions to strengthen the global tea smallholder sector by acting as a convener, catalyst and source of reference, so as to improve the consistency of tea policy-making on a global level; To enhance market access by providing statistics, resea ...
... To provide a forum for the development of policies and solutions to strengthen the global tea smallholder sector by acting as a convener, catalyst and source of reference, so as to improve the consistency of tea policy-making on a global level; To enhance market access by providing statistics, resea ...
How do EU-15 Member States Benefit from the Cohesion Policy in
... Enterprise support is modelled within the equation governing the capital accumulation of firms, investment in public capital increases the public infrastructure which has a positive effect on the productivity of firms, whereas the development of human resources increases human capital and the produc ...
... Enterprise support is modelled within the equation governing the capital accumulation of firms, investment in public capital increases the public infrastructure which has a positive effect on the productivity of firms, whereas the development of human resources increases human capital and the produc ...
business clusters and the potential of the biotechnology sector in
... is per capita GDP. According to the CIA World Factbook, Lithuania ranked 150 in 1993 (the first year data was available for Lithuania). In only two years, Lithuania’s position on this indicator rose to 82. The most recent data available (2005) show Lithuania to be in 59th position. Therefore, using ...
... is per capita GDP. According to the CIA World Factbook, Lithuania ranked 150 in 1993 (the first year data was available for Lithuania). In only two years, Lithuania’s position on this indicator rose to 82. The most recent data available (2005) show Lithuania to be in 59th position. Therefore, using ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Taxing Multinational Corporations
... quarter of domestic manufacturing employment in 1977 (from only 10 percent in 1957) and then declining slightly to about 22 percent in the late 1980s. Within U.S. multinational manufacturing firms, the changes have not been so sharp. Foreign affiliate production was larger in the late 1980s relative ...
... quarter of domestic manufacturing employment in 1977 (from only 10 percent in 1957) and then declining slightly to about 22 percent in the late 1980s. Within U.S. multinational manufacturing firms, the changes have not been so sharp. Foreign affiliate production was larger in the late 1980s relative ...
Trade in Tasks, Tariff Policy and Effective Protection Rates
... only of comparative advantages between two countries, but also on their trade partners. The capacity for a firm to join an international supply chain depends of its relative location with both its upstream and downstream partners and its capacity to source inputs at competitive prices. More than in ...
... only of comparative advantages between two countries, but also on their trade partners. The capacity for a firm to join an international supply chain depends of its relative location with both its upstream and downstream partners and its capacity to source inputs at competitive prices. More than in ...
EU-MERCOSUR Trade Agreement: Potential Impacts on Rural
... discussions on all regulatory areas; ii) a comprehensive and balanced agreement, where no sector should be excluded, while taking account of product sensitivities; iii) an integrative approach, which means that the agreement should constitute a single undertaking, implemented by the parties as an in ...
... discussions on all regulatory areas; ii) a comprehensive and balanced agreement, where no sector should be excluded, while taking account of product sensitivities; iii) an integrative approach, which means that the agreement should constitute a single undertaking, implemented by the parties as an in ...
Fiscal Drag – An Automatic Stabiliser?
... Given this awareness, the impact on wages depends on the market structure. In a perfectly competitive labour market, there is no involuntary unemployment and the only way taxes on wages can alter the equilibrium wage level is through changes in individual working hours. This is illustrated in figur ...
... Given this awareness, the impact on wages depends on the market structure. In a perfectly competitive labour market, there is no involuntary unemployment and the only way taxes on wages can alter the equilibrium wage level is through changes in individual working hours. This is illustrated in figur ...
Macroprudential Policies in a Global Perspective Olivier Jeanne
... a recent contribution, Korinek (2012) shows in a model similar to the one presented here that international cooperation is not justified if small countries use prudential capital controls to redress domestic externalities. In another, Bengui (2012) studies the scope for international coordination in ...
... a recent contribution, Korinek (2012) shows in a model similar to the one presented here that international cooperation is not justified if small countries use prudential capital controls to redress domestic externalities. In another, Bengui (2012) studies the scope for international coordination in ...
QNA on Beyond 2020 is based on the OECD quarterly paper
... compile their accounts according to the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA) with the exception of Australia which has adopted the 2008 SNA. However, some series may be based on the country’s own system of national accounts. In all cases, official national data is used without any adjustment ...
... compile their accounts according to the 1993 System of National Accounts (1993 SNA) with the exception of Australia which has adopted the 2008 SNA. However, some series may be based on the country’s own system of national accounts. In all cases, official national data is used without any adjustment ...